{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T21:18:15Z","timestamp":1787951895275,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023233","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration Oxford and Thames Valley","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009148","name":"Queen Mary University of London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009148","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013374","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research School for Primary Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:37:46Z","timestamp":1781278666000},"page":"119481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Miscarriage, self-harm, and psychiatric disorders in first-time pregnant women: Evidence from a linkage study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"404","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5782-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corneliu","family":"Bolbocean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arri","family":"Coomarasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Hippisley-Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catia","family":"Nicodemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobhan","family":"Quenby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-6050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros","family":"Petrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2006.00655.x","article-title":"Large sample properties of matching estimators for average treatment effects","volume":"74","author":"Abadie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/17475759.2018.1557731","article-title":"Sociocultural understanding of miscarriages, stillbirths, and infant loss: a study of Nigerian women","volume":"48","author":"Adebayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intercult. Commun. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330490444821","article-title":"Guilt and emptiness: women's experiences of miscarriage","volume":"25","author":"Adolfsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340600627022","article-title":"Cumulative incidence of previous spontaneous abortion in Sweden in 1983\u20132003: a register study","volume":"85","author":"Adolfsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1086\/426036","article-title":"Selection on observed and unobserved variables: assessing the effectiveness of catholic schools","volume":"113","author":"Altonji","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Polit. Econ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2005.00377.x","article-title":"Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models","volume":"61","author":"Bang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-019-0694-1","article-title":"Attitude and perceptions toward miscarriage: a survey of a general population in Japan","volume":"65","author":"Banno","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000859","article-title":"A national survey on public perceptions of miscarriage","volume":"125","author":"Bardos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-011-0072-8","article-title":"Estimating treatment effects on healthcare costs under exogeneity: is there a \u2018magic bullet\u2019?","volume":"11","author":"Basu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Serv. Outcome Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0672-3","article-title":"\u201cit's just one of those things people don't seem to talk about...\u201d women's experiences of social support following miscarriage: a qualitative study","volume":"18","author":"Bellhouse","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/000306515900700301","article-title":"Parenthood as a developmental phase: a contribution to the libido theory","volume":"7","author":"Benedek","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Am. Psychoanal. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib12","series-title":"Psychological Aspects of Pregnancy and parent-child Relationships","first-page":"1","author":"Benedek","year":"1958"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib14","series-title":"Mental Health, Creativity, and Wealth. Technical Report","author":"Biasi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18010091","article-title":"Five-year suicidal ideation trajectories among women receiving or being denied an abortion","volume":"175","author":"Biggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3478","article-title":"Women's mental health and well-being 5 years after receiving or being denied an abortion: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study","volume":"74","author":"Biggs","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib17","article-title":"Antidepressants for pain management in adults with chronic pain: a network meta-analysis","author":"Birkinshaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib18","series-title":"The Trouble with Coarsened Exact Matching","author":"Black","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2025.10.013","article-title":"The compounding burden of pregnancy loss: a longitudinal analysis of quality-of-life trajectories after miscarriage","volume":"29","author":"Bolbocean","year":"2026","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib20","series-title":"Attachment and Loss: Volume II: Separation, Anxiety and Anger","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attachment and loss: volume ii: separation, anxiety and anger","author":"Bowlby","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib21","series-title":"Influential Papers from the 1950s","first-page":"222","article-title":"The nature of the child's tie to his mother 1","author":"Bowlby","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0505","article-title":"Grief following miscarriage: a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Brier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-3-18","article-title":"The course of mental health after miscarriage and induced abortion: a longitudinal, five-year follow-up study","volume":"3","author":"Broen","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-019-0557-2","article-title":"Antidepressants for preventive treatment of migraine","volume":"21","author":"Burch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busch, K. A., Clark, D. C., Fawcett, J., and Kravitz, H. M. (1993). Clinical Features of Inpatient Suicide.","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-19930501-06"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.07.005","article-title":"Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"78","author":"Charles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000129","article-title":"What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies","volume":"45","author":"Clement","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2003.00282.x","article-title":"A multivariate study of predictors of repeat parasuicide","volume":"109","author":"Colman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib29","volume":"ume 64","author":"Committee","year":"2012"},{"issue":"10285","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00681-4","article-title":"Recurrent miscarriage: evidence to accelerate action","volume":"397","author":"Coomarasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20410","article-title":"Promise: first-trimester progesterone therapy in women with a history of unexplained recurrent miscarriages-a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international multicentre trial and economic evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Coomarasamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.072637","article-title":"Ethnic differences in self-harm, rates, characteristics and service provision: three-city cohort study","volume":"197","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib33","series-title":"To what Extent are Trends in Teen Mental Health Driven by Changes in Reporting? the Example of suicide-related Hospital Visits","author":"Corredor-Waldron","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4551","article-title":"Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes in older people: population based cohort study","volume":"343","author":"Coupland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198109000-00008","article-title":"Development of a tool for the measurement of maternal attachment during pregnancy","author":"Cranley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210449","article-title":"Medical versus surgical treatment of first trimester spontaneous abortion: a cost-minimization analysis","volume":"14","author":"Cubo Nava","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000223206.64144.68","article-title":"Patient preferences, satisfaction, and resource use in office evacuation of early pregnancy failure","volume":"108","author":"Dalton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.08.031","article-title":"Beyond usual care: the economic consequences of expanding treatment options in early pregnancy loss","volume":"212","author":"Dalton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-017-0742-9","article-title":"Women's persistent depressive and perinatal grief symptoms following a miscarriage: the role of childlessness and satisfaction with healthcare services","volume":"20","author":"DeMontigny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Wom. Ment. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12217","article-title":"Bipolar disorder, miscarriage, and termination","volume":"17","author":"Di Florio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2023.106395","article-title":"Does quality affect choice of family physician? Evidence from patients changing general practice without changing address","volume":"126","author":"Empel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Econ. Modell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.10.102","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression following miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study","volume":"222","author":"Farren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib43","series-title":"Assessing and Treating the Patient at Risk for Suicide","author":"Fawcett","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib44","first-page":"303","article-title":"Education and labor market consequences of teenage childbearing: evidence using the timing of pregnancy outcomes and community fixed effects","volume":"44","author":"Fletcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hum. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-0064(00)80029-3","article-title":"Economics and mental health","volume":"1","author":"Frank","year":"2000","journal-title":"Handb. Health Econ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq439","article-title":"Doubly robust estimation of causal effects","volume":"173","author":"Funk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02937-x","article-title":"Stigma associated with mental health problems among young people in India: a systematic review of magnitude, manifestations and recommendations","volume":"20","author":"Gaiha","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0606","article-title":"Anxiety disorders following miscarriage","volume":"62","author":"Geller","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib49","series-title":"Interrogating Pregnancy Loss: Feminist Writings on Abortion, Miscarriage and Stillbirth","article-title":"Grief, shame, and miscarriage","author":"Gerber","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh709","article-title":"Economic evaluation of misoprostol in the treatment of early pregnancy failure compared to curettage after an expectant management","volume":"20","author":"Graziosi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-010-0050-1","article-title":"Overview of healthcare in the UK","volume":"1","author":"Grosios","year":"2010","journal-title":"EPMA J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpr025","article-title":"Entropy balancing for causal effects: a multivariate reweighting method to produce balanced samples in observational studies","volume":"20","author":"Hainmueller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Polit. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib53","series-title":"In-person Schooling and Youth Suicide: Evidence from School Calendars and Pandemic School Closures. Technical Report","author":"Hansen","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37795","article-title":"Temporal changes in chromosome abnormalities in human spontaneous abortions: results of 40 years of analysis","volume":"170","author":"Hardy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"issue":"10018","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00836-3","article-title":"Stillbirths: economic and psychosocial consequences","volume":"387","author":"Heazell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13072","article-title":"Induced abortion and mental health","volume":"96","author":"Heikinheimo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpl013","article-title":"Matching as nonparametric preprocessing for reducing model dependence in parametric causal inference","volume":"15","author":"Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Polit. Anal."},{"issue":"396","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1986.10478354","article-title":"Statistics and causal inference","volume":"81","author":"Holland","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0832-4","article-title":"Unintended pregnancy, induced abortion, and mental health","volume":"19","author":"Horvath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.01.011","article-title":"Prevention of mental ill-health and suicide: public health perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Hoven","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09632.x","article-title":"The costs of treating miscarriage: a comparison of medical and surgical management","volume":"103","author":"Hughes","year":"1996","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106547","article-title":"Tantali fibromyalgic supplicium: is there any relief with the antidepressant employment? A systematic review","volume":"186","author":"Ilari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01560-7","article-title":"Secondary care specialist visits made by children and young people prescribed antidepressants in primary care: a descriptive study using the QResearch database","volume":"18","author":"Jack","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.08.064","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders in women with spontaneous abortion in Germany\u2013a retrospective cohort study","volume":"258","author":"Jacob","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib65","series-title":"Abortion and Mental Health: the Role of Selection. Technical Report","author":"Janys","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3676","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of first trimester miscarriage","volume":"346","author":"Jurkovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu052","article-title":"Time to conception and time to live birth in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage","volume":"29","author":"Kaandorp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2190\/QFDW-LGEY-CYLM-N4LW","article-title":"A comparison of grief as related to miscarriage and termination for fetal abnormality","volume":"50","author":"Keefe-Cooperman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Omega J. Death Dying"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib69","series-title":"A Guide to Econometrics","author":"Kennedy","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib70","article-title":"Complicated grief after perinatal loss","author":"Kersting","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib71","series-title":"Saving Lives, Improving Mothers' care-lessons Learned to Inform Maternity Care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2014-16","author":"Knight","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib72","article-title":"Saving lives, improving mothers' care: lessons learned to inform future maternity care from the UK and Ireland confidential enquiries into maternal deaths and morbidity 2009-2012","author":"Knight","year":"2017","journal-title":"MBRRACEUK: Saving Lives, Improving Mothers\u2019 Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200969010-00001","article-title":"Antidepressants in long-term migraine prevention","volume":"69","author":"Koch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu042","article-title":"Non-visualized pregnancy losses are prognostically important for unexplained recurrent miscarriage","volume":"29","author":"Kolte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X211027181","article-title":"Augmented inverse probability weighting and the double robustness property","volume":"42","author":"Kurz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib76","series-title":"The Economics of Mental Health","author":"Layard","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13283","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of curettage vs. expectant management in women with an incomplete evacuation after misoprostol treatment for first-trimester miscarriage: a randomized controlled trial and cohort study","volume":"97","author":"Lemmers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-016-0181-5","article-title":"Trends in ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole and miscarriage in the largest obstetrics and gynaecology hospital in China from 2003 to 2013","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.1.25","article-title":"Universal health care: lessons from the British experience","volume":"93","author":"Light","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib80","first-page":"2120","article-title":"Trends in the incidence, rate and treatment of miscarriage\u2014nationwide register-study in Finland, 1998\u20132016","volume":"34","author":"Linnakaari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31823c0413","article-title":"Prognosis for live birth in women with recurrent miscarriage: what is the best measure of success?","volume":"119","author":"Lund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732319886566","article-title":"Patients' experiences of emergency hospital care following self-harm: systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research","volume":"30","author":"MacDonald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.259","article-title":"Risk of miscarriage in women with psychiatric disorders","volume":"219","author":"Magnus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib84","series-title":"Report of the Apa Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion. Technical Report","author":"Major","year":"2008"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017497","article-title":"Abortion and mental health: evaluating the evidence","volume":"64","author":"Major","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib86","series-title":"The re-emerging Suicide Crisis in the Us: Patterns, Causes and Solutions. Technical Report","author":"Marcotte","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-14-55","article-title":"Evidence of prescription of antidepressants for non-psychiatric conditions in primary care: an analysis of guidelines and systematic reviews","volume":"14","author":"Mercier","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib88","series-title":"The Economic Consequences of being Denied an Abortion. Technical Report","author":"Miller","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib89","series-title":"Antidepressants - Uses, Benefits, and Risks","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.7.947","article-title":"Onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy","volume":"149","author":"Neziroglu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.33.3.231.23213","article-title":"Mental pain and its relationship to suicidality and life meaning","volume":"33","author":"Orbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Suicide Life-Threatening Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unobservable selection and coefficient stability: theory and evidence","author":"Oster","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bus. Econ. Stat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib94","article-title":"Antidepressant drugs for chronic urological pelvic pain: an evidence-based review","volume":"2009","author":"Papandreou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Advances in urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-017-0174-z","article-title":"Using entropy balancing to strengthen an observational cohort study design: lessons learned from an evaluation of a complex multi-state federal demonstration","volume":"18","author":"Parish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Serv. Outcome Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.020427","article-title":"Status of health information exchange: a comparison of six countries","volume":"9","author":"Payne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of global health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00998.x","article-title":"Economic evaluation of alternative management methods of first-trimester miscarriage based on results from the mist trial","volume":"113","author":"Petrou","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2008.00459.x","article-title":"Women's preferences for attributes of first-trimester miscarriage management: a stated preference discrete-choice experiment","volume":"12","author":"Petrou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10476","article-title":"Generalized abnormal embryonic development in missed abortion: embryoscopic and cytogenetic findings","volume":"111","author":"Philipp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib100","first-page":"15","article-title":"Goodness of link tests for generalized linear models","volume":"29","author":"Pregibon","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Roy. Stat. Soc. C Appl. Stat."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016571","article-title":"Priorities for research in miscarriage: a priority setting partnership between people affected by miscarriage and professionals following the James Lind alliance methodology","volume":"7","author":"Prior","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"10285","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00682-6","article-title":"Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss","volume":"397","author":"Quenby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9535","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69204-0","article-title":"Recurrent miscarriage","volume":"368","author":"Rai","year":"2006","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13210","article-title":"Is the incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss increasing? A retrospective register-based study in Sweden","volume":"96","author":"Rasmark Roepke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.11.044","article-title":"A cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical versus medical management of early pregnancy loss","volume":"97","author":"Rausch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312118807624","article-title":"The abortion and mental health controversy: a comprehensive literature review of common ground agreements, disagreements, actionable recommendations, and research opportunities","volume":"6","author":"Reardon","year":"2018","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib107","series-title":"Minimum Wages and Teenage Childbearing: New Estimates Using a Dynamic difference-in-differences Approach","author":"Rees","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1214\/07-STS227D","article-title":"Comment: performance of double-robust estimators when\u201d inverse probability\u201d weights are highly variable","volume":"22","author":"Robins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201643041","article-title":"The stigma of mental disorders: a millennia-long history of social exclusion and prejudices","volume":"17","author":"Rossler","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib110","series-title":"Epidemiology: an Introduction","author":"Rothman","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib111","series-title":"Recurrent Miscarriage","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0682-1","article-title":"University students' awareness of causes and risk factors of miscarriage: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"San Lazaro Campillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/S1121189X00002669","article-title":"Stigma and its impact on help-seeking for mental disorders: what do we know?","volume":"17","author":"Schomerus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.12.002","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity following miscarriage in Hong Kong","volume":"32","author":"Sham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e31802f1c28","article-title":"Evaluation and management of recurrent early pregnancy loss","volume":"50","author":"Stephenson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1214\/09-STS313","article-title":"Matching methods for causal inference: a review and a look forward","volume":"25","author":"Stuart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat. Sci.: a review journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-199911000-00004","article-title":"Effects of caring, measurement, and time on miscarriage impact and women's well-being","volume":"48","author":"Swanson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib118","first-page":"815","article-title":"Manual vacuum aspirator: a safe and effective tool for decentralization of post miscarriage care","volume":"24","author":"Tasnim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Coll. Physician Surg. Pak."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib119","article-title":"Manual vacuum aspiration: a safe and cost-effective substitute of electric vacuum aspiration for the surgical management of early pregnancy loss","volume":"1","author":"Tasnim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/20508549.2005.11877742","article-title":"Long-term physical and psychological health consequences of induced abortion: a review of the evidence","volume":"72","author":"Thorp Jr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Linacre Q."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701004238","article-title":"The efficacy of problem-solving treatments after deliberate self-harm: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with respect to depression, hopelessness and improvement in problems","volume":"31","author":"Townsend","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib123","series-title":"Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North","author":"Townsend","year":"1988"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-018-0664-3","article-title":"Psychotropics, antidepressants, and visceral analgesics in functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"20","author":"T\u00f6rnblom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796020000189","article-title":"Incidence and general hospital costs of self-harm across England: estimates based on the multicentre study of self-harm","volume":"29","author":"Tsiachristas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2015.04.008","article-title":"Early pregnancy care over time: should we promote an early pregnancy assessment unit?","volume":"31","author":"van den Berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-021-01198-y","article-title":"Contextualizing black women's mental health in the twenty-first century: gendered racism and suicide-related behavior","volume":"10","author":"Vance","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Racial Ethn. Health Dispar."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib127","article-title":"Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases","volume":"364","author":"Vinogradova","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2007.02.002","article-title":"Inverse probability weighted estimation for general missing data problems","volume":"141","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Econom."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei163","article-title":"Expectant, medical or surgical treatment for spontaneous abortion in first trimester of pregnancy: a cost analysis","volume":"20","author":"You","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.1.70","article-title":"Repetition of deliberate self-harm and subsequent suicide risk: long-term follow-up study of 11 583 patients","volume":"185","author":"Zahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/jci-2016-0010","article-title":"Entropy balancing is doubly robust","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Causal Inference"}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626005575?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626005575?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T20:32:53Z","timestamp":1787949173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953626005575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":130,"alternative-id":["S0277953626005575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Miscarriage, self-harm, and psychiatric disorders in first-time pregnant women: Evidence from a linkage study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119481","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119481"}}