{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:21:06Z","timestamp":1791336066634,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789257600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":316,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006733","name":"Indiana University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG076032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG076032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T14:52:56Z","timestamp":1757170376000},"page":"118567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The role of stress proliferation in linking childhood stressors to accelerated biological aging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"384","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7596-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maleah","family":"Fekete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8496-4031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Ciciurkaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-017-0973-3","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications of gene expression by lifestyle and environment","volume":"40","author":"Abdul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Pharm. Res. (Seoul)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(00)89046-0","article-title":"Environmental stress and psychiatric illness","volume":"54","author":"Agid","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/03-089","article-title":"Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and indicators of impaired adult worker performance","volume":"8","author":"Anda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Perm. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/2137036","article-title":"Stressful life events and depressive symptoms: disaggregating the effects of acute stressors and chronic strains","volume":"29","author":"Avison","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.28.1.041","article-title":"Can biomarkers of biological age be used to assess cumulative lifetime experience?","volume":"28","author":"Bateson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-011-0069-3","article-title":"Systematic self-report bias in health data: impact on estimating cross-sectional and treatment effects","volume":"11","author":"Bauhoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Serv. Outcome Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73420","article-title":"DunedinPACE, a DNA methylation biomarker of the pace of aging","volume":"11","author":"Belsky","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1506264112","article-title":"Quantification of biological aging in young adults","volume":"112","author":"Belsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000256","article-title":"The association between adverse childhood experience (ACE) and school success in elementary school children","volume":"33","author":"Blodgett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sch. Psychol. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.03.007","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences to adult adversity trends among parents: socioeconomic, health, and developmental implications","volume":"100","author":"Borja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.02.008","article-title":"The role of perceived stress and life stressors in the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Buscemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-102857","article-title":"Ten surprising facts about stressful life events and disease risk","volume":"70","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2019.08.006","article-title":"Challenges to school success and the role of adverse childhood experiences","volume":"19","author":"Crouch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Academic Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2024.100774","article-title":"Multi-discrimination exposure and biological aging: results from the midlife in the United States study","volume":"39","author":"Cuevas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity \u2013 Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.08.019","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease","volume":"106","author":"Danese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007","article-title":"The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity","volume":"35","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.869337","article-title":"Family and academic stress and their impact on students' depression level and academic performance","volume":"13","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350140051025","article-title":"Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire","volume":"252","author":"Ewing","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031808","article-title":"Cumulative risk and child development","volume":"139","author":"Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnp034","article-title":"Aging and cumulative inequality: how does inequality get under the skin?","volume":"49","author":"Ferraro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00050-2","article-title":"Revisiting the theoretical and methodological foundations of depression measurement","volume":"1","author":"Fried","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.05.017","article-title":"Acute stress and subsequent health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"112","author":"Garfin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.53.3-4.279","article-title":"Epigenetic influence of stress and the social environment","volume":"53","author":"Gudsnuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.09.014","article-title":"Measuring the relationships between adverse childhood experiences and educational and employment success in England and Wales: findings from a retrospective Study","volume":"165","author":"Hardcastle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.27889","article-title":"Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and epigenetic aging in US young Adults: NIMHD social Epigenomics Program","volume":"7","author":"Harris","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1007\/s10834-021-09796-y","article-title":"The link between adverse childhood experiences and financial security in adulthood","volume":"43","author":"Harter","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fam. Econ. Issues"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-024-00496-0","article-title":"Childhood adversity, accelerated GrimAge, and associated health consequences","volume":"47","author":"Harvanek","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.11.005","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in middle childhood","volume":"67","author":"Hunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12349","article-title":"DNA methylation and healthy human aging","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.03.005","article-title":"Modeling life course pathways from adverse childhood experiences to adult mental health","volume":"80","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13779","article-title":"The association between adverse childhood experiences and epigenetic age acceleration in the Canadian longitudinal Study on aging (CLSA)","volume":"22","author":"Joshi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650604700102","article-title":"Financial strain over the life course and health among older adults","volume":"47","author":"Kahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.17987","article-title":"Association of adverse childhood experiences with accelerated epigenetic aging in midlife","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00746-8","article-title":"The multiple roles of life stress in metabolic disorders","volume":"19","author":"Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s44271-024-00145-x","article-title":"More adverse childhood experiences are associated with increased social thinning and severe psychological distress","volume":"2","author":"Koyama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Communications Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13621","article-title":"The power of family? Family social capital and the risk of externalising behaviours among youth with multiple childhood adversities","volume":"45","author":"Kysar-Moon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.3064","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, low self-esteem, and salient stimulus response in eating disorders","volume":"32","author":"Lagan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600305","article-title":"Stress, life events, and socioeconomic disparities in health: results from the Americans\u2019 Changing Lives Study","volume":"46","author":"Lantz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X211045511","article-title":"A regression-with-residuals method for analyzing causal mediation: the rwrmed package","volume":"21","author":"Linden","year":"2021","journal-title":"STATA J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1037\/cdp0000598","article-title":"Stress proliferation in ethnoracial disparities of mental health among U.S. sexual minority adults","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cult. Divers Ethnic Minor. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0554-1","article-title":"Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatr. Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-022-01295-7","article-title":"Cardiovascular health and four epigenetic clocks","volume":"14","author":"Lo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-014-0358-0","article-title":"Life course associations between victimization and aggression: distinct and cumulative contributions","volume":"32","author":"Logan-Greene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Soc. Work. J."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib49","first-page":"9484","article-title":"DNA methylation GrimAge version 2","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114405","article-title":"Cumulative stress: a general \u201cs\u201d factor in the structure of stress","volume":"289","author":"Mann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5767-0","article-title":"Stress begets stress: the association of adverse childhood experiences with psychological distress in the presence of adult life stress","volume":"18","author":"Manyema","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116990","article-title":"Associations between epigenetic age acceleration and longitudinal measures of psychosocioeconomic stress and status","volume":"352","author":"Markon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-052020-105613","article-title":"Understanding health inequalities through the lens of social epigenetics","volume":"43","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-014629","article-title":"Environmental influences on the epigenome: Exposure- Associated DNA methylation in human populations","volume":"39","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105643","article-title":"Early life adversity and age acceleration at mid-life and older ages indexed using the next-generation GrimAge and Pace of Aging epigenetic clocks","volume":"137","author":"McCrory","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2022.100426","article-title":"Connecting the biology of stress, allostatic load and epigenetics to social structures and processes","volume":"17","author":"McEwen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105821","article-title":"Associations between exposure to adverse childhood experiences and biological aging: evidence from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"142","author":"Mian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024768","article-title":"Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: moving toward a model of behavioral and biological mechanisms","volume":"137","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib60","series-title":"Excessive Stress Disrupts the Architecture of the Developing Brain: Working Paper 3 (Updated Ed.)","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.03.008","article-title":"Life course pathways of adverse childhood experiences toward adult psychological Well-Being: a stress process analysis","volume":"45","author":"Nurius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib63","first-page":"241","article-title":"Stress pathways to health inequalities: embedding ACEs within social and behavioral contexts","volume":"8","author":"Nurius","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Public Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101348","article-title":"A systematic review of biological, social and environmental factors associated with epigenetic clock acceleration","volume":"69","author":"Oblak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.10.020","article-title":"Psychosocial stress and epigenetic aging","volume":"150","author":"Palma-Gudiel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2307\/2955368","article-title":"The forms and mechanisms of stress proliferation: the case of AIDS caregivers","volume":"38","author":"Pearlin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600206","article-title":"Stress, health, and the life course: some conceptual perspectives","volume":"46","author":"Pearlin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2020.03.005","article-title":"Reducing senescent cell burden in aging and disease","volume":"26","author":"Pignolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241246758","article-title":"Association between adverse childhood experiences and academic performance among children and adolescents: a global meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201800077","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences run deep: toxic early life stress, telomeres, and mitochondrial DNA copy number, the biological markers of cumulative stress","volume":"40","author":"Ridout","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad172","article-title":"Associations of early-life adversity with later-life epigenetic aging profiles in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"192","author":"Schmitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib73","article-title":"The associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with substance use in young adults: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Sebalo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Res. Treat."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.754","article-title":"Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention","volume":"301","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib76","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Integrative Health Science","first-page":"75","article-title":"Cumulative stress and health","author":"Slopen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-020-09337-y","article-title":"Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurodev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.07.028","article-title":"The association between academic pressure and adolescent mental health problems: a systematic review","volume":"339","author":"Steare","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12507","article-title":"Annual research review: enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect","volume":"57","author":"Teicher","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCPP (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2307\/2626957","article-title":"Stress, coping, and social support processes: where are we? What next?","author":"Thoits","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/2156869313488121","article-title":"Understanding health disparities: the relevance of the stress process model","volume":"3","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.02.026","article-title":"Childhood adversity and adult health: evaluating intervening mechanisms","volume":"156","author":"Turner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2307\/2096348","article-title":"The epidemiology of social stress","volume":"60","author":"Turner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12414","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.206098","article-title":"A systematic review of phenotypic and epigenetic clocks used for aging and mortality quantification in humans","volume":"16","author":"Warner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib87","series-title":"A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health","first-page":"171","article-title":"Stressors, stress, and distress","author":"Wheaton","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.008","article-title":"A blood biomarker of the pace of aging is associated with brain structure: replication across three cohorts","volume":"136","author":"Whitman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146519868842","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, early and nonmarital fertility, and women's health at midlife","volume":"60","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953625008986?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953625008986?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:22:28Z","timestamp":1780114948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953625008986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0277953625008986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of stress proliferation in linking childhood stressors to accelerated biological aging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118567","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118567"}}