{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T02:24:49Z","timestamp":1793845489390,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:36:38Z","timestamp":1792276598000},"page":"119940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The long-term and spillover effects of a radio drama on HIV knowledge, expressed stigma, willingness to disclose, and political priorities: Evidence from a cluster-randomized trial in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"410","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2543-4545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan W.","family":"Groves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alphoncina","family":"Kagaigai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2501-6063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantine","family":"Manda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Montano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2583-9166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Savannah","family":"Nivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bardia","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8850-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald P.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260701301194","article-title":"Persuasive effects of fictional narratives increase over time","volume":"10","author":"Appel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12323-1","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-positive adolescents living in Tanzania","volume":"21","author":"Audi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b3","series-title":"HIV and AIDS in East and Southern Africa Regional Overview","author":"Avert","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198104263660","article-title":"Health promotion by social cognitive means","volume":"31","author":"Bandura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b5","series-title":"Insights in the Economics of Aging","first-page":"285","article-title":"Movies, margins, and marketing: Encouraging the adoption of iron-fortified salt","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b6","series-title":"The entertaining way to behavioral change: Fighting HIV with MTV","author":"Banerjee","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000467","article-title":"The relationship between social norms and sexual risk-reduction intentions and behavior among men who have sex with men: Findings from an eHealth intervention","volume":"33","author":"Basaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2019.3321","article-title":"Teaching through television: Experimental evidence on entrepreneurship education in Tanzania","volume":"66","author":"Bjorvatn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730290001774","article-title":"Indirect exposure to a family planning mass media campaign in Nepal","volume":"7","author":"Boulay","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.5.1032","article-title":"Central and peripheral routes to persuasion: An individual difference perspective.","volume":"51","author":"Cacioppo","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0960-3","article-title":"Evaluating a brief, video-based sexual risk reduction intervention and assessment reactivity with STI clinic patients: Results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Carey","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1086\/521848","article-title":"Complex contagions and the weakness of long ties","volume":"113","author":"Centola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b13","first-page":"28","article-title":"The importance of interpersonal discussion and self-efficacy in knowledge, attitude, and practice models","volume":"3","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2012.702604","article-title":"The persuasive influence of narrative causality: Psychological mechanism, strength in overcoming resistance, and persistence over time","volume":"15","author":"Dahlstrom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27939","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11012-y","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of entertainment-education interventions on persuasive health outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Dor\u00e9","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200412150-00016","article-title":"Antenatal couple counseling increases uptake of interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission","volume":"37","author":"Farquhar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b17","series-title":"Entertain, educate, destigmatize: Experimental evidence from a multi-component HIV intervention for adolescent girls in Kenya","author":"Ferrari","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02550-4","article-title":"Do sexual partners talk to each other about HIV? Exploring factors associated with HIV-related partner communication among men and women in Tanzania","volume":"24","author":"Fonner","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b19","series-title":"Entertainment-Education Behind the Scenes: Case Studies for Theory and Practice","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1017\/S000305541000047X","article-title":"How large and long-lasting are the persuasive effects of televised campaign ads? Results from a randomized field experiment","volume":"105","author":"Gerber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. Politi. Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.5.701","article-title":"The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives","volume":"79","author":"Green","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981211010421","article-title":"A radio drama\u2019s effects on HIV attitudes and policy priorities: A field experiment in Tanzania","volume":"48","author":"Green","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1177\/00104140221139385","article-title":"A radio drama\u2019s effects on attitudes toward early and forced marriage: Results from a field experiment in rural Tanzania","volume":"56","author":"Green","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comp. Politi. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1086\/726964","article-title":"The effects of independent local radio on Tanzanian public opinion: Evidence from a planned natural experiment","volume":"86","author":"Green","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Politics"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1177\/0010414020912275","article-title":"Countering violence against women by encouraging disclosure: A mass media experiment in rural Uganda","volume":"53","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Politi. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5070-0","article-title":"Evaluation of two health education interventions to improve the varicella vaccination: A randomized controlled trial from a province in the east China","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1017\/S1537592718002153","article-title":"It\u2019s the end of the world and they know it: How dystopian fiction shapes political attitudes","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perspect. Politics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055421001349","article-title":"\u201cOutside lobbying\u201d over the airwaves: A randomized field experiment on televised issue ads","volume":"116","author":"Kalla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. Politi. Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1086\/266687","article-title":"The two-step flow of communication: An up-to-date report on an hypothesis","volume":"21","author":"Katz","year":"1957","journal-title":"Public Opin. Q."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2307\/2533558","article-title":"Small sample inference for fixed effects from maximum likelihood","volume":"53","author":"Kenward","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2007.00733.x","article-title":"Experimental analysis of neighborhood effects","volume":"75","author":"Kling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1080\/03003930.2020.1842735","article-title":"Untangling blame and responsibility for service delivery and local governance performance: Testing a grounded social accountability approach in Tanzania","volume":"47","author":"Mdee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Local Gov. Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730117219","article-title":"Personal communication networks and the effects of an entertainment-education radio soap opera in Tanzania","volume":"6","author":"Mohammed","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b34","series-title":"The Politics of Gender Norms: Evidence from Rural Tanzania","author":"Montano","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b35","series-title":"Increasing awareness of gender-based violence outside of the household: Experimental evidence from a field experiment in rural Tanzania","author":"Montano","year":"2025"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730490271566","article-title":"Diffusion of innovations: Family planning in developing countries","volume":"9","author":"Murphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055409990128","article-title":"Deference, dissent, and dispute resolution: An experimental intervention using mass media to change norms and behavior in Rwanda","volume":"103","author":"Paluck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Politi. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/bpp.2025.10010","article-title":"The persuasive effects of narrative entertainment: A meta-analysis of recent experiments","author":"Rahmani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Public Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.1999.00193.x","article-title":"Effects of an entertainment-education radio soap opera on family planning behavior in Tanzania","volume":"30","author":"Rogers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stud. Fam. Plan."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6691-7","article-title":"Understanding factors influencing linkage to HIV care in a rural setting, Mbeya, Tanzania: Qualitative findings of a mixed methods study","volume":"19","author":"Sanga","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4093-x","article-title":"Effects of the Informed Health Choices podcast on the ability of parents of primary school children in Uganda to assess the trustworthiness of claims about treatment effects: One-year follow up of a randomised trial","volume":"21","author":"Semakula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2307\/3088271","article-title":"Spousal communication and family planning adoption: Effects of a radio drama serial in Nepal","volume":"28","author":"Sharan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b43","first-page":"173","article-title":"Entertainment\u2014Education and elaboration likelihood: Understanding the processing of narrative persuasion","volume":"12","author":"Slater","year":"2002","journal-title":"Commun. Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b44","first-page":"420","article-title":"The roles of interpersonal communication in mass media campaigns","volume":"31","author":"Southwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Commun. Yearb."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2008.01329.x","article-title":"When (and why) interpersonal talk matters for campaigns","volume":"19","author":"Southwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b46","unstructured":"Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS), Zanzibar AIDS Commission (ZAC), 2018. Tanzania HIV Impact Survey (THIS) 2016\u20132017. Final report, URL https:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/tanzania-final-report\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2307\/2133511","article-title":"Radio promotion of family planning in The Gambia","volume":"20","author":"Valente","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730050131398","article-title":"A staged model of communication effects: Evidence from an entertainment\u2013education radio soap opera in Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"Vaughan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-7-6","article-title":"Parent-child communication about sexual and reproductive health in rural Tanzania: Implications for young people\u2019s sexual health interventions","volume":"7","author":"Wamoyi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.2731","article-title":"Parent-adolescent sexual communication and adolescent safer sex behavior: A meta-analysis","volume":"170","author":"Widman","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/rssa.12571","article-title":"A placebo design to detect spillovers from an education\u2013entertainment experiment in Uganda","volume":"183","author":"Wilke","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A: Stat. Soc."}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795362601018X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795362601018X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T01:28:35Z","timestamp":1793842115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027795362601018X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S027795362601018X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The long-term and spillover effects of a radio drama on HIV knowledge, expressed stigma, willingness to disclose, and political priorities: Evidence from a cluster-randomized trial in Tanzania","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2026.119940","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"119940"}}