{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T20:38:07Z","timestamp":1784666287401,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004424","name":"African Development Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T14:59:52Z","timestamp":1733756392000},"page":"117609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Similar health emergencies, different commitments: Comparative strategies to end Ebola and COVID-19 in \u201cpost-conflict\u201d Liberia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"365","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7256-8613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence Wullo","family":"Anfaara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3110-143X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica S","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7858-3048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"Luginaah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003706","article-title":"Community-centered responses to Ebola in urban Liberia: the view from below","volume":"9","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib69","first-page":"395","article-title":"The brain drain, skilled labour migration and its impact on Africa\u2019s development, 1990s-2000s","volume":"12","author":"Adesote","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pan Afr. Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib2","article-title":"Using the internet to conduct research","volume":"13","author":"Ahern","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurse Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib3","first-page":"217","article-title":"Black imperialism : Americo-Liberian rule over the African peoples of Liberia, 1841-1964","volume":"7","author":"Akpan","year":"1973","journal-title":"Can. J. Afr. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47419\/bjbabs.v2i01.25","article-title":"Herbal medicine as an alternative method to treat and prevent COVID-19","volume":"2","author":"Al-Doori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Baghdad J. Biochem. Appl. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib70","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Planning the development of electricity grids in developing countries: An initial approach using Agent Based Models","author":"Alfaro","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-102295-5.10439-1","article-title":"Diseases, emerging and infectious","volume":"389","author":"Antabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Encycl. Hum. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib6","series-title":"Thinking it through: Women, Work and Caring in the New Millennium","author":"Armstrong","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib7","unstructured":"Anfaara, F.W., Lawson, E., Grzyb, A., & Luginaah, I. \u201cEbola Was a Threat to Our Peace; We Had to Stop it!\u201d Expanding the Logic of Everyday Peacebuilding during Ebola in Liberia. Unpublished."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08074-3","article-title":"The influence of first wave of COVID-19 outbreak on routine healthcare services, Liberia, August 2020: a mixed study approach","volume":"22","author":"Babalola","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-020-00931-4","article-title":"Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and home remedies by COVID-19 patients: a telephonic survey","volume":"36","author":"Charan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2021.1920044","article-title":"The feminist political economy of Covid-19: capitalism, women, and work","volume":"16","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib15","series-title":"Liberia COVID-19 Overview","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daly, T. Feminist political economy, health and care. In The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Health and Healthcare (pp. 60-73). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003017110-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351117500-3","article-title":"Cooperation, competition or confusion?: international donors, the state and women civil society organisations in Burundi and Liberia","author":"de Almagro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Government-NGO Relationships in Africa, Asia, Europe and MENA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101206","article-title":"Tackling the COVID-19 pandemic in West Africa: Have we learned from Ebola in Guinea?","volume":"20","author":"Delamou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib21","series-title":"What Makes Women Sick: Gender and the Political Economy of Health","author":"Doyal","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib22","series-title":"Building a More Resilient Health System after Ebola in Liberia","author":"Dreisbach","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1215\/10474552-15-4-37","article-title":"Brain drain: putting Africa between a rock and a hard place","volume":"15","author":"El-Khawas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mediterr. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib25","series-title":"Sexual and Other Forms of Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency in Kenya: Patterns of Violence and Impacts on Women and Girls","author":"Flowe","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/000203971004500201","article-title":"Contested Inclusions: Pitfalls of NGO Peacebuilding Activities in Liberia\/Umstrittene Inklusion: Fallstricke bei peace-building-Aktivit\u00e4ten von NRO in Liberia","author":"Fuest","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. Spectr."},{"issue":"427","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/afraf\/adn003","article-title":"\u2018This is the time to get in front\u2019: changing roles and opportunities for women in Liberia","volume":"107","author":"Fuest","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr. Aff."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib31","series-title":"The International Politics of Ebola","first-page":"152","article-title":"Ebola, gender and conspicuously invisible women in global health governance","author":"Harman","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e258","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268821002053","article-title":"The first 8 months of COVID-19 pandemic in three West African countries: leveraging lessons learned from responses to the 2014\u20132016 Ebola virus disease outbreak","volume":"149","author":"Impouma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib35","series-title":"Understanding West Africa's Ebola Epidemic: towards a Political Economy","first-page":"86","article-title":"The political economy of the Ebola epidemic in Liberia","author":"Kieh","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"viae041_6","DOI":"10.1093\/isr\/viae041.6","article-title":"Gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on marginalized women in Liberia: resilience and enduring challenges","volume":"26","author":"Kollie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Stud. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib37","series-title":"Ebola Impact Revealed: an Assessment of the Differing Impact of the Outbreak on Women and Men in Liberia","first-page":"1","author":"Korkoyah","year":"2015"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.071068","article-title":"Availability of essential health services in post-conflict Liberia","volume":"88","author":"Kruk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPL-03-2021-0018","article-title":"Wise reasoning and political leadership amid COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory study on Ghana","volume":"18","author":"Kutor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Publ. Leadersh."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib40","author":"Lamptey"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.15767\/feministstudies.46.3.0674","article-title":"The intensification of Liberian Women's social reproductive labor in the coronavirus pandemic: regenerative possibilities","volume":"46","author":"Lawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fem. Stud."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1080\/01436597.2020.1793663","article-title":"Motherwork and gender justice in Peace Huts: a feminist view from Liberia","volume":"41","author":"Lawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Third World Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-7-37","article-title":"An analysis of Liberia\u2019s 2007 national health policy: lessons for health systems strengthening and chronic disease care in poor, post-conflict countries","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib74","series-title":"Liberia \u2013","article-title":"MOH and NPHIL Update on Coronavirus Outbreak in Liberia. MOH And NPHIL Update On Coronavirus Outbreak","volume":"20","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406920937875","article-title":"Qualitative Data Collection in an Era of Social Distancing","volume":"19","author":"Lobe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2020.588279","article-title":"Unequal and invisible: a feminist political economy approach to valuing women's care labor in the COVID-19 response","volume":"5","author":"Lokot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.05.019","article-title":"Timing and utilization of antenatal care services in Liberia: understanding the pre-Ebola epidemic context","volume":"160","author":"Luginaah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"448","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/afraf\/adt040","article-title":"Fighting gender-based violence: Thewomen\u2019smovementand the enforcement of rape lawin liberia","volume":"112","author":"Medie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. Aff."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gender-Based Violence During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini-Review","volume":"1","author":"Mittal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Global Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2022.2040169","article-title":"Addressing the Intersections of Health, Organizing, and Peacebuilding: A Case Study of Peacebuilding in Liberia","volume":"38","author":"Ptacek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib46","series-title":"The Political and Social Economy of Care in a Development Context: Conceptual Issues, Research Questions and Policy Options,","author":"Razavi","year":"2007"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib47","article-title":"The social and political economy of care: contesting gender and class inequalities","volume":"6","author":"Razavi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Working Paper presented at the Expert Group Meeting organized by the division for the Advancement of Women (DAW), Genf"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2005.013466","article-title":"Feminism and public health ethics","volume":"32","author":"Rogers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib48","series-title":"Ebola and Post-Conflict Gender Justice: Lessons from Liberia","first-page":"37","author":"Scully","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.37773\/ees.v4i2.414","article-title":"When the \u201cfield\u201d moves online: reflections on virtual data collection during COVID-19","volume":"4","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecology, Econ. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib79","author":"Sirleaf"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2021.1896765","article-title":"More than a public health crisis: a feminist political economic analysis of COVID-19","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Publ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/136455700405172","article-title":"Using and analysing focus groups: limitations and possibilities","volume":"3","author":"Smithson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib66","series-title":"Healthcare","first-page":"233","article-title":"Feminist political economy of health: Current perspectives and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Syed","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib64","series-title":"Organizations, Communication, and Health","first-page":"384","article-title":"Community Acceptance Theory In The Shadow of Ebola","author":"Taylor","year":"2018"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.46827\/ejes.v7i11.3336","article-title":"Online data collection as adaptation in conducting quantitative and qualitative research during the Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"7","author":"Torrentira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib58","first-page":"151","article-title":"Domestic labor revisited","author":"Vogel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40794-020-00129-9","article-title":"COVID-19 in comparison with other emerging viral diseases: risk of geographic spread via travel","volume":"7","author":"Wilder-Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Dis., Travel Med. Vaccines"}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953624010633?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953624010633?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T19:29:22Z","timestamp":1738006162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953624010633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0277953624010633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Similar health emergencies, different commitments: Comparative strategies to end Ebola and COVID-19 in \u201cpost-conflict\u201d Liberia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117609","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117609"}}