{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:59:52Z","timestamp":1785257992403,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019274","name":"National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:54:26Z","timestamp":1775145266000},"page":"119259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Structures of survival: Syndemic pathways to care among people with HIV involved with the criminal legal system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"400","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5588-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia O.","family":"Casanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G'Vanni","family":"Puchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmeralda","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahzin","family":"Bahraini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5708-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zinzi D.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Nowotny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0231-0","article-title":"HIV care after jail: low rates of engagement in a vulnerable population","volume":"95","author":"Ammon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1089\/jchc.23.05.0040","article-title":"The prevalence of physical and mental health multimorbidity among people held in US jails","volume":"30","author":"Applegate","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Correct. Health Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2055-z","article-title":"Psychiatric illness, substance use, and viral suppression among HIV-positive men of color who have sex with men in Los Angeles","volume":"22","author":"Aralis","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.09.015","article-title":"Incarceration and adult weight gain in the national survey of American Life (NSAL)","volume":"81","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2011.07.002","article-title":"\"From the prison door right to the sidewalk, everything went downhill\": a qualitative study of the health experiences of recently released inmates","volume":"34","author":"Binswanger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Law Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262882","article-title":"Access to HIV care in jails: perspectives from people living with HIV in North Carolina","volume":"17","author":"Blue","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-7899-1-3","article-title":"Incarceration as a catalyst for worsening health","volume":"1","author":"Brinkley-Rubinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health & Justice"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305486","article-title":"Mass incarceration as a social-structural driver of health inequities: a supplement to AJPH","volume":"110","author":"Brinkley-Rubinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114743","article-title":"Syndemics and intersectionality: a response commentary","volume":"295","author":"Bulled","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib10","series-title":"About the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) Initiative","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2023.30","article-title":"Syndemic effect of COVID-19 outbreak on HIV care delivery around the globe: a systematic review using narrative synthesis","volume":"13","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Promot. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0255-5","article-title":"Assessing the effect of recent incarceration in prison on HIV care retention and viral suppression in two states","volume":"95","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-020-00869-5","article-title":"The consequences of incarceration for mortality in the United States","volume":"57","author":"Daza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib14","series-title":"Examining Lives in Context: Perspectives on the Ecology of Human Development","first-page":"101","article-title":"The life course paradigm: social change and individual development","author":"Elder","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.49785","article-title":"History of incarceration and its association with geriatric and chronic health outcomes in older adulthood","volume":"6","author":"Garcia-Grossman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02619-0","article-title":"High levels of syndemics and their association with adherence, viral non-suppression, and biobehavioral transmission risk in Miami, a US city with an HIV\/AIDS epidemic","volume":"23","author":"Glynn","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2021.05.002","article-title":"At the heart of the matter: cardiovascular health challenges among incarcerated women","volume":"149","author":"Grammatikopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.2.170","article-title":"Jail incarceration, homelessness, and mental health: a national study","volume":"59","author":"Greenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.00019","article-title":"Life course health development: an integrated framework for developing health, policy, and research","volume":"80","author":"Halfon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Milbank Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib20","series-title":"Qualitative Methods in Rapid turn-around Health Services Research","author":"Hamilton","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112516","article-title":"Qualitative methods in implementation research: an introduction","volume":"280","author":"Hamilton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/19359705.2021.1995096","article-title":"Latino sexual minority men\u2019s intersectional minority stress, general stress, and coping during COVID-19: A rapid qualitative study","volume":"26","author":"Harkness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X06292707","article-title":"Adapting life history calendars for qualitative research on welfare transitions","volume":"19","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302635","article-title":"The HIV care cascade before, during, and after incarceration: a systematic review and data synthesis","volume":"105","author":"Iroh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-017-0054-1","article-title":"Manifestations of HIV stigma and their impact on retention in care for people transitioning from prisons to communities","volume":"5","author":"Kemnitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health & justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113786","article-title":"Intersectionality and syndemics: a reply to sangaramoorthy and benton","volume":"295","author":"Kline","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib27","first-page":"3313","article-title":"Context, types, and consequences of violence across the life course: a qualitative study of transgender women living with HIV","volume":"24","author":"Lacombe-Duncan","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301504","article-title":"A heavy burden: the cardiovascular health consequences of having a family member incarcerated","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e287","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00005-6","article-title":"Carceral epidemiology: mass incarceration and structural racism during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"7","author":"LeMasters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib30","series-title":"PsycEXTRA Dataset","article-title":"Health and prisoner reentry: how physical, mental, and substance abuse conditions shape the process of reintegration","author":"Mallik-Kane","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285411","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to health during prison reentry to Miami, FL","author":"Mohammad","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12566","article-title":"Health and justice: framing incarceration as a social determinant of health for Black men in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Nowotny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sociol. Compass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pre-incarceration healthcare use and access barriers among men with HIV and those at-Risk for contracting HIV: a case study of an urban jail","author":"Phillips","year":"2025","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.14067","article-title":"\"I got so much on my plate\": understanding care discontinuity for HIV and HCV among formerly incarcerated persons","volume":"58","author":"Porter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318759529","article-title":"An exploration of syndemic factors that influence engagement in HIV care among black men","volume":"28","author":"Quinn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib36","article-title":"How mass incarceration makes us all sick","volume":"2021","author":"Reinhart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Affairs Forefront"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-023-00317-y","article-title":"A life course health development model of HIV vulnerabilities and resiliencies in young transgender women in Peru","volume":"8","author":"Reisner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Health Res. Pol."},{"issue":"10049","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30379-8","article-title":"Clinical care of incarcerated people with HIV, viral hepatitis, or tuberculosis","volume":"388","author":"Rich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-020-00108-4","article-title":"\u201cIt's like I was out there by myself\u201d: the receipt of reentry support among HIV-infected formerly incarcerated individuals in New York City","volume":"8","author":"Rowell-Cunsolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health & Justice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-015-0030-6","article-title":"Effect of social relationships on antiretroviral medication adherence for people living with HIV and substance use disorders and transitioning from prison","volume":"3","author":"Rozanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health & justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113783","article-title":"Intersectionality and syndemics: a commentary","volume":"295","author":"Sangaramoorthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12136","article-title":"The institutional effects of incarceration: spillovers from criminal justice to health care","volume":"93","author":"Schnittker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Milbank Q."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0089","article-title":"Transitions clinic network: challenges and lessons in primary care for people released from prison","volume":"36","author":"Shavit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"issue":"10072","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30003-X","article-title":"Syndemics and the biosocial conception of health","volume":"389","author":"Singer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007558","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS among inmates of and releasees from US correctional facilities, 2006: declining share of epidemic but persistent public health opportunity","volume":"4","author":"Spaulding","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1086\/421392","article-title":"Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected prisoners: reincarceration and the lack of sustained benefit after release to the community","volume":"38","author":"Springer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases\/Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490512000114","article-title":"Effect of release from prison and Re-Incarceration on the viral loads of HIV-infected individuals","volume":"120","author":"Stephenson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Publ. Health Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11821","article-title":"Exposure to family member incarceration and adult well-being in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Sundaresh","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib49","first-page":"78","article-title":"Food insecurity over the life course and intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in Ghana","volume":"95","author":"Tenkorang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sociol. Inq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.03.040","article-title":"Syndemics: a theory in search of data or data in search of a theory?","volume":"206","author":"Tsai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2219-2","article-title":"Unmet health care needs among children exposed to parental incarceration","author":"Turney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2021.100002","article-title":"Family member incarceration and mental health: results from a nationally representative survey","volume":"1","author":"Turney","year":"2021","journal-title":"SSM-Mental Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732320921835","article-title":"Rapid techniques in qualitative research: a critical review of the literature","volume":"30","author":"Vindrola-Padros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.326","article-title":"Homelessness and psychological distress as contributors to antiretroviral nonadherence in HIV-positive injecting drug users","volume":"19","author":"Waldrop-Valverde","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"issue":"1_Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15S","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918807974","article-title":"Health consequences of family member incarceration for adults in the household","volume":"134","author":"Wildeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Publ. Health Rep."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626003357?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626003357?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:14:58Z","timestamp":1785255298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953626003357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0277953626003357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Structures of survival: Syndemic pathways to care among people with HIV involved with the criminal legal system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119259","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119259"}}