{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T18:47:33Z","timestamp":1775846853017,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T13:46:27Z","timestamp":1697982387000},"page":"116339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Role of grandparents in risky health behavior transmission: A study on smoking behavior in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"338","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9805-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Sari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7525-860X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikko","family":"Moilanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2883-4344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"Lindeboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behaviour","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.15.4.69","article-title":"Instrumental variables and the search for identification: from supply and demand to natural experiments","volume":"15","author":"Angrist","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib3","series-title":"Mostly Harmless Econometrics: an Empiricist's Companion","author":"Angrist","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib4","series-title":"Social Learning Theory","author":"Bandura","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.1","article-title":"Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective","volume":"52","author":"Bandura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/jcy037","article-title":"Some methodological problems in the study of multigenerational mobility","volume":"34","author":"Breen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Socio Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2015.06.003","article-title":"Intergenerational transfer of time and risk preferences","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Econ. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib8","series-title":"Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications","author":"Cameron","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib9","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for supporting women to stop smoking in pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.07.061","article-title":"The association between grandparenthood and mortality","volume":"118","author":"Christiansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X09991105","article-title":"Grandparental investment: past, present, and future","volume":"33","author":"Coall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib12","article-title":"The effects of e-cigarette taxes on e-cigarette prices and tobacco product sales: evidence from retail panel data","volume":"86","author":"Cotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Health Econ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3995","article-title":"Child health as human capital","volume":"29","author":"Currie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Econ. (United Kingdom)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/147470491100900102","article-title":"Grandparental child care in europe: evidence for preferential investment in more certain kin","volume":"9","author":"Danielsbacka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evol. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12206","article-title":"Impact of genetic relatedness and emotional closeness on intergenerational relations","volume":"77","author":"Danielsbacka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib16","first-page":"268","article-title":"Smoking transmission in-home across three generations","volume":"21","author":"Duarte","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13010074","article-title":"Transmission of smoking across three generations in Finland","volume":"13","author":"El-Amin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Price policy and taxation as effective strategies for tobacco control","volume":"10","author":"Felsinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib19","series-title":"National Statistics","article-title":"International smoking statistics, a collection of worldwide historical data","author":"Forey","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1572","article-title":"That instrument is lousy! In search of agreement when using instrumental variables estimation in substance use research","volume":"20","author":"French","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Econ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.10.802","article-title":"Socioeconomic status over the life course and stages of cigarette use: initiation, regular use, and cessation","volume":"57","author":"Gilman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2251","article-title":"Parental smoking and adolescent smoking initiation: an intergenerational perspective on tobacco control","volume":"123","author":"Gilman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.11.004","article-title":"The role of parental engagement in the intergenerational transmission of smoking behavior and identity","volume":"60","author":"Gottfredson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3988","article-title":"The intergenerational transmission of health in the United States: a latent variables analysis","volume":"29","author":"Halliday","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Econ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2307\/1912352","article-title":"Sample selection bias as a specification error","volume":"47","author":"Heckman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib26","series-title":"PhD Thesis","article-title":"Darwinian grandparenting: an evolutionary perspective on the grandparent-grandchild relationship [PhD thesis","author":"Heijkoop","year":"2010"},{"issue":"114736","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib27","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of health behaviors in a changing demographic context: the case of smoking and alcohol consumption","volume":"296","author":"Kalmijn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib28","volume":"vol. 16","author":"Kj\u00f8nstad","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib29","series-title":"The Role of Kin in Educational and Status Attaintment","author":"Lehti","year":"2020"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib30","article-title":"Trends and factors associated with risk perception, anxiety, and behavior from the early outbreak period to the controlled period of COVID-19 epidemic: four cross-sectional online surveys in China in 2020","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib31","series-title":"Historisk Oversikt over Tobakk I Norge 1619-2022","author":"Lund","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2018.11.001","article-title":"Does time preference affect smoking behavior? A dynamic panel analysis","volume":"78","author":"Miura","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Exp. Econ."},{"issue":"July","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib33","article-title":"Health and wellbeing in Norway: population norms and the social gradient","volume":"259","author":"Olsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib34","series-title":"Healthcare System Management: Methods and Techniques","first-page":"295","article-title":"Health communication and behavior change","author":"Purohit","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chieco.2014.10.005","article-title":"Intergenerational transfer of human capital and its impact on income mobility: evidence from China","volume":"38","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib36","series-title":"Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens","first-page":"54","article-title":"The health belief model","author":"Rapoff","year":"2023"},{"issue":"August 2018","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib37","article-title":"Unhealthy consumption behaviors and their intergenerational persistence: the role of education","volume":"62","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib38","series-title":"Our World in Data","article-title":"Causes of death","author":"Ritchie","year":"2018"},{"issue":"November 2018","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.005","article-title":"Intergenerational transmission of gender social norms and teenage smoking","volume":"222","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Planas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib40","first-page":"175","article-title":"Social learning theory and the health belief model","volume":"15","author":"Rosenstock","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112476","article-title":"How do grandparents influence child health and development? A systematic review","volume":"239","author":"Sadruddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2023.1606292","article-title":"Multigenerational health perspectives: the role of grandparents' influence in grandchildren's wellbeing","volume":"68","author":"Sari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01317","article-title":"Confounding and statistical significance of indirect effects: childhood adversity, education, smoking, and anxious and depressive symptomatology","volume":"8","author":"Sheikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-010-0220-x","article-title":"Recent findings on peer group influences on adolescent smoking","volume":"31","author":"Simons-Morton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Prim. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2307\/270723","article-title":"Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models","volume":"13","author":"Sobel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Socio. Methodol."},{"issue":"612","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F340","DOI":"10.1111\/ecoj.12495","article-title":"What do we know so far about multigenerational mobility?","volume":"128","author":"Solon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Econ. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2011.02.001","article-title":"Do grandparents favor granddaughters? Biased grandparental investment in UK","volume":"32","author":"Tanskanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evol. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6483-0","article-title":"Socioeconomic position over the life course from childhood and smoking status in mid-adulthood: results from a 25-year follow-up study","volume":"19","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib49","series-title":"Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871-1971","first-page":"136","article-title":"Parental investment and sexual selection","author":"Trivers","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib50","article-title":"Which grandparent is more intimate? The effects of the gender of grandchildren","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt112","article-title":"Intergenerational transfer of smoking across three generations and forty-five years","volume":"16","author":"Vandewater","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-017-9608-6","article-title":"Experimental evidence for grandmothers' differential investment in grandchildren","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib53","series-title":"Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2014.04.020","article-title":"Quasi-maximum likelihood estimation and testing for nonlinear models with endogenous explanatory variables","volume":"182","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Econom."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.50.2.420","article-title":"Control function methods in applied econometrics","volume":"50","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hum. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib56","series-title":"The Human Capital Index 2020 Update: Human Capital in the Time of COVID-19","first-page":"1","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-013-0275-4","article-title":"The effects of grandparents on children's schooling: evidence from rural China","volume":"51","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/obes.12410","article-title":"Who looks after the kids? The effects of childcare choice on early childhood development in China","volume":"83","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat."}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953623006962?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953623006962?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:10:37Z","timestamp":1720051837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953623006962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0277953623006962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of grandparents in risky health behavior transmission: A study on smoking behavior in Norway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116339","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116339"}}