{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:45:45Z","timestamp":1792269945011,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024075","name":"Region Syddanmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2132518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2132518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005860","name":"Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-B-0237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-B-0237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004928","name":"Danish Physiotherapists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3110586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3110586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T05:24:53Z","timestamp":1786253093000},"page":"119691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Early career health shocks and long-run labour market outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"407","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2208-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalie","family":"Wiben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Volmar","family":"Skovsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3968-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"S\u00f8gaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8489-0482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berit","family":"Schi\u00f8ttz-Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0473-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim Rose","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1072-1","article-title":"European guidelines for the management of chronic non-specific low back PainCost B13 working groupEur spine J200615S192S30010.1007\/s00586-006-1072-116550448","volume":"15","author":"Airaksinen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J. : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib2","series-title":"Mostly Harmless Econometrics: an Empiricist's Companion","author":"Angrist","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811405098","article-title":"Danish registers on personal income and transfer payments","volume":"39","author":"Baadsgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib3","series-title":"Human Capital","author":"Becker","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.2.285","article-title":"A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Ben-Shlomo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2020.12.001","article-title":"Difference-in-Differences with multiple time periods","volume":"225","author":"Callaway","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Econom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib7","series-title":"Analyses in the Economics of Aging","article-title":"Broken Down by work and sex: how our health declines","author":"Case","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-018-2025-x","article-title":"Flexible working, work\u2013life balance, and gender equality: introduction","volume":"151","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Indic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30725-6","article-title":"Low back pain: a major global challenge","volume":"391","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S327","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/58.6.S327","article-title":"Cumulative advantage\/disadvantage and the life course: cross-fertilizing age and social science theory","volume":"58","author":"Dannefer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gerontol.: Ser. Bibliogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20161038","article-title":"The economic consequences of hospital admissions","volume":"108","author":"Dobkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.01.022","article-title":"Welfare state regimes and differences in self-perceived health in Europe: a multilevel analysis","volume":"66","author":"Eikemo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/1132065","article-title":"The life course as developmental theory","volume":"69","author":"Elder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib14","article-title":"Family labor supply responses to severe health shocks : evidence from Danish administrative records","volume":"13","author":"Fadlon","year":"2021","journal-title":"American economic journal. Applied economics [Online]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30489-6","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions","volume":"391","author":"Foster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2010.11.003","article-title":"Institutions, health shocks and labour market outcomes across Europe","volume":"30","author":"Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Health Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2009.04.004","article-title":"Health effects on labour market exits and entries","volume":"17","author":"Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Labour Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib18","first-page":"873","article-title":"Long-term and spillover effects of health shocks on employment and income","volume":"48","author":"Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2021.03.014","article-title":"Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing","volume":"225","author":"Goodman-Bacon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Econom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1086\/259880","article-title":"On the concept of health capital and the demand for health","volume":"80","author":"Grossman","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Polit. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib21","series-title":"Handbook of Health Economics","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1574-0064(00)80166-3","article-title":"Chapter 7 - the human capital model","author":"Grossman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2013.04.006","article-title":"The effect of health on earnings: quasi-experimental evidence from commuting accidents","volume":"24","author":"Halla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Labour Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30480-X","article-title":"What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention","volume":"391","author":"Hartvigsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2013.08.004","article-title":"Effects of breast and colorectal cancer on labour market outcomes-average effects and educational gradients","volume":"32","author":"Heinesen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Health Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940701271882","article-title":"Register-based follow-up of social benefits and other transfer payments: accuracy and degree of completeness in a Danish interdepartmental administrative database compared with a population-based survey","volume":"35","author":"Hjollund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012010-00018","article-title":"Flexion and rotation of the trunk and lifting at work are risk factors for low back pain","volume":"25","author":"Hoogendoorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34347","article-title":"A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain","volume":"64","author":"Hoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.002","article-title":"The epidemiology of low back pain","volume":"24","author":"Hoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib29","series-title":"U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib30","series-title":"The Impact of Care Responsibilities on Women's Labour Force Participation","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib31","series-title":"Association Between Occupational Exposures and Chronic Low Back Pain: a Reference Document","author":"Jahn","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394715","article-title":"Danish education registers","volume":"39","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib33","article-title":"Acute health shocks and labour market outcomes: evidence from the post crash era","volume":"36","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Economics and human biology [Online]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1071-2","article-title":"What have we learned from ten years of trajectory research in low back pain?","volume":"17","author":"Kongsted","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib35","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990\u20132020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Rheumatology [Online]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oep\/gpv034","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the impact of health shocks on labour outcomes: evidence from Swedish workers","volume":"67","author":"Lundborg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxf. Econ. Pap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Healthcare in Denmark : an overview","volume":"1.2","year":"2017","journal-title":"Healthcare Denmark"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2011.02.001","article-title":"Long-term employment effects of surviving cancer","volume":"30","author":"Moran","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Health Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965","article-title":"The Danish civil registration system","volume":"39","author":"Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125","article-title":"The Danish national patient registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.13.2.145","article-title":"Healthy bodies and thick wallets: the dual relation between health and economic status","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Econ. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib43","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dansk Rygdatabase - DaRD. Indikators\u00e6t med tilh\u00f8rende datadefinitioner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeconom.2020.09.006","article-title":"Estimating dynamic treatment effects in event studies with heterogeneous treatment effects","volume":"225","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Econom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib46","article-title":"The global epidemic of low back pain","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib47","first-page":"47","article-title":"Gender differences in determinants and consequences of health and illness","volume":"25","author":"Vlassoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Health Popul. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08212-x","article-title":"Tip of the iceberg: unveiling the impact on back disorders from cumulative physical job exposure and evaluating bias from the healthy worker effect using a nationwide longitudinal cohort study","author":"Wiben","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626007689?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953626007689?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:11:47Z","timestamp":1792267907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953626007689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0277953626007689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Early career health shocks and long-run labour market outcomes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119691","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119691"}}