{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:47:38Z","timestamp":1790912858591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000088","name":"National Science Foundation Directorate for Social Behavioral and Economic Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2144466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2144466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T18:12:46Z","timestamp":1736359966000},"page":"117679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Carceral heat exposure as harmful design: An integrative model for understanding the health impacts of heat on incarcerated people in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"367","author":[{"given":"Karina","family":"Brunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea Chau","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5246-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharat Jayram","family":"Venkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib1","series-title":"Hidden Hazards: The Impacts of Climate Change on Incarcerated People in California state Prisons","first-page":"1","author":"Abdala","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib2","series-title":"Climate cages: connecting migration, the carceral state, extinction rebellion, and the coronavirus through Cicero and 21 savage","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prison health care, political choice, and the accidental death penalty","volume":"11","author":"Alexander","year":"2008","journal-title":"Univ. Penn. J. Consititut. Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib4","series-title":"Captive Labor: Exploitation of Incarcerated Workers","year":"2022"},{"issue":"201","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.60095\/AAWL1989","article-title":"A song of ice and fire: the climate crisis inside America's prisons","volume":"54","author":"Badyal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Seton Hall Law Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib8","author":"Ball"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05095-y","article-title":"Examining racial disparity in psychotic disorders related ambulatory care visits: an observational study using national ambulatory medical care survey 2010\u20132015","volume":"23","author":"Bazargan-Hejazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib10","author":"Berger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib11","series-title":"America\u2019s toxic prisons: the environmental injustices of mass incarceration","author":"Bernd","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2384","article-title":"Lungs in a warming world: climate change and respiratory health","volume":"143","author":"Bernstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib13","author":"Blackmon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib14","author":"Bluth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-7899-1-3","article-title":"Incarceration as a catalyst for worsening health","volume":"1","author":"Brinkley-Rubinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Just."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib17","author":"Brown","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib18","author":"Brown","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib19","series-title":"Video: climate and punishment","author":"Brown","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib21","author":"California Health Policy Strategies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib22","series-title":"Cooking Them to Death\u201d: the Lethal Toll of Hot Prisons","author":"Chammah","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-071521-034016","article-title":"Public health and prisons: priorities in the age of mass incarceration","volume":"44","author":"Cloud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib25","author":"Collier"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib26","first-page":"638","article-title":"Thermal (in)equity and incarceration: a necessary nexus for geographers","volume":"6","author":"Colucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Plann.: Nat. Space"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib27","author":"Crosby"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib28","author":"Cunningham"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib29","series-title":"Abolition Democracy: beyond Empire, Prisons, and Torture","author":"Davis","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib30","series-title":"The Land of Open Graves: Living and Dying on the Migrant Trail","author":"De Le\u00f3n","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib31","author":"Dixon"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-86-7-937","article-title":"Heat mortality versus cold mortality: a study of conflicting databases in the United States","volume":"86","author":"Dixon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib33","series-title":"The effects of heat on older adults","author":"Dutchen","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10301","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01208-3","article-title":"Hot weather and heat extremes: health risks","volume":"398","author":"Ebi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib35","author":"Edwards"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib36","series-title":"Climate Science in Adaptation Litigation","author":"Elkin","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib37","series-title":"The Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African","author":"Equiano","year":"1837"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1098292","article-title":"The weaponization of medicine: early psychosis in the Black community and the need for racially informed mental healthcare","volume":"14","author":"Faber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib39","series-title":"Tranquil Prisons: Chemical Incarceration under Community Treatment Orders","first-page":"232","author":"Fabris","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib40","series-title":"Disability Incarcerated","first-page":"185","article-title":"Chemical constraint: experiences of psychiatric coercion, restraint, and detention as Carceratory techniques","author":"Fabris","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2012.05.001","article-title":"Prisons, prisoners and disaster","volume":"1","author":"Gaillard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201800223","article-title":"A naturalistic study of racial disparities in diagnoses at an outpatient behavioral health clinic","volume":"70","author":"Gara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib45","series-title":"Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California","author":"Gilmore","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib46","unstructured":"Graves v. Arpaio, 48. F. Supp. 3d 1318(D. Ariz. 2014) (No. CV 77-479-PHX-NVW). Plaintiffs' Additional Facts\/Proposed Findings of Fact in Opposition to Defendants' Motion to terminate.https:\/\/www.acluaz.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/2177%20Pls%20Additional%20Facts%20in%20Opp%20to%20Defs%20Motion%20to%20Terminate%2011.27.13.pdf.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib47","author":"Green"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib48","series-title":"No escape: exposure to toxic coal waste at state correctional institution Fayette","author":"Grote","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib6","unstructured":"H.B. 181, 2024 Leg. Sess (Fla. 2024) https:\/\/www.flsenate.gov\/Session\/Bill\/2024\/181\/BillText\/Filed\/PDF."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib49","unstructured":"H.R. 1355, 88th Leg., Reg. Sess. (Tex. 2023), https:\/\/capitol.texas.gov\/tlodocs\/88R\/billtext\/html\/HB01355I.htm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-014-1563-z","article-title":"Rising heat wave trends in large US cities","volume":"76","author":"Habeeb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib51","first-page":"9","article-title":"Abolition","volume":"vol. 8","author":"Haley","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib52","series-title":"Silent Cells","author":"Hatch","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib53","series-title":"Incarceration and Poverty in the United States","author":"Hayes","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib54","first-page":"647","article-title":"Toxic confinement: can the Eighth Amendment protect prisoners from human-made environmental health hazards notes and comments","volume":"110","author":"Helppie-Schmieder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Northwest. Univ. Law Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/cli8010012","article-title":"The effects of historical housing policies on resident exposure to intra-urban heat: a study of 108 US Urban Areas","volume":"8","author":"Hoffman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Climate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib56","series-title":"Heat in US prisons and jails: corrections and the challenge of climate change","author":"Holt","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154731","article-title":"Ambient temperatures associated with increased risk of motor vehicle crashes in New York and Chicago","volume":"830","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e352","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00080-3","article-title":"COVID-19, conflict, climate change, and the human rights of people living in African prisons","volume":"7","author":"Hout","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib59","author":"Hutchful"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/1362480615576270","article-title":"The paradox of the \u2018green\u2019 prison: sustaining the environment or sustaining the penal complex?","volume":"19","author":"Jewkes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theor. Criminol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-010-9552-3","article-title":"An evaluation of the progress in reducing heat-related human mortality in major U.S. cities","volume":"56","author":"Kalkstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib62","series-title":"Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago","author":"Klinenberg","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib63","series-title":"\u2018Concrete Coffins\u2019: How People Struggle with Extreme Heat behind Bars","author":"Lartey","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib65","article-title":"Staff shortages in prisons and jails highlight opportunities for decarceration","author":"LeMasters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Affairs Forefront"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib66","first-page":"143","article-title":"Climate change and the threat to U.S. jails and prisons","volume":"33","author":"Levenson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Villanova Environ. Law J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib67","author":"Livingston"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071515","article-title":"Possible biological mechanisms linking mental health and heat: a contemplative review","volume":"15","author":"Lohmus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12801","article-title":"Review of Carceral State studies and applications","volume":"14","author":"Martensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sociol. Compass"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/14624745211024339","article-title":"The politics of prison air: breath, smell, and wind in Myanmar prisons","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Punishm. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib71","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thermal conductivity measurements of nanomaterials","volume":"105","author":"Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theses and Dissertations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib72","series-title":"Medical Problems Reported by Prisoners","author":"Maruschak","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib73","series-title":"Heat is part of life at Texas prisons, but federal judge orders one to cool it","author":"McCullough","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib74","first-page":"1613","article-title":"Envisioning abolition democracy","volume":"132","author":"McLeod","year":"2019","journal-title":"Harv. Law Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib75","series-title":"The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease","author":"Metzl","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib128","unstructured":"Moore v. Monahan, No. 10-1995 (7th Cir. 2011). https:\/\/law.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/appellate-courts\/ca7\/10-1955\/10-1955-2011-04-13-nonprecedential-disposition-2011-04-13.html."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.5194\/gh-69-345-2014","article-title":"\u201cGreen\u201d prisons: rethinking the \u201csustainability\u201d of the carceral estate","volume":"69","author":"Moran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geograph. Helv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib77","series-title":"Developing a Heat-Related Social Vulnerability Index for Correctional Facilities","author":"Morganelli","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib78","first-page":"2","article-title":"Drug formularies in correctional settings","volume":"48","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Psychiatry Law"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2015.1137513","article-title":"Climate change and its impact on the incarcerated population: a descriptive review","volume":"31","author":"Motanya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Work. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1215\/01642472-22-2_79-101","article-title":"The university and the undercommons","volume":"22","author":"Moten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soc. Text"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601555","article-title":"Nighttime temperature and human sleep loss in a changing climate","volume":"3","author":"Obradovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2024GH001108","article-title":"Spatiotemporal facility\u2010level patterns of summer heat exposure, vulnerability, and risk in United States prison landscapes","volume":"8","author":"Ovienmhada","year":"2024","journal-title":"GeoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib83","article-title":"Inmates with heat-sensitive health conditions: surveying Prisoner litigation in the age of climate change","author":"Palacios","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crim. Justice Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15344\/2456-351X\/2017\/140","article-title":"Environmental inequalities and the U.S. prison system: an urgent research agenda","volume":"2","author":"Pellow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib85","first-page":"1","article-title":"Political prisoners and environmental justice","volume":"29","author":"Pellow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Econ. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/anti.12569","article-title":"Struggles for environmental justice in US prisons and jails","volume":"53","author":"Pellow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antipode"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2024.307571","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure risks in US Carceral facilities, 2022","volume":"114","author":"Poirier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305470","article-title":"Connecting the dots between mass incarceration, health inequity, and climate change","volume":"110","author":"Prins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib90","unstructured":"Prison Policy Initiative (n.d). 50 state incarceration profiles. Prison Policy Initiative. https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/profiles\/."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1089\/env.2021.0020","article-title":"No justice, no resilience: prison abolition as disaster mitigation in an era of climate change","volume":"14","author":"Purdum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib93","series-title":"Extreme Temperatures and COVID 19 in Texas Prisons","author":"Purdum","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib127","author":"Raher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib95","author":"Sansing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib94","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prison abolition as an ecosocialist struggle","volume":"23","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Econ. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib96","series-title":"Map Shows at Least 44 States Lack Universal Air Conditioning in Their Prisons","author":"Santucci","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib97","first-page":"161","article-title":"Beyond emissions: migration, prisons, and the green new deal","volume":"51","author":"Sassman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib98","series-title":"The Steep Cost of Medical Co-pays in Prison Puts Health at Risk","author":"Sawyer","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib99","series-title":"Mass Incarceration: the Whole Pie 2024 | Prison Policy Initiative","author":"Sawyer","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090142","article-title":"Biomarkers of heatstroke\u2010induced organ injury and repair","volume":"10","author":"Schlader","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib101","author":"Seiter"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12819","article-title":"Naturalizing unnatural death in Los Angeles County jails","volume":"38","author":"Shapiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Anthropol. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib103","author":"Shriro"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305453","article-title":"An overlooked crisis: extreme temperature exposures in incarceration settings","volume":"110","author":"Skarha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.39849","article-title":"Provision of air conditioning and heat-related mortality in Texas prisons","volume":"5","author":"Skarha","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281389","article-title":"Heat-related mortality in U.S. state and private prisons: a case-crossover analysis","volume":"18","author":"Skarha","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib108","author":"Sullivan"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370811413804","article-title":"A typology of prison officer approaches to care","volume":"8","author":"Tait","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Criminol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/07393148.2017.1417213","article-title":"What is the problem with high prison temperatures? From the threat to health to the right to comfort","volume":"40","author":"Terwiel","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Polit. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib112","series-title":"Cruel and Unusual? the Lethal Toll of Hot Prisons and Climate Change [Video]","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib113","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prisons, policing, and pollution: Toward an abolitionist framework within environmental justice","volume":"185","author":"Thompson","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib114","author":"Tiede"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib115","series-title":"Extreme Heat Is Turning Prisons into Ovens","author":"Toussaint","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-024-01293-y","article-title":"Hazardous heat exposure among incarcerated people in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Tuholske","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib130","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Extreme heat. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/climate-change-health-equity-environmental-justice\/climate-change-health-equity\/climate-health-outlook\/extreme-heat\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib120","series-title":"Chronic Punishment: the Unmet Health Needs of People in State Prisons","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib121","series-title":"Heat, Floods, Pests, Disease, and Death: what Climate Change Means for People in Prison","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib122","volume":"XLI","year":"2024","journal-title":"Register"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12294","article-title":"Medicines can affect thermoregulation and accentuate the risk of dehydration and heat-related illness during hot weather","volume":"40","author":"Westaway","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Therapeut."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.4158\/EP09344.RA","article-title":"Managing diabetes in the heat: potential issues and concerns","volume":"16","author":"Westphal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.9.1515","article-title":"Mortality in Chicago attributed to the July 1995 heat wave","volume":"87","author":"Whitman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib126","series-title":"The Aging Prison Population: Causes, Costs, and Consequences","author":"Widra","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679_bib24","unstructured":"Yates v. Collier, 868 F.3d 354 (5th Cir. 2017)https:\/\/casetext.com\/case\/yates-v-collier-1."}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953625000085?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953625000085?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:46:47Z","timestamp":1777337207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953625000085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["S0277953625000085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carceral heat exposure as harmful design: An integrative model for understanding the health impacts of heat on incarcerated people in the United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117679","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117679"}}