{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:03:12Z","timestamp":1786996992674,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["771217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["771217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T06:11:54Z","timestamp":1776233514000},"page":"119253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["What lies in the shadows: The collateral consequences of constructing \u2018high risk\u2019 targets in public health"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"400","author":[{"given":"Fernandos","family":"Ongolly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2400-7333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susi","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib1","article-title":"Knowledge needs for implementing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among primary care providers in a safety-net health system","volume":"20","author":"Agovi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108524","article-title":"Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women","volume":"367","author":"Baeten","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib3","series-title":"Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices","author":"Bhattacherjee","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-0996-z","article-title":"Knowledge is power! increased provider knowledge scores regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are associated with higher rates of PrEP prescription and future intent to prescribe PrEP","volume":"19","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib5","series-title":"The Ethics of Health Care Rationing: an Introduction","author":"Bognar","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.116359","article-title":"Epistemic and institutional recognition work in changing conditions of social visibility: anosmia's journey from the shadows to the spotlight","volume":"338","author":"Bojovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2307\/2626956","article-title":"Naming and framing: the social construction of diagnosis and illness","author":"Brown","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248626","article-title":"Decentralizing PrEP delivery: implementation and dissemination strategies to increase PrEP uptake among MSM in Toronto, Canada","volume":"16","author":"Charest","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17920","article-title":"Racial and ethnic and income disparities in COVID-19 vaccination among medicare beneficiaries","volume":"70","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"9883","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61127-7","article-title":"Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"381","author":"Choopanya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1806634","article-title":"\u201cPrecision\u201d public health\u2014Between novelty and hype","volume":"379","author":"Chowkwanyun","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2021.0096","article-title":"Stratifying for value: an updated population health risk stratification approach","volume":"25","author":"Coran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Popul. Health Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12949","article-title":"In sickness and in health: the politics of public health and their implications during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Daher-Nashif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sociol. Compass"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e512","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00206-4","article-title":"HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in transgender women: a subgroup analysis of the iPrEx trial","volume":"2","author":"Deutsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib16","series-title":"Taking Aim: Target Populations and the Wars on AIDS and Drugs","author":"Donovan","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib17","series-title":"Healthcare Activism: Markets, Morals, and the Collective Good","first-page":"28","article-title":"Preventing \u201cexit\u201d, eliciting \u201cvoice\u201d: patient, participant and public involvement as invited activism in precision medicine and genomics initiatives","author":"Galasso","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib18","series-title":"Healthcare Activism: Markets, Morals, and the Collective Good","author":"Geiger","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib19","series-title":"Peak Pharma: toward a New Political Economy of Health","author":"Geiger","year":"2025"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205","article-title":"Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men","volume":"363","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26232","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to community pharmacy PrEP delivery: a scoping review","volume":"27","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12167-9","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among male sex workers in Mexico: an application of the RE-AIM framework","volume":"21","author":"Kadiamada-Ibarra","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399707303637","article-title":"Analysis of logic: categories of people in US HIV\/AIDS policy","volume":"39","author":"Keeler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adm. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2018-011597","article-title":"The imaginary of precision public health","volume":"46","author":"Kenney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Humanit."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-025-02489-0","article-title":"Precision public health after Covid-19: a scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Kenney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Equity Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300594","article-title":"Beyond the distinction between biomedical and social dimensions of HIV prevention through the lens of a social public health","volume":"102","author":"Kippax","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/0142569900110305","article-title":"The social construction of the \u2018at\u2010risk\u2019child","volume":"11","author":"Lubeck","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Sociol. Educ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2190\/16AY-E2GC-DFLD-51X2","article-title":"Risk as moral danger: the social and political functions of risk discourse in public health","volume":"23","author":"Lupton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Serv."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2013.01.027","article-title":"Prioritizing investment in public health and health equity: what can commissioners do?","volume":"127","author":"Marks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2013.0302","article-title":"Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention of HIV in serodiscordant heterosexual couples in the United States: opportunities and challenges","volume":"28","author":"McMahon","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117674","article-title":"Association between homelessness and PrEP uptake among men who have sex with men: results from the American Men's internet survey, 2017\u20132021","volume":"366","author":"Mi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib36","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) scoping and policy options review","author":"Nolan","year":"2017","journal-title":"HIV Ireland & Gay Health Network"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/13698575.2022.2028742","article-title":"\u2018It's like getting your car checked\u2019: the social construction of diabetes risk among participants in a population study","volume":"24","author":"Norddal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Risk Soc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030279","article-title":"Reconceptualising precision public health","volume":"9","author":"Olstad","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117493","article-title":"Individual & joint associations of sexual stigma and mental distress with PrEP uptake, adherence and persistence among US gay and bisexual men","volume":"363","author":"Onwubiko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05898-9","article-title":"Design of a care pathway for pharmacy-based PrEP delivery in Kenya: results from a collaborative stakeholder consultation","volume":"20","author":"Ortblad","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.18513","article-title":"Fairly prioritizing groups for access to COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"324","author":"Persad","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib43","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research","article-title":"Qualitative disaster research","author":"Phillips","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.039","article-title":"\u201cHeroes' invisible wounds of war:\u201d constructions of posttraumatic stress disorder in the text of US federal legislation","volume":"149","author":"Purtle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2023.100357","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to scaling up access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among key populations: a qualitative study of the incentive-based PrEP seguro program in Mexico","volume":"4","author":"Reichheld","year":"2023","journal-title":"SSM - Qualitative Research in Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.2307\/2939044","article-title":"Social construction of target populations: implications for politics and policy","volume":"87","author":"Schneider","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. Polit. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib46","series-title":"Approaches to Social Research","author":"Singleton","year":"2010"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2021-107443","article-title":"Why we should not \u2018just use age\u2019 for COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation","volume":"48","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/19460171.2013.799880","article-title":"Constructing at-risk target groups","volume":"7","author":"\u00d8stergaard M\u00f8ller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Policy Stud."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110711","article-title":"Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana","volume":"367","author":"Thigpen","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/23259582231215882","article-title":"\u201cPharmacies are everywhere, and you can get it at any time\u201d: experiences with pharmacy-based PrEP delivery among adolescent girls and young women in Kisumu, Kenya","volume":"22","author":"Vera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12372","article-title":"Can a pill prevent HIV? Negotiating the biomedicalisation of HIV prevention","volume":"38","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626003291?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626003291?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:16:04Z","timestamp":1785255364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953626003291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0277953626003291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What lies in the shadows: The collateral consequences of constructing \u2018high risk\u2019 targets in public health","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119253","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119253"}}