{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T02:25:27Z","timestamp":1793845527572,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:11:41Z","timestamp":1790698301000},"page":"119891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["\u201cDr. TikTok\u201d: How algorithms suggest ADHD and autism diagnoses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"410","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7715-2342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Petronis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/13445","article-title":"The use of artificially intelligent self-diagnosing digital platforms by the general public: scoping review","volume":"7","author":"Aboueid","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib2","unstructured":"#adhd Trending Hashtag on TikTok. (n.d.). Tiktok Creative Center. Retrieved November 4, 2023, from https:\/\/ads.tiktok.com\/business\/creativecenter\/hashtag\/adhd?countryCode=US&period=1095."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib3","series-title":"Tiktok as Algorithmically Mediated Biographical Illumination: Autism, self-discovery, and Platformed Diagnosis on #Autisktok","author":"Alper","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/15148","article-title":"Prevalence and outcomes of web-based health information seeking for acute symptoms: Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"22","author":"Aoun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib6","series-title":"\u201cTiktok \u2260 Therapy\u201d: Mediating Mental Health and Algorithmic Mood Disorders","author":"Avella","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib7","series-title":"Improving Diagnosis in Health Care","article-title":"The diagnostic process","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650804900103","article-title":"Electronic support groups, Patient-Consumers, and medicalization: the case of contested illness","volume":"49","author":"Barker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Why's everyone on TikTok now? The algorithmized self and the future of self-making on social media","volume":"8","author":"Bhandari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Media Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-7979(78)90150-9","article-title":"Diagnosis as category and process: the case of alcoholism","volume":"12","author":"Blaxter","year":"1978","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med. Med. Psychol. Med. Sociol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816677532","article-title":"Critical technocultural discourse analysis","volume":"20","author":"Brock","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732304272916","article-title":"Virtually he@lthy: the impact of internet use on disease experience and the doctor-patient relationship","volume":"15","author":"Broom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2307\/2626956","article-title":"Naming and framing: the social construction of diagnosis and illness","author":"Brown","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.05.031","article-title":"From diagnosis to social diagnosis","volume":"73","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine, Sociology of Diagnosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib16","series-title":"The Affordances of Social Media Platforms","author":"Bucher","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-954X.1984.tb00113.x","article-title":"Some elements of a sociology of translation: domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay","volume":"32","author":"Callon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib18","article-title":"Teens turn to TikTok in search of a mental health diagnosis","author":"Caron","year":"2022","journal-title":"The New York Times"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/17917","article-title":"Social media use for health purposes: systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/08944393231178603","article-title":"Like, comment, and share on TikTok: exploring the effect of sentiment and second-person view on the user engagement with TikTok news videos","volume":"42","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib21","first-page":"163","article-title":"\u201cIt starts on TikTok\u201d: looping effects and the impact of social media on psychiatric terms","volume":"31","author":"Chevalier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Philos. Psychiatr. Psychol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/18097","article-title":"Evaluation of four artificial intelligence\u2013assisted self-diagnosis apps on three diagnoses: Two-Year Follow-Up Study","volume":"22","author":"\u0106irkovi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib23","unstructured":"I'm CodyMD - the #1 free AI doctor (and the friendliest!). (n.d.) CodyMD. Retrieved February 26, 2025, from https:\/\/cody.md\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib24","series-title":"Medical Sociology on the Move: New Directions in Theory","first-page":"195","article-title":"Medicalization: changing contours, characteristics, and contexts","author":"Conrad","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459315611941","article-title":"Illness and the internet: from private to public experience","volume":"20","author":"Conrad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib26","series-title":"The Complexities of Physician Supply and Demand: Projections from 2021 to 2036","author":"Dall","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2024.2335625","article-title":"ADHD prevalence among U.S. children and adolescents in 2022: diagnosis, severity, Co-Occurring disorders, and treatment","volume":"53","author":"Danielson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2025.100489","article-title":"Exploring concept creep: youth's portrayal of ADHD on TikTok","volume":"8","author":"de Vries","year":"2025","journal-title":"SSM - Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib29","series-title":"Proceedings of the 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cYou can't possibly have ADHD\u201d: exploring validation and tensions around diagnosis within unbounded ADHD social media communities","author":"Eagle","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.26522\/ssj.v16i2.2675","article-title":"#ActuallyAutistic: using Twitter to construct individual and collective identity narratives","volume":"16","author":"Egner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Studies in Social Justice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01243-6","article-title":"A mixed methods systematic review of the effects of patient online self-diagnosing in the \u2018smart-phone society\u2019 on the healthcare professional-patient relationship and medical authority","volume":"20","author":"Farnood","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inf. Decis. Making"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/08912416211040560","article-title":"From the fringe to the fore: an algorithmic ethnography of the Far-Right Conspiracy Theory Group QAnon","volume":"51","author":"Forberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Ethnogr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/02667363.2024.2409451","article-title":"TikTok-inspired self-diagnosis and its implications for educational psychology practice","volume":"40","author":"Foster","year":"2024","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib34","article-title":"TikTok and the algorithmic transformation of social media publics: from social networks to social interest clusters","author":"Gerbaudo","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib35","author":"Geyser"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732310381388","article-title":"Self- and other-diagnosis in user-led mental health online communities","volume":"21","author":"Giles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib37","article-title":"Building community and identity online: a content analysis of highly viewed #autism TikTok videos","author":"Gilmore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autism in Adulthood"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.42218","article-title":"Autism diagnosis among US children and adults, 2011-2022","volume":"7","author":"Grosvenor","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443719846612","article-title":"\u2018That's not necessarily for them\u2019: LGBTIQ+ young people, social media platform affordances and identity curation","volume":"41","author":"Hanckel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Media Cult. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.09.312","article-title":"TikTok's sick-role subculture and what to Do about it","volume":"61","author":"Harness","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib41","series-title":"International Association of Societies of Design Research Congress 2023","article-title":"For who page? TikTok creators' algorithmic dependencies","author":"Herman","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib42","series-title":"How Tiktok's Algorithm Made it a Success: \u2018It Pushes the Boundaries","author":"Hern","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib43","article-title":"What is deep learning?","author":"Holdsworth","year":"2024","journal-title":"IBM"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2361","article-title":"Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"120","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2008.01152.x","article-title":"Sociology of diagnosis: a preliminary review","volume":"31","author":"Jutel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib46","first-page":"8","article-title":"Self-diagnosis: a discursive systematic review of the medical literature","volume":"15","author":"Jutel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Participat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2016-0045","article-title":"\u201cDr. Google\u201d and his predecessors","volume":"4","author":"Jutel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagnosis"},{"issue":"CSCW2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3476046","article-title":"Algorithmic folk theories and identity: how TikTok users Co-Produce knowledge of identity and engage in algorithmic resistance","volume":"5","author":"Karizat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib49","series-title":"AMIE: a Research AI System for Diagnostic Medical Reasoning and Conversations","author":"Karthikesalingam","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib50","series-title":"Teens are Using Social Media to Diagnose themselves with ADHD, Autism and More. Parents are Alarmed","author":"Kelly","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcm.2015.11.003","article-title":"Performing health identities on social media: an online observation of Facebook profiles","volume":"12","author":"Koteyko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Discourse, Context & Media"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.11440","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in clinical diagnosis: opportunities, challenges, and hype","volume":"330","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13044","article-title":"Expanding boundaries in psychiatry: uncertainty in the context of diagnosis-seeking and negotiation","volume":"42","author":"Lane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-010-0045-8","article-title":"The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"2","author":"Lange","year":"2010","journal-title":"ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib55","article-title":"\u201cTell me you have ADHD without telling me you have ADHD\u201d: neurodivergent identity performance on TikTok","volume":"10","author":"Leveille","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Media Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816675438","article-title":"The walkthrough method: an approach to the study of apps","volume":"20","author":"Light","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13702","article-title":"How artificial intelligence is reshaping the autonomy and boundary work of radiologists. A qualitative study","volume":"46","author":"Lombi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.04.004","article-title":"\u2018It's like having a physician in your pocket!\u2019 A critical analysis of self-diagnosis smartphone apps","volume":"133","author":"Lupton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib59","first-page":"188","article-title":"#ActuallyAutistic: competing cultures of expertise and knowledge in relation to autism and ADHD self-diagnosis on TikTok","volume":"49","author":"Lupton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hist. Soc. Res.\/Hist. Sozialforsch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib60","series-title":"All Things Considered","article-title":"Why the nature of TikTok could exacerbate a worrisome social media trend [Broadcast]","author":"Martin","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib61","series-title":"The Medicalization of Cyberspace","author":"Miah","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib62","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI \u201923","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cI see me here\u201d: mental health content, community, and algorithmic curation on TikTok","author":"Milton","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038504045857","article-title":"The emergence of E-Scaped medicine?","volume":"38","author":"Nettleton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-08675-1","article-title":"Quirky, relatable, misleading: adhd's viral identity on TikTok","volume":"45","author":"Neumann","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2025.100661","article-title":"Increasing self- and desired psychiatric diagnoses among emerging adults: Mixed-methods insights from clinical psychologists","volume":"26","author":"Neumann","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib66","unstructured":"#neurodivergent Trending Hashtag on TikTok. (n.d.). Tiktok Creative Center. Retrieved November 4, 2023, from https:\/\/ads.tiktok.com\/business\/creativecenter\/hashtag\/neurodivergent\/pad\/en?countryCode=US&period=1095."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00554-6","article-title":"Classifying diseases by using biological features to identify potential nosological models","volume":"11","author":"Prieto Santamar\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib68","article-title":"Internet inspired Self-Diagnosis: a new phenomenon calling for an old approach","volume":"9","author":"Rettew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Adolescent & Child Psychiatry Connect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib69","first-page":"274","article-title":"Exploring algorithmic Cultivation\u2014Sensitive Self-Disclosure, Self-Diagnosis, and hazardous mental health communication on TikTok","volume":"38","author":"Romann","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Media Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11133-022-09518-2","article-title":"Diagnosis as subculture: subversions of health and medical knowledges in the orthorexia recovery community on Instagram","volume":"45","author":"Ross Arguedas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114619","article-title":"The contested meaning of \u201clong COVID\u201d\u2014Patients, doctors, and the politics of subjective evidence","volume":"292","author":"Roth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib72","series-title":"Utah Center for Evidence Based Treatment","article-title":"\u201cTikTok made me think I had ADHD\u201d: what Clinicians should know about ethics in client self-diagnosis","author":"Rowley","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib73","series-title":"Explaining Audhd: the expert-led Guide to Autism and ADHD Co-concurrence","author":"Sadiq","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5210\/spir.v2021i0.12039","article-title":"ON getting CARRIED away by the TIKTOK algorithm","author":"Schellewald","year":"2021","journal-title":"AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3492841","article-title":"How to tame \u201cYour\u201d Algorithm: LGBTQ+ Users' domestication of TikTok","volume":"6","author":"Simpson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"issue":"CSCW3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3432951","article-title":"For you, or for \u201cyou\u201d? Everyday LGBTQ+ encounters with TikTok","volume":"4","author":"Simpson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib77","series-title":"Stop Asking Dr. Google for Advice","author":"Swaminath","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgpopen17X100833","article-title":"The effect of Dr Google on doctor\u2013patient encounters in primary care: a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study","volume":"1","author":"Van Riel","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJGP Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41754-0","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness requirements for implementing artificial intelligence technology in the Women's UK Breast Cancer Screening service","volume":"14","author":"Vargas-Palacios","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbac077","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for breast US","volume":"5","author":"Villa-Camacho","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Breast Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib81","series-title":"Autism: a Social and Medical History","author":"Waltz","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038585019004005","article-title":"Why not a sociology of machines? The case of sociology and artificial intelligence","volume":"19","author":"Woolgar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib83","series-title":"Examination of Underlying Factors in Success of Tiktok","first-page":"296","author":"Yao","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-954X.1972.tb00220.x","article-title":"Medicine as an institution of social control","volume":"20","author":"Zola","year":"1972","journal-title":"Sociol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795362600969X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795362600969X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T01:31:21Z","timestamp":1793842281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027795362600969X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S027795362600969X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cDr. TikTok\u201d: How algorithms suggest ADHD and autism diagnoses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119891","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119891"}}