{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:31:26Z","timestamp":1783107086180,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2028,5,3]],"date-time":"2028-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1840924800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1037,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18ls0110002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18ls0110002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18le0110009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18le0110009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP17dk0110017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17dk0110017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18dk0110027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18dk0110027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007312","name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["29\\u201342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["29\\u201342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15H01972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H01972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H03164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H03164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H00449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H00449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H28-Choju-Ippan-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H28-Choju-Ippan-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22FA1010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22FA1010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22FA2001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22FA2001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:58:15Z","timestamp":1745413095000},"page":"118093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gender, socioeconomic, and built environment differences in the association of participation in an incentivized walking program with physical and social activity: A prospective cohort study among older adults in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"377","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8359-6118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8418-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koryu","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1243-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimihiro","family":"Hino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6425-6844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7663","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23018","article-title":"Large-scale physical activity data reveal worldwide activity inequality","volume":"547","author":"Althoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100451","article-title":"Copenhagen Consensus statement 2019: physical activity and ageing","volume":"53","author":"Bangsbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1054","article-title":"Social isolation and loneliness in older adults\u2014a mental health\/public health challenge","volume":"77","author":"Blazer","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","article-title":"World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Bull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114560","article-title":"Neighborhood built environment associated with cognition and dementia risk among older adults: a systematic literature review","volume":"292","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby037","article-title":"The epidemiology of social isolation: national health and aging trends study","volume":"75","author":"Cudjoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gerontol.: Series B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib7","series-title":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.4000","article-title":"Prospective associations of daily step counts and intensity with cancer and cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality and all-cause mortality","volume":"182","author":"del Pozo Cruz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30383-X","article-title":"The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases","volume":"388","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108077","article-title":"Nature contact and general health: testing multiple serial mediation pathways with data from adults in 18 countries","volume":"178","author":"Elliott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib11","first-page":"734","article-title":"Effectiveness of walking point projects with incentives for walking time, physical function, and depression among older people: inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity scores","volume":"67","author":"Fujihara","year":"2020","journal-title":"[Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.11.011","article-title":"A trial of financial and social incentives to increase older adults' walking","volume":"52","author":"Harkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib13","article-title":"Does urban density promote social interaction? Evidence from instrumental variable estimation","volume":"42","author":"Hawley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Reg. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.564533","article-title":"Everyday walking among older adults and the neighborhood built environment: a comparison between two cities in north America","volume":"8","author":"Herbolsheimer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124247","article-title":"Three-year longitudinal association between built environmental factors and decline in older adults' step count: gaining insights for age-friendly urban planning and design","volume":"17","author":"Hino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.02.002","article-title":"Walking-friendly built environments and objectively measured physical function in older adults","volume":"9","author":"Koohsari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sport and Health Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib17","author":"Mayer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab076","article-title":"New horizons in falls prevention and management for older adults: a global initiative","volume":"50","author":"Montero-Odasso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-020-01488-y","article-title":"Physical activity barriers according to social stratification in Europe","volume":"65","author":"Moreno-Llamas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2023.101608","article-title":"Changes in the residents' step counts before and after a railway improvement project","volume":"30","author":"Morita","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transport Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib21","first-page":"83","article-title":"Scoring protocol for calculation of total energy expenditure by physical activity questionnaires used in Japanese cohort studies","volume":"19","author":"Nakata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Exer. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib22","series-title":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.106964","article-title":"Economics of sedentary behaviour: a systematic review of cost of illness, cost-effectiveness, and return on investment studies","volume":"156","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07742-8","article-title":"Patterns of healthcare utilization and spending among homebound older adults in the USA: an observational study","volume":"38","author":"Oseroff","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.15231","article-title":"Sedentary behavior and incident dementia among older adults","volume":"330","author":"Raichlen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2206931119","article-title":"Leisure-time sedentary behaviors are differentially associated with all-cause dementia regardless of engagement in physical activity","volume":"119","author":"Raichlen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01284-2","article-title":"Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: a cross-sectional study","volume":"387","author":"Sallis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00464-8","article-title":"The cost of inaction on physical inactivity to public health-care systems: a population-attributable fraction analysis","volume":"11","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20170129","article-title":"Simultaneous validation of seven physical activity questionnaires used in Japanese cohorts for estimating energy expenditure: a doubly labeled water study","volume":"28","author":"Sasai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14467","article-title":"Two\u2010year mortality in homebound older adults: an analysis of the national health and aging trends study","volume":"65","author":"Soones","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5797","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219686110","article-title":"Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women","volume":"110","author":"Steptoe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20200154","article-title":"Do community social capital and built environment associate with homebound in older adults? The JAGES niigata study","volume":"32","author":"Tsubokawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1281-9","article-title":"Causal inference and longitudinal data: a case study of religion and mental health","volume":"51","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatr. Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795362500423X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795362500423X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:33:53Z","timestamp":1777545233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027795362500423X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S027795362500423X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender, socioeconomic, and built environment differences in the association of participation in an incentivized walking program with physical and social activity: A prospective cohort study among older adults in Japan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118093","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118093"}}