{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T16:42:18Z","timestamp":1783788138147,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Pediatric Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T10:37:22Z","timestamp":1553596642000},"page":"26-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Diagnosis of Concussion on the Sidelines"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Douglas","family":"Comeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0001","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged <\/= 19 years, United States, 2001-2009","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00001","article-title":"The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: A brief overview","volume":"21","author":"Langlois","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0003","first-page":"495","article-title":"Concussions among United State high school and collegiate athletes","volume":"42","author":"Gessel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athletic Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000433","article-title":"Concussion Guidelines Step 1: Systematic review of prevalent indicators","volume":"75","author":"Carney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2009.12.1738","article-title":"Summary of the National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement on the acute management of the cervical spine injured athlete","volume":"37","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.07","article-title":"National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement: Management of sport concussion","volume":"49","author":"Broglio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Athletic Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0007","first-page":"228","article-title":"The neurometabolic cascade of concussion","volume":"36","author":"Giza","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Athletic Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000306102.91506.8b","article-title":"Measurement of head impacts in collegiate football players: Clinical measures of concussion after high and low magnitude impacts","volume":"61","author":"McCaffrey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.019182","article-title":"Biomechanical investigation of head impacts in football","volume":"39","author":"Withnall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200501000-00002","article-title":"Analysis of real-time head accelerations in collegiate football players","volume":"15","author":"Duma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000318162.67472.ad","article-title":"Head impact severity measures for evaluating mild traumatic brain injury risk exposure","volume":"62","author":"Greenwald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000306103.68635.1a","article-title":"Measurement of head impacts in collegiate football players: Relationship between head impact biomechanics and acute clinical outcomes after concussion","volume":"61","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0013","unstructured":"Guidelines for concussion. World Rugby Web site. Available at: http:\/\/www.irbplayerswelfare.com."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0014","unstructured":"Men's and women's soccer 2012-13 rules interpretations. National Collegiate Athletic Association Web site. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2012%20Soccer%20Guide%20%20A%20."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0015","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons. Advanced Trauma Life Support for Doctors 8th edition Chicago, IL; 2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2005.02.004","article-title":"Prospective performance assessment of an out-of-hospital protocol for selective spine immobilization using clinical spine clearance criteria","volume":"46","author":"Domeier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0017","first-page":"285","article-title":"Cervical spine trauma associated with moderate and severe head injury: Incidence, risk factors and injury characteristics","volume":"96","author":"Holly","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(03)00814-X","article-title":"Interrater reliability of Glasgow Coma Scale scores in the emergency department","volume":"43","author":"Gill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70120-6","article-title":"The Glasgow Coma Scale at 40 years: Standing the test of time","volume":"13","author":"Teasdale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318275044f","article-title":"Sideline preparedness for the team physician: A consensus statement 2012 update","volume":"44","author":"Herring","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2012.06.003","article-title":"Intracranial Hemorrhage","volume":"30","author":"Caceras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828d57dd","article-title":"Summary of evidence-based guideline update: Evaluation and management of concussion in sports: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"80","author":"Giza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200409000-00007","article-title":"Serial administration of clinical concussion assessments and learning effects in healthy youth sports participants","volume":"14","author":"Valovich McLeod","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091941","article-title":"American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: Concussion in sport","volume":"47","author":"Harmon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport \u2013 the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"0","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool fifth edition (SCAT5)","volume":"0","author":"Echemendia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.1.FOCUS15611","article-title":"The sport concussion assessment tool: A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Yengo-Kahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.059832","article-title":"Sport concussion assessment tool: Baseline values for varsity collision sport athletes","volume":"43","author":"Shehata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000102","article-title":"Prospective clinical assessment using sideline concussion assessment tool-2 testing in the evaluation of sport-related concussion in collegiate athletes","volume":"25","author":"Putukian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516648141","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the sport concussion assessment tool-3 (SCAT3) in high school and collegiate athletes","volume":"44","author":"Chin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0031","first-page":"274","article-title":"Standardized mental status testing on the sideline after sport-related concussion","volume":"36","author":"McCrea","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Athletic Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0032","first-page":"6","article-title":"An objective measure of recovery from concussion in Australian rules footballers","volume":"7","author":"Maddocks","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182342e64","article-title":"Concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) and the team physician: A consensus statement 2011 update","volume":"43","author":"Herring","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324826an1303_4","article-title":"Measurement of symptoms following sports-related concussion: Reliability and normative data for the post-concussion scale","volume":"13","author":"Lovell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.058339","article-title":"Self-reported scales\/checklists for the measurement of concussion symptoms a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Alla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200401000-00003","article-title":"Unreported concussion in high school football players: Implications from prevention","volume":"14","author":"McCrea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp025","article-title":"Concussion symptom inventory: An empirically derived scale for monitoring resolution of symptoms following sports-related concussion","volume":"24","author":"Randolph","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.09.005","article-title":"The acute symptoms of sport-related concussion: Diagnosis and the on-field management","volume":"30","author":"Putukian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0335-6","article-title":"Differences in symptom reporting between males and females at baseline and after a sports-related concussion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/167.10.873","article-title":"The implementation and use of the standardized assessment of concussion at the US Naval Academy","volume":"167","author":"Daniel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255479.90999.C0","article-title":"Sensitivity of the concussion assessment battery","volume":"60","author":"Broglio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181b625fe","article-title":"The relationship of athlete-reported concussion symptoms and objective measures of neuro-cognitive function and postural control","volume":"19","author":"Broglio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0043","first-page":"263","article-title":"Postural stability and neuropsychological deficits after concussion in collegiate athletes","volume":"36","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Athletic Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200107000-00009","article-title":"Postural stability assessment following concussion: One piece of the puzzle","volume":"11","author":"Guskiewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838010-00005","article-title":"The effect of sport concussion on neurocognitive function, self-report symptoms and postural control: A meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Broglio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2008.06.002","article-title":"Intrarater and interrater reliability of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)","volume":"1","author":"Finnoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0047","first-page":"156","article-title":"Performance on the Balance Error Scoring System decreases after fatigue","volume":"39","author":"Wilkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Athletic Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0048","first-page":"241","article-title":"Balance recovers within 20\u00a0min after exertion as measured by the Balance Error Scoring System","volume":"39","author":"Susco","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Athletic Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0049","first-page":"19","article-title":"Effects of mild head injury on postural stability as measured through clinical balance testing","volume":"35","author":"Riemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Athletic Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000226","article-title":"Adding vision to concussion testing: A prospective study of sideline testing in youth and collegiate athletes","volume":"35","author":"Galetta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroopthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2014.12.005","article-title":"The King-Devick test for sideline concussion screening in collegiate football","volume":"8","author":"Leong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821184c9","article-title":"The King-Devick test as a determinant of head trauma and concussion in boxers and MMA fighters","volume":"76","author":"Galetta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.07.039","article-title":"The King-Devick test and sports-related concussion: Study of a rapid visual screening tool in a collegiate cohort","volume":"309","author":"Galetta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.02.008","article-title":"Saccades and memory: Baseline associations of the King-Devick and SCAT2 SAC tests in professional ice hockey players","volume":"328","author":"Galetta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091579","article-title":"Effect of sport-related concussion on clinically measured simple reaction time","volume":"48","author":"Eckner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617701766052","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of standardized neurocognitive testing immediately following sports concussion","volume":"7","author":"Barr","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000140","article-title":"Effect of acute exercise on clinically measured reaction time in collegiate athletes","volume":"46","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.2466\/25.15.PMS.120v19x6","article-title":"Reliability and criterion validity of a novel clinical test of simple and complex reaction time in athletes","volume":"120","author":"Eckner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092158","article-title":"Onfield assessment of concussion in the adult athlete","volume":"47","author":"Putakian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2005","article-title":"Clinical report: Sport-related concussion in children and adolescents","volume":"126","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090526","article-title":"Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-2: Baseline values for high school athletes","volume":"46","author":"Jinguji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2013.867265","article-title":"Normative values of major SCAT2 and SCAT3 components for a college athlete population","volume":"22","author":"Zimmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Pediatric Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071909119300130?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071909119300130?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T13:00:43Z","timestamp":1567515643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1071909119300130"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S1071909119300130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-9091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-9091","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosis of Concussion on the Sidelines","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Pediatric Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}