{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1782831778436,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Solar Energy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T05:45:49Z","timestamp":1691646349000},"page":"111931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An experimental study on hybrid control of a solar tracking system to maximize energy harvesting in Jordan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Al-Othman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1060-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq","family":"Younes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Al-Adwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Al Khawaldah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3158-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Alauthman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6140-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alkhedher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0005","unstructured":"Piotr Bojek. (2022, September). Renewables. Energy system overview, License CC By 4.0, from https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/renewables."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1051\/epjpv\/2022010","article-title":"Snapshot of photovoltaics\u2013February 2022","volume":"13","author":"J\u00e4ger-Waldau","year":"2022","journal-title":"EPJ Photovolt."},{"issue":"6640","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf6957","article-title":"Photovoltaics at multi-terawatt scale: waiting is not an option","volume":"380","author":"Haegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0020","unstructured":"Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR). (2017). Annual Reports. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.memr.gov.jo\/En\/NewsDetails\/Annual_Report_2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03346","article-title":"Current status and future investment potential in renewable energy in Jordan: An overview","volume":"6","author":"Abu-Rumman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2020.02.004","article-title":"Review on Sun Tracking Technology in solar PV system","volume":"6","author":"Awasthi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0035","article-title":"Performance comparison analysis of fixed and solar-tracker installed panel at PV System","volume":"709","author":"Wibowo","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. L. Chua, Y. K. Yong, Y. Y. Koh, (2017, September). Performance comparison of single axis tracking and 40\u00b0 solar panels for sunny weather, in: AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1885, No. 1, p. 020082). AIP Publishing LLC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5002276.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5002276"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2014.10.011","article-title":"Novel organic and polymeric materials for solar energy conversions","volume":"57","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2932694","article-title":"Design and hardware implementation of new Adaptive Fuzzy Logic-based MPPT control method for photovoltaic applications","volume":"7","author":"Rezk","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2019.02.013","article-title":"Technical performance analysis of the smart solar photovoltaic blinds based on the solar tracking methods considering the climate factors","volume":"190","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Build."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0060","article-title":"Designing and performance analysis of solar tracker system: A case study of \u00c7ukurova region","volume":"165\u2013184","author":"Alici","year":"2021","journal-title":"Design Anal. Appl. Renew. Energy Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0065","series-title":"2018 IEEE 5th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Application (ICSIMA)","article-title":"High efficiency portable solar generator utilizing optimum solar panel orientation","author":"Shafie","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-087872-0.00112-8","article-title":"Solar radiation resource assessment for renewable energy conversion","volume":"213\u2013237","author":"Myers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr. Renew. Energy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2006.12.020","article-title":"Application of new control strategy for Sun Tracking","volume":"48","author":"Rubio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Energ. Conver. Manage."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2011.08.031","article-title":"A novel prediction algorithm for solar angles using solar radiation and differential evolution for dual-axis sun tracking purposes","volume":"85","author":"Seme","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2014.07.002","article-title":"A multipurpose dual-axis solar tracker with two tracking strategies","volume":"72","author":"Yao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0090","series-title":"2018 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT)","article-title":"Model predictive control on dual axis solar tracker using MATLAB\/Simulink Simulation","author":"Ikhwan","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0095","series-title":"2018 International Ural Conference on Green Energy (UralCon)","article-title":"Simulation model of autonomous solar power plant with dual-axis solar tracker","author":"Mitrofanov","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2016.04.063","article-title":"Novel high efficient offline sensorless dual-axis solar tracker for using in photovoltaic systems and solar concentrators","volume":"95","author":"Fathabadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0105","first-page":"130","article-title":"Performance of dual axis solar tracking system using fuzzy logic control: a case study in Pinarhisar, Turkey","volume":"2","author":"Toylan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Eng. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0110","first-page":"144","article-title":"A fuzzy simulated annealing algorithm for minimizing consumer electricity bill under demand response","volume":"14","author":"Mamlook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Secur. (IJCSIS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0115","series-title":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","article-title":"GPS based portable dual-axis solar tracking system using astronomical equation","author":"Sidek","year":"2014"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.4236\/jsea.2011.43018","article-title":"A design of a PID self-tuning controller using labview","volume":"04","author":"Alia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Softw. Eng. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2019.100618","article-title":"A low-cost dual-axis solar tracking system based on digital logic design: Design and implementation","volume":"37","author":"Jamroen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.05.024","article-title":"Novel closed-loop dual control algorithm for solar trackers of parabolic trough collector systems","volume":"259","author":"Saldivar-Aguilera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2006.10.005","article-title":"Evaluating multi-axes sun-tracking system at different modes of operation in Jordan","volume":"12","author":"Abu-Khader","year":"2008","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2020.10.071","article-title":"Control algorithms applied to active solar tracking systems: A review","volume":"212","author":"Fuentes-Morales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2021.06.024","article-title":"Dual-axis schedule tracker with an adaptive algorithm for a strong scattering of sunbeam","volume":"224","author":"Saymbetov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Ahuja, G. Singh, S.M. Singh, S. Bhat, S.K. Saha, Development and deployment of a hybrid controller for a dual-axis solar tracker system, in: 2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECCME55909.2022.9988585"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2018.06.011","article-title":"Performance evaluation of a multi-degree of freedom hybrid controlled dual axis solar tracking system","volume":"170","author":"Safan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Reda, A. Andreas, Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications (revised) (No. NREL\/TP-560-34302). National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States) (2008).","DOI":"10.2172\/15003974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Elgeziry, T. Hatem, Designing a dual-axis Open-loop solar tracker for CPV applications, in: 2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) (pp. 1522-1524). IEEE (2020).","DOI":"10.1109\/PVSC45281.2020.9300699"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Rinaldi, B.S. Aprillia, C. Ekaputri, M. Reza, Design of open loop single axis solar tracker system, in: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 982, No. 1, p. 012016). IOP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/982\/1\/012016"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14915","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3072876","article-title":"A new design of dual-axis solar tracking system with LDR sensors by using the wheatstone bridge circuit","volume":"21","author":"Saeedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Suryanto, N. Hudallah, T. Andrasto, C.F. Adhiningtyas, S.A. Khusniasari, Dual-axis solar tracking system based on Raspberry Pi imaging, in: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 700, No. 1, p. 012016). IOP Publishing.","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/700\/1\/012016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2021.05.077","article-title":"Computer vision and photosensor based hybrid control strategy for a two-axis solar tracker-Daylighting application","volume":"224","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.H.S. Hameed, M.Z. Hasan, J.A.M. Jobran, Design on real time control for dual axis solar tracker for mobile robot, in: Proceedings of the 11th National Technical Seminar on Unmanned System Technology 2019 (pp. 1155-1172). Springer, Singapore, (2021).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-5281-6_82"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Rahmawati, W. Priharti, M.I.Y. Mardiana, A prototype of solar panel position control system based on image processing. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 830, No. 3, p. 032045). IOP Publishing. (2020, April).","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/830\/3\/032045"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Zhao, W. Liu, R. Xia, H. Bian, Research on algorithm of optimized sub-regional scanning path generation for RPM, in: 2007 International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Harbin, China, 2007, pp. 587-592, doi: 10.1109\/ICMA.2007.4303609.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMA.2007.4303609"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3390\/s20020448","article-title":"A new stitching method for dark-field surface defects inspection based on simplified target-tracking and path correction","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-019-01406-y","article-title":"H-V scan and diagonal trajectory: accurate and low power localization algorithms in WSNs","volume":"11","author":"Kargar-Barzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2006.03.009","article-title":"Empirical validation of models to compute solar irradiance on inclined surfaces for building energy simulation","volume":"81","author":"Loutzenhiser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0220","unstructured":"Solcast API. Solar Irradiance Data. Retrieved from https:\/\/solcast.com."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.15866\/irecon.v5i6.13802","article-title":"Modeling and simulation of a novel photovoltaic solar system","volume":"5","author":"Ajdid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Convers. (IRECON)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0230","series-title":"Solar Power in Building Design: The Engineer's Complete Design Resource","author":"Gevorkian","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0235","series-title":"Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes","author":"Duffie","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.11.077","article-title":"The role of climatic-design-operational parameters on combined PV\/T collector performance: A critical review","volume":"57","author":"Elbreki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0245","series-title":"Handbook of Networked and Embedded Control Systems","first-page":"45","article-title":"Basics of sampling and quantization","author":"Santina","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2019.07.086","article-title":"Solcast: Validation of a satellite-derived solar irradiance dataset","volume":"189","author":"Bright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.01.050","article-title":"Assessment of direct normal irradiance and cloud connections using satellite data over Australia","volume":"143","author":"Prasad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Cao, S. Liu, F. Cao, Midpoint distance circle generation algorithm based on midpoint circle algorithm and Bresenham circle algorithm. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1438, No. 1, p. 012017). IOP Publishing. (2020).","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1438\/1\/012017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0265","first-page":"617","article-title":"An alternative approach to circle drawing","volume":"86","author":"Ray","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Indian Inst. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2013.07.036","article-title":"On covering a digital disc with concentric circles in Z2","volume":"506","author":"Bera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theor. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2018.06.017","article-title":"Load angle estimation for dynamic stepping motor motion applications","volume":"53","author":"De Viaene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mechatronics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082685","article-title":"A low-cost, stand-alone sensory platform for monitoring extreme solar overirradiance events","volume":"18","author":"Chase","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.3844\/ajassp.2008.1518.1521","article-title":"Speed estimation of adaptive fuzzy-controlled piezo-electric motor using MLP-Neural Network","volume":"5","author":"Alsabbah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0290","first-page":"101363","article-title":"A prediction model for the performance of solar photovoltaic-thermoelectric systems utilizing various semiconductors via optimal surrogate machine learning methods","volume":"40","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6024","DOI":"10.3390\/en15166024","article-title":"Predicting the optimal performance of a concentrated solar segmented variable leg thermoelectric generator using neural networks","volume":"15","author":"Maduabuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931_b0300","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multiobjective optimization and machine learning algorithms for forecasting the 3e performance of a concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric system","volume":"2023","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."}],"container-title":["Solar Energy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0038092X23005649?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0038092X23005649?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T09:15:40Z","timestamp":1758532540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0038092X23005649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S0038092X23005649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931","relation":{},"ISSN":["0038-092X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0038-092X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An experimental study on hybrid control of a solar tracking system to maximize energy harvesting in Jordan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Solar Energy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111931","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 International Solar Energy Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111931"}}