{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:00:09Z","timestamp":1793037609290,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T11:27:16Z","timestamp":1691407636000},"page":"116153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The needle and the damage done: Deaths of despair, economic precarity, and the white working-class"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"333","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Bjorklund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/cico.12475","article-title":"Residential segregation, neighborhood health care organizations, and children's health care utilization in the Phoenix urbanized area","volume":"19","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"City Community"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib2","series-title":"A Modern Guide to Economic Sociology","first-page":"90","article-title":"Social stratification and economy: class, power and status factors in economic actions and processes","author":"Bjorklund","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1257\/000282802760015595","article-title":"The impact of economic conditions on participation in disability programs: evidence from the coal boom and bust","volume":"92","author":"Black","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib4","series-title":"The Deindustrialization of America","author":"Bluestone","year":"1982"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13256","article-title":"The effect of evictions on accidental drug and alcohol mortality","volume":"55","author":"Bradford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650704800403","article-title":"Toward a better estimation of the effect of job loss on health","volume":"48","author":"Burgard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518393112","article-title":"Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife among WhiteNon-Hispanic Americans in the 21st Century","author":"Case","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib7","series-title":"Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism","author":"Case","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib8","series-title":"CDC Vital Signs","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib9","series-title":"Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-hispanic Americans in the 21st Century","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib10","series-title":"Cut Loose: Jobless and Hopeless in an Unfair Economy","author":"Chen","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.104.5.141","article-title":"Is the United States still a land of opportunity? Recent trends in intergenerational mobility","volume":"104","author":"Chetty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib90","series-title":"Labor\u2019s love lost: The rise and fall of the working-class family in America","author":"Cherlin","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6336","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4617","article-title":"The fading American dream: trends in absolute income mobility since 1940","volume":"356","author":"Chetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.01.010","article-title":"The triple wave epidemic: supply and demand drivers of the U.S. Opioid overdose crisis","volume":"71","author":"Ciccarone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Pol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.366","article-title":"The changing face of heroin use in the United States: a retrospective analysis of the past 50 years","volume":"71","author":"Cicero","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1719","article-title":"The effect of job loss and unemployment duration on suicide risk in the United States: a new look using mass-layoffs and unemployment duration","volume":"21","author":"Classen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.09.012","article-title":"Suicide attempts among individuals with opiate dependence: the critical role of belonging","volume":"32","author":"Conner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650905000103","article-title":"Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and health among older adults","volume":"50","author":"Cornwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib18","series-title":"Stayin' Alive: the 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class","author":"Cowie","year":"2010"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib19","article-title":"\u201c\u2019They say it's fentanyl, but they honestly look like perc 30s\u2019: initiations and use of counterfeit fentanyl pills\u201d","volume":"19","author":"Daniulaityte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Harm Reduct. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib20","article-title":"Free trade and opioid overdose death in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Dean","year":"2019","journal-title":"SSM \u2013 Popul. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib21","series-title":"Economic Aspects of the Opioid Crisis: Testimony before the Joint Economic Committee of the United States Congress","author":"Deaton","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2010.531665","article-title":"American Indians\/Alaska Natives and substance abuse treatment outcomes: positive signs and continuing challenges","volume":"30","author":"Dickerson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Addict. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2011.02.007","article-title":"Trends in men\u2019s earnings volatility: what does the panel study of income dynamics show?","volume":"95","author":"Donggyun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Publ. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/2657303","article-title":"Welfare, work, and economic survival strategies","volume":"61","author":"Edin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. Socio. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib25","article-title":"The rise of residential segregation by income","author":"Fry","year":"2012","journal-title":"PEW Charitable Trusts Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/00380253.2019.1581038","article-title":"The insecurity gradient in health: how inequality in the distribution of job insecurity matters for the relationship between job insecurity and self-rated health in Europe","volume":"61","author":"Fullerton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Socio. Q."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E816","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523465113","article-title":"Age-aggregation bias in mortality trends","volume":"113","author":"Gelman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w30840","author":"Giles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opiates of the Masses? Deaths of Despair and the Decline of American Religion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.23.4.3","article-title":"The rising instability of U.S. Earnings","volume":"23","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00148-018-0687-y","article-title":"Unequal hope and lives in the USA: optimism, race, place, and premature mortality","volume":"32","author":"Graham","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Popul. Econ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1162\/daed_a_01749","article-title":"The rise of opportunity markets: how did it happen & what can we do?","volume":"148","author":"Grusky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib32","series-title":"The Great Risk Shift: the Assault on American Jobs, Families, Health Care and Retirement and How You Can Fight Back","author":"Hacker","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib33","first-page":"S5","article-title":"The economic security index: a new measure for research and policy analysis","volume":"60","author":"Hacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Income Wealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib34","series-title":"Flat Broke with Children","author":"Hays","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.12.027","article-title":"Neighborhood disorder, psychological distress, and heavy drinking","volume":"61","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600204","article-title":"Neighborhood disorder, psychophysiological distress, and health","volume":"46","author":"Hill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.34.4.52","article-title":"Growing income inequality in the United States and other advanced economies","volume":"34","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-081309-150042","article-title":"Employment stability in the U.S. Labor market: rhetoric versus reality","volume":"37","author":"Hollister","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.07.012","article-title":"Social isolation: an underappreciated determinant of physical health","volume":"43","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib40","year":"2020","journal-title":"\u201cThe State of the Nation\u2019s Housing, 2020.\u201d"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185","article-title":"Prospect theory: an analysis of decision under risk","volume":"47","author":"Kahneman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib42","first-page":"940","volume":"71","author":"Karissa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vital Signs: Drug Overdose Deaths, by Selected Sociodemographic and Social Determinants of Health Characteristics \u2014 25 States and the District of Columbia, 2019\u20132020\u201d Morbidity Mortal Weekly Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib43","series-title":"Wealth Gaps between White, Black and Hispanic Families in 2019","author":"Kent","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib44","series-title":"Social Democratic America","author":"Kenworthy","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-030320-031757","article-title":"Deaths of despair in comparative perspective","volume":"48","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz103","article-title":"Economic insecurity and deaths of despair in US counties","volume":"188","author":"Knapp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.5.758","article-title":"Housing and health: time again for public health action","volume":"92","author":"Krieger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2018.09.005","article-title":"Economic insecurity and the distribution of income volatility in the United States","volume":"77","author":"Latner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib50","series-title":"Happiness: Lessons from a New Science","author":"Layard","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.34.040507.134627","article-title":"Broken down by race and gender? Sociological explanations of new sources of earnings inequality","volume":"34","author":"Leicht","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib52","series-title":"Postindustrial Peasants: the Illusion of Middle- Class Prosperity","author":"Leicht","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib53","series-title":"Dopesick: Dealers, Doctors, and the Drug Company that Addicted America","author":"Macy","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.06.034","article-title":"The effects of whiteness on the health of whites in the USA","volume":"199","author":"Malat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib55","series-title":"The Sum of Us: what Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together","author":"McGhee","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122414534065","article-title":"Education segregation, tea party organizations, and battles over distributive justice","volume":"94","author":"McVeigh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Socio. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib57","series-title":"Dying of Whiteness: How the Politics of Racial Resentment Is Killing America's Heartland","author":"Metzel","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1257\/pandp.20181048","article-title":"Income volatility and the PSID: past research and new results","volume":"108","author":"Moffitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"AEA Pap. Proc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/ser\/mwx020","article-title":"Income Precarity and the Financial Crisis","volume":"17","author":"Nau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib89","series-title":"The Missing Class: Portraits of the Near Poor in America","author":"Newman","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib59","article-title":"Economic conditions and supplemental security income application","volume":"77","author":"Nichols","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Secur. Bull."},{"issue":"1_Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510383498","article-title":"Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: theory, evidence, and policy implications","volume":"51","author":"Phelan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib61","first-page":"47","article-title":"Trade liberalization and mortality: evidence from US counties","volume":"2","author":"Pierce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev.: Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib63","series-title":"More Statistical and Methodological Myths and Urban Legends","first-page":"85","article-title":"Two waves of measurement do not A longitudinal study make","author":"Ployhart","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib64","series-title":"Dreamland: the True Tale of America's Opiate Epidemic","author":"Quinones","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112778","article-title":"Is there a relationship between welfare-state policies and suicide rates? Evidence from the U.S. States, 2000\u20132015","volume":"246","author":"Rambotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/00221465211069873","article-title":"Examining the association between racialized economic threat and white suicide in the United States, 2000\u20132016","volume":"63","author":"Rambotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11563","article-title":"Trends in suicide rates by race and ethnicity in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Ramchand","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib68","series-title":"Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods","author":"Raudenbush","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib69","series-title":"Ups and Downs: Does the American Economy Still Promote Upward Mobility?\u201d Economic Mobility Project","author":"Rose","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2005.11.001","article-title":"The production of social capital in U.S. Counties","volume":"35","author":"Rupasingha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Soc. Econ."},{"issue":"5328","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5328.918","article-title":"Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy","volume":"277","author":"Sampson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib72","first-page":"e3733","article-title":"Racial bias in the US opioid epidemic: a review of the history of systemic bias and implications for care","volume":"10","author":"Santoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2011.00379.x","article-title":"Resilience in the context of chronic stress and health in adults","volume":"5","author":"Schetter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Pers. Psychol. Compass"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib74","article-title":"Trends in mortality from drug poisonings, suicide, and alcohol-induced deaths in the United States from 2000 to 2017","volume":"3","author":"Shiels Meridith","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib75","series-title":"The Betrayal of Work: How Low-Wage Jobs Fail 30 Million Americans","author":"Shulman","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib76","series-title":"Coming up Short: Working-Class Adulthood in an Age of Uncertainty","author":"Silva","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib93","series-title":"Long-Term Trends in Deaths of Despair","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab088","article-title":"Trends in \u2018deaths of despair\u2019 among working-aged white and Black Americans, 1990-2017","volume":"190","author":"Tilstra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.5686","article-title":"Association between automotive assembly plant closures and opioid overdose mortality in the United States: a difference-in-differences analysis","volume":"180","author":"Venkataramani","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.01.027","article-title":"Addiction: pulling at the neural threads of social behaviors","volume":"69","author":"Volkow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib80","series-title":"Relative Deprivation: Specification, Development, and Integration","author":"Walker","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-071811-145434","article-title":"Economic insecurity and social stratification","volume":"38","author":"Western","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib82","series-title":"How Rogue Chemists Are Creating the Deadliest Wave of the Opioid Epidemic","author":"Westoff","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1108\/S0277-2833(2012)0000023013","article-title":"No money, No honey, No church: the deinstitutionalization of religious life among the white working class","volume":"23","author":"Wilcox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Sociol. Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib84","series-title":"When Work Disappears: the World of the New Urban Poor","author":"Wilson","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(05)80436-6","article-title":"Unemployment and health: a review","volume":"107","author":"Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Publ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1215\/00703370-9772414","article-title":"Unemployment Insurance and Opioid Overdose Mortality in the United States","volume":"59","author":"Wu Pinghui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/socpro\/spab053","article-title":"Unemployment and opioid-related mortality rates in US counties: investigating social capital and social isolation-smoking pathways","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114971","article-title":"County social isolation and opioid use disorder among older adults: a longitudinal analysis of medicare data, 2013\u20132018","volume":"301","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953623005105?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953623005105?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T16:01:48Z","timestamp":1759507308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953623005105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S0277953623005105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The needle and the damage done: Deaths of despair, economic precarity, and the white working-class","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116153","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116153"}}