{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:08:32Z","timestamp":1791389312440,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004853","name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004853","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T16:07:23Z","timestamp":1772899643000},"page":"119160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Stratified medicalization rerouted: Lesbian women's turn to IVF as pragmatic overmedicalization amid stratified reproduction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"398","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3649-8359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez245","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technology service availability, efficacy and safety in mainland China: 2016","volume":"35","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2009.01235.x","article-title":"Beyond (financial) accessibility: inequalities within the medicalisation of infertility","volume":"32","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.005","article-title":"The margins of medicalization: diversity and context through the case of infertility","volume":"156","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12607","article-title":"The gas that fuels the engine: individuals' motivations for medicalisation","volume":"39","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib5","series-title":"Gender Before Birth: Sex Selection in a Transnational Context","author":"Bhatia","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/00380385231212398","article-title":"Biogenetic kinship in families formed via reciprocal IVF: \u201cit was [my partner]\u2019s egg. but my blood flowed through her.\u201d","volume":"58","author":"Bower-Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.70036","article-title":"Reproductive curation: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) and lesbian motherhood\u2010making","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.70019","article-title":"Bargaining with \u2018reproductive capital\u2019: multilayered stratified reproduction in the case of Taiwanese gay men seeking transnational surrogacy","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13747","article-title":"Gendering the beginning of life: taiwanese gay fathers' navigation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis\u2010assisted sex selection in transnational third\u2010party reproduction","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib10","first-page":"35","article-title":"Taiwanese gay fathers' queer family making: toward a temporal-relational path","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"LGBTQ+ Family: Interdisc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib12","series-title":"Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Health, and Illness in the US","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240306800201","article-title":"Biomedicalization: technoscientific transformations of health, illness, and US biomedicine","volume":"68","author":"Clarke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx041","article-title":"IUI: review and systematic assessment of the evidence that supports global recommendations","volume":"24","author":"Cohlen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600102","article-title":"The shifting engines of medicalization","volume":"46","author":"Conrad","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/00220380412331293807","article-title":"Why is son preference so persistent in east and South Asia? A cross-country study of China, India and the Republic of Korea","volume":"40","author":"Das Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dev. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118569","article-title":"Extending biomedicalization, complicating stratification","author":"Decoteau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2020.1810636","article-title":"A perfect storm of intervention? Lesbian and cisgender queer women conceiving through Australian fertility clinics","volume":"32","author":"Dempsey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12475","article-title":"When doctors don't tie: hierarchical medicalization, reproduction, and sterilization in Brazil","volume":"32","author":"Edu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Anthropol. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115039","article-title":"Stratified medicalization of schooling difficulties","volume":"305","author":"Fish","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118085","article-title":"Pursuing a \u201cnormal\u201d life of food: families' experiences of pediatric food allergy clinical trials","volume":"378","author":"Fisher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib22","series-title":"The New Reproductive Order: Technology, Fertility, and Social Change Around the Globe","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Whose egg, whose sperm, whose household registration? Reproductive decision-making among LGBT parents in China","author":"Friedman","year":"2024","journal-title":"LGBTQ+ Family: Interdisc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib24","series-title":"Conceiving the New World Order: the Global Politics of Reproduction","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s41649-020-00157-9","article-title":"\u2018You are not young anymore!\u2019: gender, age and the politics of reproduction in post-reform China","volume":"13","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Bioethics Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reciprocal IVF decision-making among Lesbian couples in mainland China: a relational approach","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"LGBTQ+ Family: Interdisc. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.70010","article-title":"The choreography of familial bargaining: a qualitative study of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) negotiation in China","volume":"47","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118429","article-title":"Saying No to weight-loss drugs: the paradox of the ideal patient-consumer and stratified biomedicalization","author":"Jackson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12346","article-title":"A Chinese practice guideline of the assisted reproductive technology strategies for women with advanced age","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Evidence-based Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.08.010","article-title":"Cumulative live birth rates following insemination with donor spermatozoa in single women, same-sex couples and heterosexual patients","volume":"41","author":"Linara-Demakakou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/00380385221113480","article-title":"Dialectical family imaginaries: navigating relational selfhood and becoming a parent through assisted reproduction in China","volume":"57","author":"Lo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib32","series-title":"Queering Reproduction: Achieving Pregnancy in the Age of Technoscience","author":"Mamo","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118452","article-title":"The racial politics of visibility and equity in genome-editing therapies for sickle cell disease","author":"Molina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13429","article-title":"'Just have some IVF!': a longitudinal ethnographic study of couples' experiences of seeking fertility treatment","volume":"44","author":"Mounce","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det445","article-title":"Sexual orientation of women does not affect outcome of fertility treatment with donated sperm","volume":"29","author":"Nordqvist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.09.033","article-title":"Choreographies of sperm donations: dilemmas of intimacy in lesbian couple donor conception","volume":"73","author":"Nordqvist","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2010.01279.x","article-title":"\u2018Dealing with sperm\u2019: comparing lesbians' clinical and non\u2010clinical donor conception processes","volume":"33","author":"Nordqvist","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X18810951","article-title":"More natural does not equal more normal: lesbian, gay, and bisexual people's views about different pathways to parenthood","volume":"39","author":"Pralat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fam. Issues"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12805","article-title":"\u201cHer bun in my oven\u201d: motivations and experiences of two\u2010mother families who have used reciprocal IVF","volume":"72","author":"Shaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib40","series-title":"Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Health, and Illness in the US","first-page":"218","article-title":"The stratified biomedicalization of heart disease: expert and lay perspectives on racial and class inequality","author":"Shim","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2019.03.001","article-title":"Procreative consciousness in a global market: gay men's paths to surrogacy in the USA","volume":"7","author":"Smietana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Soc. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118053","article-title":"Queer tax: examining 2SLGBTQ+ black, Indigenous, and people of Colour's experiences of accessing assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"376","author":"Tam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2022.2049879","article-title":"A desirable future or unaffordable hope? Queer people becoming parents through assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Guangdong, China","volume":"25","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cult. Health Sex."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1080\/10894160.2024.2382575","article-title":"Good deeds or exploitation?: queer parents working for private assisted reproductive technologies companies in urban China","volume":"28","author":"Tao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Lesb. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib45","series-title":"Making Parents: the Ontological Choreography of Reproductive Technologies","author":"Thompson","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/0735275112457914","article-title":"Theory construction in qualitative research: from grounded theory to abductive analysis","volume":"30","author":"Timmermans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sociol. Theor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib47","series-title":"Good Quality: the Routinization of Sperm Banking in China","author":"Wahlberg","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib48","series-title":"Selective Reproduction in the 21st Century","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.15767\/feministstudies.47.2.0312","article-title":"Queering the rise of China: gay parenthood, transnational ARTs, and dislocated reproductive rights","volume":"47","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fem. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib50","series-title":"Making Multiple Babies: Anticipatory Regimes of Assisted Reproduction","author":"Wu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib51","first-page":"1","article-title":"IVF doctors as moral pioneers and moral guardians in pronatalist China","author":"Xie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Med. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116658","article-title":"Care in transition: global norms, transnational adaptation, and family-centered gender-affirming care in China","volume":"344","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.13025","article-title":"How gendered lived experiences shape sex preference attitudes in contemporary urban China","volume":"87","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626002364?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626002364?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:34Z","timestamp":1776124834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953626002364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0277953626002364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Stratified medicalization rerouted: Lesbian women's turn to IVF as pragmatic overmedicalization amid stratified reproduction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119160","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119160"}}