{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T13:03:04Z","timestamp":1784379784176,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:14:09Z","timestamp":1779203649000},"page":"119402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effectiveness of housing-based interventions and harm reduction among adults experiencing homelessness: a systematic review of recent controlled evidence (2019\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"403","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9929-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Nieradko-Heluszko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andriej","family":"Szpakow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Karakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhe.2020.101711","article-title":"The effect of combat exposure on veteran homelessness","volume":"49","author":"Ackerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hous. Econ."},{"issue":"10117","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31869-X","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers, and individuals with substance use disorders in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Aldridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e342","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30055-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of permanent supportive housing and income assistance interventions for homeless individuals in high-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Aubry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7492-8","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of housing first in a small Canadian city","volume":"19","author":"Aubry","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506001102","article-title":"Housing first for people with severe mental illness who are homeless: a review of the research and findings from the At home\u2013Chez soi demonstration project","volume":"60","author":"Aubry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2018-210981","article-title":"Effects of housing first approaches on health and well-being of adults who are homeless or at risk of homelessness: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"73","author":"Baxter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2024.10.026","article-title":"A preliminary assessment of barriers and facilitators to accessing foot care in homeless shelters: a scoping review","volume":"111","author":"Benadda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-1-2","article-title":"The nuts and bolts of PROSPERO: an international prospective register of systematic reviews","volume":"1","author":"Booth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.39860","article-title":"Association of promoting housing affordability and stability with adult health outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib10","first-page":"71","article-title":"Causes of homelessness, attempts to improve their situation and hopes for the future \u2013 analysis of individual in-depth interviews of homeless men with higher education","volume":"1","author":"Chotkowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.01.002","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of harm reduction treatment for alcohol (HaRT-A)","volume":"67","author":"Collins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Pol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30489-2","article-title":"Combining behavioural harm-reduction treatment and extended-release naltrexone","volume":"8","author":"Collins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063219","article-title":"A scoping review of the health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons experiencing homelessness in North America and Europe","volume":"19","author":"Corey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durbin, A., Nisenbaum, R., Wang, R., Hwang, S.W., Kozloff, N., Stergiopoulos, V., 2021. Recovery Education for Adults Transitioning from homelessness: a longitudinal outcome evaluation. Front Psychiatry, 12, 763396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.763396.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.763396"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098012452329","article-title":"Pathways into multiple exclusion homelessness in seven UK cities","volume":"50","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02423-z","article-title":"Homelessness and health-related outcomes: an umbrella review of observational studies and randomised controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Fornaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063439","article-title":"Understanding and tackling the complex challenges of homelessness and health","volume":"19","author":"Frazer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2022.0035","article-title":"The impact of homelessness on mortality of individuals living in the United States: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Funk","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib19","article-title":"When and how to update systematic reviews: consensus and checklist","volume":"354","author":"Garner","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041716","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among the homeless in Taipei city: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1128158","article-title":"Risk of psychiatric readmission in the homeless population: a 10-year follow-up study","volume":"14","author":"Herrera-Imbroda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-020-01008-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of housing first for homeless adults with mental illness who frequently use emergency departments in a multisite randomised controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Kerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adm. Pol. Ment. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00483-1","article-title":"Global climate implications for homelessness: a scoping review","volume":"98","author":"Kidd","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib24","first-page":"319","article-title":"The effectiveness of housing first in stabilising housing and improving health outcomes for people experiencing homelessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Kisely","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-021-00550-1","article-title":"The effect of a housing first intervention on acute health care utilisation among homeless adults with mental illness: long-Term outcomes of the At Home\/Chez-Soi randomised pragmatic trial","volume":"98","author":"Lachaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.414","article-title":"Health care and public service use and costs before and after provision of housing for chronically homeless persons with severe alcohol problems","volume":"301","author":"Larimer","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.13238","article-title":"Impact findings from a randomised controlled trial of a supportive housing demonstration programme for homeless child welfare-involved families","volume":"29","author":"Lery","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Fam. Soc. Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796022000026","article-title":"Housing first for homeless people with severe mental illness: extended 4-year follow-up and analysis of recovery and housing stability from the randomised Un Chez Soi d'abord trial","volume":"31","author":"Loubi\u00e8re","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506001103","article-title":"Housing first impact on costs and associated cost offsets: a review of the literature","volume":"60","author":"Ly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226306","article-title":"Common trust and personal safety issues: a systematic review on the acceptability of health and social interventions for persons with lived experience of homelessness","volume":"14","author":"Magwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.61905\/wwr\/193096","article-title":"Cognitive disorders and homelessness","volume":"31","author":"Miko\u0142ajczyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wychowanie w Rodzinie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib34","series-title":"Social Inclusion of Homeless People. Narrative Research","first-page":"13","author":"M\u00f3\u0142ka","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib33","article-title":"A comprehensive review of prioritised interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of persons with lived experience of homelessness","volume":"17","author":"Moledina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Campbell Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101387","article-title":"Health and social outcomes in the housing first model: testing the theory of change","volume":"47","author":"O'Campo","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib35","article-title":"The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing problematic substance use, mental ill health, and housing instability in people experiencing homelessness in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"O'Leary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Campbell Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13486","article-title":"The impact of accommodation on the physical and mental health of people experiencing homelessness: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Onapa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Soc. Care Community"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.671101","article-title":"Response to review of housing first: ending homelessness, transforming systems, and changing lives","volume":"67","author":"Padgett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib40","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Understanding responses to homelessness during COVID-19: an examination of Australia","volume":"36","author":"Parsell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hous. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib41","first-page":"69","article-title":"The issue of homelessness in the Podkarpackie Province","volume":"16","author":"Pi\u0105tek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rzeszowskie Studia Socjologiczne"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.17645\/si.v4i4.672","article-title":"Housing first and social integration: a realistic aim?","volume":"4","author":"Quilgars","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Incl."},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13553","article-title":"A randomised trial of permanent supportive housing for chronically homeless persons with high use of publicly funded services","volume":"55","author":"Raven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.722485","article-title":"The impact of financial incentives on service engagement among adults experiencing homelessness and mental illness: a pragmatic trial protocol","volume":"12","author":"Reid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640231217173","article-title":"Outcomes of psychosocial interventions for homeless individuals with mental illness: a systematic review","author":"Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-7-16","article-title":"Utilisation of the PICO framework to improve searching PubMed for clinical questions","volume":"7","author":"Schardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-4-200708210-00179","article-title":"How quickly do systematic reviews go out of date? A survival analysis","volume":"147","author":"Shojania","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121535","article-title":"Tackling health disparities for people who are homeless? Start with social determinants","volume":"14","author":"Stafford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Activities supporting and activating people in the homelessness crisis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic","volume":"15","author":"Staszkiewicz-Grabarczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Dissertations"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130281","article-title":"Effectiveness of housing first with intensive case management in an ethnically diverse sample of homeless adults with mental illness: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Stergiopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30371-2","article-title":"Long-term effects of rent supplements and mental health support services on housing and health outcomes of homeless adults with mental illness: extension study of the At home\/Chez Soi randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Stergiopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib52","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796020000785","article-title":"Effectiveness of a housing support team intervention with a recovery-oriented approach on hospital and emergency department use by homeless people with severe mental illness: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Tinland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.2007.00519.x","article-title":"Toward an international understanding of homelessness","volume":"63","author":"Toro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Soc. Issues"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib55","article-title":"Four seasons, five regions, and other reasons for localising laws on homelessness","volume":"9","author":"Tsai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health, Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.4.651","article-title":"Housing first, consumer choice, and harm reduction for homeless individuals with a dual diagnosis","volume":"94","author":"Tsemberis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/02673037.2015.1080816","article-title":"A systematic review of outcomes associated with participation in housing first programs","volume":"31","author":"Woodhall-Melnik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hous. Stud."}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626004788?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626004788?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T12:16:54Z","timestamp":1784377014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953626004788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0277953626004788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effectiveness of housing-based interventions and harm reduction among adults experiencing homelessness: a systematic review of recent controlled evidence (2019\u20132025)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119402","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119402"}}