{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:51:21Z","timestamp":1787597481867,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015709","name":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015709","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015550","name":"Ministry of Health, Uganda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012056","name":"Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T15:10:26Z","timestamp":1764515426000},"page":"118846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Social capital and uptake of primary healthcare during protracted displacement: Evidence from four refugee settlements in northern Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"391","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0259-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Vollmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9383-0411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Anguyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8189-0732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjali","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6575-6592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Valadez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/jrs\/fen016","article-title":"Understanding integration: a conceptual framework","volume":"21","author":"Ager","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Refug. Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/jrs\/feaa001","article-title":"Social capital\u2019s role in humanitarian crises","volume":"34","author":"Aldrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Refug."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15453\/0191-5096.3450","article-title":"A mixed methods analysis of social capital of Liberian refugee women in Ghana","volume":"36","author":"Boateng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sociol. Soc. Welfare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/15562948.2010.522465","article-title":"Survival voices: social capital and the well-being of Liberian refugee women in Ghana","volume":"8","author":"Boateng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immigr. Refug. Stud."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.12.024","article-title":"Building social capital in post-conflict communities: evidence from Nicaragua","volume":"68","author":"Brune","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1979972","article-title":"Civil war, social capital and market development: experimental and survey evidence on the negative consequences of violence","author":"Cassar","year":"2011","journal-title":"SSRN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00259-8","article-title":"Poor people, poor places, and poor health: the mediating role of social networks and social capital","volume":"52","author":"Cattell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-15-00384","article-title":"Simplified asset indices to measure wealth and equity in health programs: a reliability and validity analysis Using Survey data from 16 countries","volume":"4","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Health Sci. Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054134","article-title":"Mediating role of social capital in the association between socioeconomic status and childcare practices in rural Malawi: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1017\/S1537592718001020","article-title":"When Do the dispossessed protest? Informal leadership and mobilization in Syrian refugee camps","volume":"16","author":"Clarke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perspect. Polit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1086\/228943","article-title":"Social capital in the creation of human capital","volume":"94","author":"Coleman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib12","series-title":"Violent Conflict and the Transformation of Social Capital","author":"Colletta","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/03031853.2020.1713829","article-title":"Application of exploratory factor analysis to address the challenge of measuring social capital in a rural communal setting in South Africa","volume":"59","author":"Davenport","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agrekon"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/oep\/gpv036","article-title":"Civil war, social capital and resilience in Uganda","volume":"67","author":"De Luca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxf. Econ. Pap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2006.02.005","article-title":"Maternal social capital and child nutritional status in four developing countries","volume":"13","author":"De Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558708330428","article-title":"Social capital and health care access: a systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Derose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Care Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100425","article-title":"Social capital and health: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"8","author":"Ehsan","year":"2019","journal-title":"SSM - Population Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib18","series-title":"Exploratory Factor Analysis","author":"Fabrigar","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/0001699307077654","article-title":"The importance of different forms of social capital for health","volume":"50","author":"Ferlander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib20","series-title":"Working Paper#18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measuring social capital: an integrated questionnaire","author":"Grootaert","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/17.1.106","article-title":"Measuring social capital within health surveys: key issues","volume":"17","author":"Harpham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Pol. Plann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1108\/JHLSCM-07-2017-0034","article-title":"Approaches to the design of refugee camps","volume":"8","author":"Jahre","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib23","series-title":"Social Capital and Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social capital and health: a decade of progress and beyond","author":"Kawachi","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib24","series-title":"Social Epidemiology","article-title":"Social capital, social cohesion, and health","author":"Kawachi","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4314\/afrrev.v3i3.47522","article-title":"Social capital in situations of conflict: a case study from Cote d'ivoire","volume":"3","author":"Keho","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Research Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib26","series-title":"Cross-Cultural Measures of Social Capital: a Tool and Results from India and Panama","author":"Krishna","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib27","series-title":"Social Capital: a Theory of Social Structure and Action","author":"Lin","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.00213","article-title":"The utility of social capital in research on health determinants","volume":"79","author":"Macinko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Millbank Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1108\/IJMHSC-04-2017-0017","article-title":"Social capital, health seeking behavior and quality of life among refugees in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Marume","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Migration Health Soc Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.08.021","article-title":"Measuring dimensions of social captial. Evidence from surveys in poor communities in Nicaragua","volume":"64","author":"Mitchell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/0011392101049002006","article-title":"A dimensional approach to measuring social capital: development and validation of a social capital inventory","volume":"49","author":"Narayan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib32","article-title":"The meaning of social capital and its link to collective action","author":"Ostrom","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Res. Netw."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.24.1.1","article-title":"Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology","volume":"24","author":"Portes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib34","series-title":"Bowling Alone: the Collapse and Revival of American Community","author":"Putnam","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib35","first-page":"140","article-title":"Social capital in involuntary displacement and resettlement","volume":"5","author":"Quetulio-Navarra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Sci. Humanity Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social harmony and community wellbeing","volume":"17","author":"Rezaul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Social Work and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10887-013-9093-1","article-title":"Seeds of distrust: conflict in Uganda","volume":"18","author":"Rohner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Econ. Growth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/02602930802618344","article-title":"M. S. Consequences of including two negatively worded items in the middle of a positively worded questionnaire","volume":"35","author":"Roszkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Assess Eval. High Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2021.626002","article-title":"Maternal health care among refugees and host communities in northern Uganda: access, quality, and discrimination","volume":"2","author":"Rustad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Global Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib40","series-title":"Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice)","article-title":"A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health","author":"Solar","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315580106","article-title":"Validating the measurement of social capital in Bangladesh: a cognitive approach","volume":"25","author":"Story","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh013","article-title":"Health by association? Social capital, social theory, and the political economy of public health","volume":"33","author":"Szreter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.1.198","article-title":"A not quite as quick but much cleaner alternative to the expanded programme on immunization (EPI) cluster survey design","volume":"25","author":"Turner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib44","series-title":"Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices: Definitions and Measurement Methods","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib45","series-title":"Uganda Comprehensive Refugee Response Portal","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib46","series-title":"The Untapped Resource: Protecting and Leveraging Refugee Social Capital in Protracted Displacement","first-page":"28","author":"Uzelac","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib47","series-title":"Assessing Child Survival Programs in Developing Countries: Testing Lot Quality Assurance Sampling","author":"Valadez","year":"1991"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031289","article-title":"How well do mothers recall their own and their infants' perinatal events? A two-district study using cross-sectional stratified random sampling in Bihar, India","volume":"9","author":"Valadez","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib49","series-title":"Key Findings and Policy Implications from a two-district Household Survey","article-title":"An assessment of health service coverage in refugee and host communities in northern Uganda","author":"Vollmer","year":"2019"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib50","first-page":"2","article-title":"Breastfeeding among South Sudanese refugees in protracted settlements in Adjumani district, Uganda: facilitators and barriers","volume":"18","author":"Walters","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Breastfeed. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib51","article-title":"Evaluating the role of infrastructure components and demographics on social capital in refugee camps","volume":"36","author":"Ward","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Manag. Eng."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006884930135","article-title":"Social capital and economic development: towards a theoretical synthesis and policy framework","volume":"2","author":"Woolcock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theor. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/wbro\/15.2.225","article-title":"Social capital: implications for development theory, research, and policy","volume":"15","author":"Woolcock","year":"2000","journal-title":"World Bank Res. Obs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846_bib54","series-title":"Forcibly Displaced : toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953625011773?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953625011773?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:35:50Z","timestamp":1781771750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953625011773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0277953625011773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Social capital and uptake of primary healthcare during protracted displacement: Evidence from four refugee settlements in northern Uganda","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118846","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118846"}}