{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:51:09Z","timestamp":1791607869616,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013304","name":"Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T06:00:26Z","timestamp":1756101626000},"page":"118505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The hidden burden: Understanding the causal link between menstrual health and hygiene and mental health outcomes in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"384","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-6573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karan","family":"Babbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib1","article-title":"Reproductive tract infections\/sexually transmitted infections in rural Haryana","volume":"31","author":"Acharya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J. Community Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3362\/1756-3488.18-00032","article-title":"Menstrual hygiene management and reproductive tract infections: a comparison between rural and urban India","volume":"38","author":"Almeida-Velasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Waterlines"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208260","article-title":"Practice and lived experience of menstrual exiles (Chhaupadi) among adolescent girls in far-western Nepal","volume":"13","author":"Amatya","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01223-7","article-title":"Effects of sanitary pad distribution and reproductive health education on upper primary school attendance and reproductive health knowledge and attitudes in Kenya: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Austrian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"issue":"Suppl. ment_3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib5","article-title":"Taboos and myths as a mediator of the relationship between menstrual practices and menstrual health","volume":"31","author":"Babbar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0290350","article-title":"What sociodemographic factors support disposable vs. sustainable menstrual choices? Evidence from India's National Family Health Survey-5","volume":"18","author":"Babbar","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00212-7","article-title":"Menstrual health is a public health and human rights issue","volume":"7","author":"Babbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2019.1583267","article-title":"Assessing the role of caste\/ethnicity in predicting menstrual knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Nepal","volume":"14","author":"Baumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practice of menstrual hygiene and associated factors among adolescent school girls in dang district, Nepal","volume":"2020","author":"Bhusal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2017-101908","article-title":"Menstrual restriction prevalence and association with intimate partner violence among Nepali women","volume":"45","author":"Cardoso","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-020-01149-5","article-title":"Period poverty and mental health implications among college-aged women in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Cardoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2018.06.005","article-title":"The association between women's sanitation experiences and mental health: a cross-sectional study in Rural, Odisha India","volume":"5","author":"Caruso","year":"2018","journal-title":"SSM - Population Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reconceptualizing menstrual health and hygiene among young women in India","volume":"3","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Women\u2019s Health 2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.887147","article-title":"This is a natural process': managing menstrual stigma in Nepal","volume":"16","author":"Crawford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cult. Health Sex."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2012.740112","article-title":"Emotional and psychosocial aspects of menstrual poverty in resource-poor settings: a qualitative study of the experiences of adolescent girls in an informal settlement in nairobi","volume":"34","author":"Crichton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130777","article-title":"Menstrual hygiene practices, WASH access and the risk of urogenital infection in women from Odisha, India","volume":"10","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.33314\/jnhrc.v19i04.4017","article-title":"A nationwide prevalence of common mental disorders and suicidality in Nepal: evidence from national mental health survey, 2019-2020","volume":"19","author":"Dhimal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib21","first-page":"e61","article-title":"The burden of mental disorders in Nepal between 1990 and 2019: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"10","author":"Dhungana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cambridge Prisms: Global Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.11.078","article-title":"Women's experience of intimate partner violence in Haiti","volume":"61","author":"Gage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2022.2070625","article-title":"Period poverty and mental health in times of Covid-19 in France","volume":"44","author":"Gouvernet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib26","article-title":"Nepal's mental health crisis","author":"Joshi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kathmandu Post"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib27","article-title":"Chhaupadi practice in Nepal & ndash; analysis of ethical aspects","volume":"53","author":"Kadariya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicolegal Bioeth."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib28","first-page":"111","article-title":"Breaking taboos: menstruation, female subordination and reproductive health, the case of India","volume":"2018","author":"Karki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insights Anthropology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_197_23","article-title":"Insights on historical milestones of mental health in Nepal: country profile","volume":"65","author":"Khanal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02494-x","article-title":"Menstruation hygiene management among secondary school students of Chitwan, Nepal:a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Khanal","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib32","article-title":"The importance of mental health in Nepalese Context","author":"Limbu","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Himalayan"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-014-0030-5","article-title":"Mental health care in Nepal: current situation and challenges for development of a district mental health care plan","volume":"9","author":"Luitel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Conflict Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220114","article-title":"\u201cIt's like a burden on the head\u201d: redefining adequate menstrual hygiene management throughout women's varied life stages in Odisha, India","volume":"14","author":"MacRae","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02328-w","article-title":"Period poverty and mental health in a representative sample of young women in Barcelona, Spain","volume":"23","author":"Mar\u00ed-Klose","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib37","article-title":"Period poverty: why it should be everybody's business","volume":"6","author":"Michel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-020-00935-6","article-title":"Perception and practices of menstruation restrictions among urban adolescent girls and women in Nepal: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"17","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib41","series-title":"Infrastructure Development Standards 2074","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.5031","article-title":"Menstrual needs and associations with sexual and reproductive risks in rural Kenyan females: a cross-sectional behavioral survey linked with HIV prevalence","volume":"24","author":"Phillips-Howard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Wom. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013229","article-title":"Menstrual cups and sanitary pads to reduce school attrition, and sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections: a cluster randomised controlled feasibility study in rural Western Kenya","volume":"6","author":"Phillips-Howard","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2015.10.002","article-title":"Chaupadi: the affliction of menses in Nepal","volume":"1","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Women\u2019s Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib46","article-title":"Period poverty and mental health of menstruators during COVID-19 pandemic: lessons and implications for the future","volume":"4","author":"Rohatgi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Global Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1101100202","article-title":"Fitting fully observed recursive mixed-process models with cmp","volume":"11","author":"Roodman","year":"2011","journal-title":"STATA J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib48","first-page":"117","article-title":"Knowledge and practices regarding menstruation among school going adolescents of rural Nepal","volume":"2","author":"Sapkota","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Kathmandu Med Coll"},{"issue":"S","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S317","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.1222-12707R2","article-title":"Improving mental health of adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"59","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hum. Resour."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01456-0","article-title":"Systematic review of menstrual health and hygiene in Nepal employing a social ecological model","volume":"19","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2021.1965983","article-title":"A cross-sectional study on prevalence of menstrual problems, lifestyle, mental health, and PCOS awareness among rural and urban population of Punjab, India","volume":"43","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2024.03.007","article-title":"Depression and anxiety status among informal caregivers of patients with cancer treated at selected tertiary hospitals in Nepal","volume":"19","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib53","series-title":"The Effects of Period Poverty on Women Around the World","author":"Shoell","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14622-7","article-title":"Menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent women in rural India: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301374","article-title":"Overcoming the taboo: advancing the global agenda for menstrual hygiene management for schoolgirls","volume":"103","author":"Sommer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302525","article-title":"Comfortably, safely, and without shame: defining menstrual hygiene management as a public health issue","volume":"105","author":"Sommer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062004","article-title":"A systematic review of the health and social effects of menstrual hygiene management","volume":"8","author":"Sumpter","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256968","article-title":"A harmful religio-cultural practice (Chhaupadi) during menstruation among adolescent girls in Nepal: prevalence and policies for eradication","volume":"16","author":"Thakuri","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3384-2","article-title":"Association between unhygienic menstrual management practices and prevalence of lower reproductive tract infections: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Odisha, India","volume":"18","author":"Torondel","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib63","series-title":"Menstrual Hygiene in Schools in South Asia: Synthesis Report","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib66","series-title":"Policy Reforms for Dignity, Equality, and Menstrual Health","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib67","series-title":"Mental Disorders","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3126\/jnhrc.v15i3.18842","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practice on menstrual hygiene management among school adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Yadav","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Nepal Health Research Council"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/00220388.2023.2252139","article-title":"Bleeding at the margins: Understanding period poverty among SC and ST women using decomposition analysis","volume":"60","author":"Babbar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dev. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00380385251322118","article-title":"Negotiating choice: unpacking the linkages between women's relative resources and contraceptive decision making in India","author":"Babbar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib16","first-page":"319","article-title":"Students' perceptions and doubts about menstruation in developing countries: a case study from India","volume":"15","author":"Chothe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journals.Sagepub.Com"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(05)26191-8","article-title":"Menstrual hygiene among adolescent schoolgirls in Mansoura, Egypt","volume":"13","author":"El-Gilany","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod. Health Matters"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib35","article-title":"Women empowerment and its relation with health seeking behavior in Bangladesh","volume":"9","author":"Mainuddin","year":"2015","journal-title":"In Journal of Family and Reproductive Health jfrh.tums.ac.ir"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib40","first-page":"225","article-title":"Puberty rituals, reproductive knowledge and health of adolescent schoolgirls in South India","volume":"16","author":"Narayan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Popul. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2024.101416","article-title":"Power to choose? Examining the link between contraceptive use decision and domestic violence","author":"Ojha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Econ. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/13552074.2017.1349867","article-title":"Introduction: gender and water, sanitation and hygiene","volume":"25","author":"Sweetman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gend. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib64","series-title":"MHH Brief - Beliefs and Cultural Norms","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505_bib65","series-title":"Menstrual Health and Hygiene","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953625008366?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953625008366?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:27:42Z","timestamp":1780115262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953625008366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S0277953625008366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The hidden burden: Understanding the causal link between menstrual health and hygiene and mental health outcomes in Nepal","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118505","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118505"}}