{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:56:11Z","timestamp":1790657771257,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Government of Canada Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:46:32Z","timestamp":1785858392000},"page":"119670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Beyond legality: Bureaucratic violence and obstacles to abortion care"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"406","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7441-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"McKay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/maq.12843","article-title":"Reproductive gerrymandering, bureaucratic violence, and the erosion of abortion access in the United States","volume":"38","author":"Basmajian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Anthropol. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib3","series-title":"Outline of a Theory of Practice","author":"Bourdieu","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib4","series-title":"Thematic Analysis: a Practical Guide","author":"Braun","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e246","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(25)00010-6","article-title":"Abortion care in Alberta, Canada, from 2012 to 2023: a population-based, cross-sectional analysis of use and geographical access","volume":"10","author":"Brennand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280757","article-title":"Barriers and enablers to nurse practitioner implementation of medication abortion in Canada: a qualitative study","volume":"18","author":"Carson","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1363\/psrh.12239","article-title":"Seeking support for abortion care from national hotlines in Canada: Caller characteristics and call outcomes, 2019\u20132021","volume":"55","author":"Demont","year":"2023","journal-title":"Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2023.110083","article-title":"Experience of stigma and harassment among respondents to the 2019 Canadian abortion provider survey","volume":"124","author":"Ennis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.117566","article-title":"Structural stigmatisation of abortion in the health system: perspectives of abortion care-seekers, providers, managers, and funders in England and Wales","volume":"365","author":"Footman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2017.02.016","article-title":"\u201cIf I ever did have a daughter, I wouldn't raise her in New Brunswick:\u201d exploring women's experiences obtaining abortion care before and after policy reform","volume":"95","author":"Foster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.046","article-title":"Street-level diplomacy? Communicative and adaptive work at the front line of implementing public health policies in primary care","volume":"177","author":"Gale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2019.1647334","article-title":"Abortion-related worries, fears and preparedness: a Swedish Web-based exploratory and retrospective qualitative study","volume":"24","author":"Georgsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.17730\/0018-7259.79.1.33","article-title":"The bureaucratic violence of the health care system for pregnant immigrants on the united states-Mexico border","volume":"79","author":"Heckert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Organ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/aman.70008","article-title":"Navigating the bureaucratic dimensions of reproductive violence on the US\u2010Mexico border during the COVID\u201019 public health emergency","volume":"127","author":"Heckert","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. Anthropol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/muae021","article-title":"Gendered administrative burden: regulating gendered bodies, labor, and identity","volume":"35","author":"Herd","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Publ. Adm. Res. Theory"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1215\/03616878-10449914","article-title":"Unlimited discretion: how unchecked bureaucratic discretion can threaten abortion availability","volume":"48","author":"Heymann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Health Polit. Policy Law"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1363\/psrh.12024","article-title":"Barriers to abortion care and their consequences for patients traveling for services: qualitative findings from two states","volume":"49","author":"Jerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3138\/ijcs.51.97","article-title":"Public policy, rights, and abortion access in Canada","volume":"51","author":"Johnstone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Can. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2019.03.048","article-title":"\u201cIt's not something you talk about really\u201d: information barriers encountered by women who travel long distances for abortion care","volume":"100","author":"Kavanaugh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib20","series-title":"No Real Choice: How Culture and Politics Matter for Reproductive Autonomy","author":"Kimport","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/socf.12988","article-title":"Abortion as a sociological case","volume":"39","author":"Kimport","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sociol. Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2020.04.007","article-title":"\u201cIt gives you autonomy over your own choices\u201d: a qualitative study of Canadian abortion patients' experiences with mifepristone and misoprostol","volume":"102","author":"LaRoche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2022.01.002","article-title":"Integrating mifepristone into primary care in Canada's capital: a multi-methods exploration of the medical abortion access project","volume":"109","author":"LaRoche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib24","series-title":"Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services","author":"Lipsky","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2023.110056","article-title":"A qualitative study exploring access barriers to abortion services among Indigenous Peoples in Canada","volume":"124","author":"Monchalin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.09.035","article-title":"Abortion experiences and preferences of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people in the United States","volume":"224","author":"Moseson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2562","article-title":"Perspectives among Canadian physicians on factors influencing implementation of mifepristone medical abortion: a national qualitative study","volume":"18","author":"Munro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Fam. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1363\/46e1320","article-title":"COVID-19 and abortion: making structural violence visible","volume":"46","author":"Nandagiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050802710642","article-title":"Providing family planning and reproductive healthcare to Canadian immigrants: perceptions of healthcare providers","volume":"11","author":"Newbold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cult. Health Sex."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067023","article-title":"Barriers to rural induced abortion services in Canada: findings of the British Columbia Abortion providers survey (BCAPS)","volume":"8","author":"Norman","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15761\/FWH.1000111","article-title":"This tangled web of reproductive morbidity risk: abortion stigma, safety & legality","volume":"1","author":"Ostrach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313918","article-title":"The role of doulas in abortion care in Canada: a qualitative study","volume":"20","author":"Paynter","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib33","first-page":"340","article-title":"What is reproductive justice?: how women of color activists are redefining the pro-choice paradigm","volume":"19","author":"Price","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meridians Fem. race, transnationalism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib34","series-title":"1 SCR 30","year":"1988"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2022.0245","article-title":"Telemedicine for first-trimester medical abortion in Canada: results of a 2019 survey","volume":"29","author":"Renner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Telemedicine and e-Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01499-3","article-title":"Quality of care in abortion in the era of technological and medical advancements and self-care","volume":"19","author":"Shukla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Barriers to abortion access in Australia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"86","author":"Sifris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wom. Stud. Int. Forum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsrh-2018-200264","article-title":"Current barriers, facilitators and future improvements to advance quality of abortion care: views of women","volume":"45","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/socpro\/spy015","article-title":"Different and not equal: the uneven association of race, poverty, and abortion laws on abortion timing","volume":"66","author":"Solazzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115271","article-title":"Why does abortion stigma matter? A scoping review and hybrid analysis of qualitative evidence illustrating the role of stigma in the quality of abortion care","volume":"311","author":"Sorhaindo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.04.008","article-title":"Exploring Canadian women's knowledge of and interest in mifepristone: results from a national qualitative study with abortion patients","volume":"94","author":"Vogel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib42","series-title":"From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology","first-page":"77","article-title":"Politics as a vocation","author":"Weber","year":"1946"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib43","series-title":"Economy and Society: an Outline of Interpretive Sociology (G. Roth & C. Wittich, Eds.; E. Fischoff Et Al., Trans.)","author":"Weber","year":"1978"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.36644\/mlr.115.6.bureaucracy","article-title":"Bureaucracy as violence","volume":"115","author":"Weinberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mich. Law Rev."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626007471?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626007471?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:16:53Z","timestamp":1790655413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953626007471"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0277953626007471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beyond legality: Bureaucratic violence and obstacles to abortion care","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119670","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119670"}}