{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:46:31Z","timestamp":1790736391063,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"UK Research and Innovation Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:43:10Z","timestamp":1776408190000},"page":"119292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Waste-ing antibiotics: Antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution and unsettled science in the governance of pharmaceutical manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"400","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Lambert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amishi","family":"Panwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Taneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Wellington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib1","article-title":"Antibiotic manufacturing standard: minimizing risk of developing antibiotic resistance and aquatic ecotoxicity in the environment resulting from the manufacturing of human antibiotics","year":"2022","journal-title":"AMR Industry Alliance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.10.015","article-title":"Concentrations of antibiotics predicted to select for resistant bacteria: proposed limits for environmental regulation","volume":"86","author":"Bengtsson-Palme","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/reel.12543","article-title":"Green public procurement of pharmaceuticals as a regulatory response to antimicrocial resistance and its compatibility with the WTO agreement on government procurement","volume":"33","author":"Bhullar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115386","article-title":"Antibiotic geographies and access to medicines: tracing the role of India's pharmaceutical industry in global trade","volume":"312","author":"Bjerke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/s41292-025-00353-6","article-title":"Antibiotics in the environment: molecularization, drug resistance and pharmaceutical pollution in India","author":"Bjerke","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioSocieties"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib8","series-title":"Toxicants, Health and Regulation Since 1945","first-page":"71","article-title":"From threshold to risk: exposure to low doses of radiation and its effects on toxicants regulation","author":"Boudia","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib9","series-title":"Toxicants, Health and Regulation Since 1945","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction: science and politics in a toxic world","author":"Boudia","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib10","series-title":"Powerless Science? Science and Politics in a Toxic World","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction: the greatness and misery of science in a toxic world","author":"Boudia","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3316\/QRJ0902027","article-title":"Document analysis as a qualitative research method","volume":"9","author":"Bowen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual. Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib13","series-title":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Policy Antimicrobial Stewardship Project (CIDRAP-ASP)","article-title":"The limit of limits: india's hurdles in regulating antimicrobial pollution","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czaa064","article-title":"Document analysis in health policy research: the READ approach","volume":"35","author":"Dalglish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Pol. Plann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-023-11569-z","article-title":"An overview on the prevalence and potential impact of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment of India","volume":"195","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-117","article-title":"Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research","volume":"13","author":"Gale","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib18","series-title":"Scoping Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in India","author":"Gandra","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/1461452919890283","article-title":"The precautionary principle, its interpretation and application by the Indian judiciary: \u2018when I use a word it means just what I choose it to mean \u2013 neither more nor less\u2019 Humpty dumpty","volume":"21","author":"Gill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Law Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Becoming scientific-environmental citizens through citizen science in China","author":"Goron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Hum. Val."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib21","article-title":"Ministry of environment","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forest and Climate Change Draft notification"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib22","article-title":"Ministry of environment","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forest & Climate change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib23","article-title":"Ministry of environment","year":"2021","journal-title":"Forest and Climate Change Notification"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib24","series-title":"NGT Issues Notices to States, Uts Regarding Pharma Pollution","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rigor in qualitative research","volume":"3","author":"Gunbayi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Action Qualitative & Mixed Methods Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib26","series-title":"Red Tape: Bureaucracy, Structural Violence, and Poverty in India","author":"Gupta","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-011588","article-title":"Insights from a qualitative study of the procurement and manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients in India","volume":"6","author":"Hamill","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2021.12.001","article-title":"The ethical considerations for emergency care research in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the published literature","volume":"12","author":"Hirner","year":"2022","journal-title":"African Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib29","series-title":"Indian Pharmaceutical Industry","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib30","article-title":"Bulk drug industry in India: challenges and prospects","author":"James","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSRI Discuss. Pap. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib31","author":"Khanna"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh325","article-title":"Resistance in the environment","volume":"54","author":"K\u00fcmmerer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.07.008","article-title":"Effluent from drug manufacturers contains extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals","volume":"148","author":"Larson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib34","series-title":"Science in Action","author":"Latour","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib36","series-title":"Original Application No.497\/2024 Item No.02","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib38","series-title":"RAMP: Co-creating the sustainability case for human health, environment and business [Workshop presentation]. India Stakeholders Workshop: India-UK Tackling AMR in the Environment from Anti-microbial Manufacturing Waste (AMR-India)","author":"Prakash","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.18520\/cs\/v126\/i4\/442-451","article-title":"Impact of pharmaceutical toxicity on the environment and its regulatory aspects","volume":"126","author":"Raju","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frabi.2024.1337261","article-title":"Mapping the scarcity of data on antibiotics in natural and engineered water environments across India","volume":"3","author":"Rathinavelu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib42","series-title":"In Pursuit of Lakshmi: the Political Economy of the Indian State","author":"Rudolph","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.17351\/ests2017.133","article-title":"A wary alliance: from enumerating the environment to inviting apprehension","volume":"3","author":"Shapiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Engaging Science, Technology, and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib44","series-title":"Legal perspective in the background of hon\u2019ble National Green Tribunal order [Workshop presentation]. India Stakeholders Workshop: India-UK Tackling AMR in the Environment from Anti-microbial Maufacturing Waste (AMR-India)","author":"Singh","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib45","article-title":"How Baddi pharma waste can make your medicines ineffective","author":"Sinha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Down Earth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib46","article-title":"Govt's fast tracking of draft rules on antibiotic residues commendable","author":"Sinha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Down To Earth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_331_18","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in the environment: the Indian scenario","volume":"149","author":"Taneja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib48","series-title":"India Stakeholders Workshop Summary","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib50","series-title":"Guidance on Wastewater and Solid Waste Management for Manufacturing of Antibiotics","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib51","unstructured":"Veteran\u2019s forum for transparency in public life (n.d.) Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved August 8, 2025 from https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/veterans.forum.for.transparency\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2005.08.003","article-title":"Postcolonial environmental justice: government and governance in India","volume":"37","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib54","series-title":"Public Consultation on Antimicrobial Manufacturing Effluent Guidance","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib56","series-title":"Forty-Fourth Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292_bib57","series-title":"Public Knowledge: an Essay Concerning the Social Dimension of Science","author":"Ziman","year":"1968"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626003680?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626003680?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:18:13Z","timestamp":1785255493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953626003680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0277953626003680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Waste-ing antibiotics: Antimicrobial resistance, environmental pollution and unsettled science in the governance of pharmaceutical manufacturing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119292","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119292"}}