{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:31:29Z","timestamp":1790242289906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Pediatric Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T15:01:23Z","timestamp":1553612483000},"page":"117-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Concussion: A Global Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Kam Lun","family":"Hon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander K.C.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alcy R.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0001","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of mild traumatic brain injury in children","volume":"172","author":"Lumba-Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000111872","article-title":"Observations on concussion. A review","volume":"59","author":"Pearce","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31813444ea","article-title":"Controversies in the sequelae of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.15.1617","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury: Toward understanding manifestations and treatment","volume":"158","author":"Kushner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2013.05.007","article-title":"Pediatric head injury and concussion","volume":"31","author":"Wing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-200710000-00002","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury: Determinants and subsequent quality of life. A review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Petchprapai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000165601.29047.ae","article-title":"Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Iverson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.23.6.837.1018","article-title":"Prediction of outcome in mild to moderate head injury: A review","volume":"23","author":"van der Naalt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(00)90060-3","article-title":"Current controversies in the management of minor pediatric head injuries","volume":"18","author":"Savitsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0010","first-page":"341","article-title":"The impact of traumatic brain injuries: A global perspective","volume":"22","author":"Hyder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuro Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e318078cfe7","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury","volume":"45","author":"Parikh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1940.sp003887","article-title":"Experimental cerebral concussion","volume":"99","author":"Denny-Brown","year":"1940","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.122.2.107","article-title":"Mild head injury in children and adolescents: A review of studies (1970-1995)","volume":"122","author":"Satz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050400025042","article-title":"A systematic review of treatments for mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Comper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31827f5f93","article-title":"American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: Concussion in sport","volume":"23","author":"Harmon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.1.6","article-title":"Summary and agreement statement of the First International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Vienna 2001. Recommendations for the improvement of safety and health of athletes who may suffer concussive injuries","volume":"36","author":"Aubry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.21.4.4","article-title":"Overview of concussion consensus statements since 2000","volume":"21","author":"Cantu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097878","article-title":"5th international conference on concussion in sport (Berlin)","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s003290050153","article-title":"Concussion confusion","volume":"9","author":"Parkinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Rev Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0020","unstructured":"Head Injury: Triage, Assessment, Investigation and Early Management of Head Injury in Infants, Children and Adults. National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care (UK). London: National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care (UK); 2007."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/10598405040200050401","article-title":"Second-impact syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Cobb","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Sch Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0022","first-page":"244","article-title":"Posttraumatic retrograde and anterograde amnesia: Pathophysiology and implications in grading and safe return to play","volume":"36","author":"Cantu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018614","article-title":"Summary and agreement statement of the 2nd international conference on concussion in sport, Prague 2004","volume":"39","author":"McCrory","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.06.018","article-title":"New guidelines for management of concussion in sport: Special concern for youth","volume":"53","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"43 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023732","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and prevention of mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on mild traumatic brain injury","author":"Cassidy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-015-0506-z","article-title":"Update on the epidemiology of concussion\/mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Voss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00001","article-title":"The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: A brief overview","volume":"21","author":"Langlois","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097729","article-title":"Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: A systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Iverson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9087","article-title":"Prevalence of concussion among US adolescents and correlated factors","volume":"318","author":"Veliz","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0030","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged \u226419 years\u2014United States, 2001-2009","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324826AN1001_2","article-title":"Current issues in the identification, assessment, and management of concussions in sports-related injuries","volume":"10","author":"McKeever","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182342e64","article-title":"Concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) and the team physician: A consensus statement\u20142011 update","volume":"43","author":"Herring","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000186726.18341.70","article-title":"Concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) and the team physician: A consensus statement","volume":"37","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2005.01.020","article-title":"Recognition and characteristics of concussions in the emergency department population","volume":"29","author":"Delaney","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094978","article-title":"The incidence of concussion in youth sports: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Pfister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6724a3","article-title":"Self-reported concussions from playing a sport or being physically active among high school students\u2014United States, 2017","volume":"67","author":"De Padilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2005.09.007","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of concussion","volume":"34","author":"Gordon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2017.1403046","article-title":"Validation of \u201creported concussion\u201d within a national health survey","volume":"32","author":"Gordon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp064645","article-title":"Clinical practice. Concussion","volume":"356","author":"Ropper","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn347","article-title":"Brain function decline in healthy retired athletes who sustained their last sports concussion in early adulthood","volume":"132","author":"De Beaumont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200107000-00004","article-title":"Does second impact syndrome exist?","volume":"11","author":"McCrory","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092734","article-title":"Risk factors for sports concussion: An evidence-based systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Abrahams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090115","article-title":"The epidemiology of new versus recurrent sports concussions among high school athletes, 2005-2010","volume":"46","author":"Castile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.067","article-title":"Annual and seasonal trends in ambulatory visits for pediatric concussion in Ontario between 2003 and 2013","volume":"181","author":"Zemek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181ccc8b4","article-title":"The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury","volume":"25","author":"Corrigan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.03.006","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries in Australian school level rugby union","volume":"20","author":"Leung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13405","article-title":"Prevalence of head injury and medically diagnosed concussion in junior-level community-based Australian Rules Football","volume":"53","author":"Hecimovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000276","article-title":"Incidence and factors associated with concussion injuries at the 2011 to 2014 South African rugby union youth week tournaments","volume":"26","author":"McFie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12219","article-title":"Prevalence of and attitudes about concussion in Irish schools\u2019 rugby union players","volume":"85","author":"Delahunty","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0050","first-page":"40","article-title":"The epidemiology of brain injury and the organization of health care to victims in Aden (Yemen)","author":"Shukri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.07.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of football injuries in Asia: A prospective study in Qatar","volume":"16","author":"Eirale","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000066","article-title":"Concussion surveillance","volume":"25","author":"Eirale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200104000-00003","article-title":"Sport and recreation-related head injuries treated in the emergency department","volume":"11","author":"Kelly","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000184638.72075.b7","article-title":"Survey of sport participation and sport injury in Calgary and area high schools","volume":"16","author":"Emery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0055","first-page":"495","article-title":"Concussions among United States high school and collegiate athletes","volume":"42","author":"Gessel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0056","first-page":"354","article-title":"Analysis on sports and recreation related injuries through data from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System, 2009-2013","volume":"36","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15179","article-title":"Patient-oriented eczema measure (POEM), a core instrument to measure symptoms in clinical trials: A harmonising outcome measures for eczema (HOME) statement","volume":"176","author":"Spuls","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000433","article-title":"Concussion guidelines step 1","volume":"75","author":"Carney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510376737","article-title":"High school concussions in the 2008-2009 academic year: Mechanism, symptoms, and management","volume":"38","author":"Meehan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/17.1.31","article-title":"Evaluation and management of children and adolescents with sports-related concussion","volume":"17","author":"Purcell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2005","article-title":"American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical report\u2014Sport-related concussion in children and adolescents","volume":"126","author":"Halstead","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00043860-200604000-00007","article-title":"Mild traumatic brain injury in children: Just another bump on the head?","volume":"13","author":"Cook","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trauma Nurs"},{"issue":"43 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023822","article-title":"Diagnostic procedures in mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on mild traumatic brain injury","author":"Borg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828d57dd","article-title":"Summary of evidence-based guideline update: Evaluation and management of concussion in sports: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"80","author":"Giza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.4.434","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The 3rd international conference on concussion in sport held in Zurich, November 2008","volume":"44","author":"McCrory","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2017.08.005","article-title":"Sports-related concussion: Acute management and chronic postconcussive issues","volume":"27","author":"Mahooti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-006-0031-9","article-title":"Management of concussion and post-concussion syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Willer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000114","article-title":"Do children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury and persistent symptoms benefit from treatment? A systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Winkler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000062","article-title":"Management of sport-related concussion","volume":"24","author":"Brolinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3902\/jnns.21.79","article-title":"Repeated head injury during judo practice","volume":"42","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2014","journal-title":"No Shinkei Geka"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200709030-00006","article-title":"Acute gastroenteritis in children: role of anti-emetic medication for gastroenteritis-related vomiting","volume":"9","author":"Leung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814558256","article-title":"Development of a conservative protocol to return children and youth to activity following concussive injury","volume":"54","author":"De Matteo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.1.JNS13916","article-title":"Can helmet design reduce the risk of concussion in football?","volume":"120","author":"Rowson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70059-4","article-title":"Second-impact syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Cantu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yapd.2016.04.017","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"63","author":"Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.PEDS14356","article-title":"Predictors of postconcussion syndrome after sports-related concussion in young athletes: a matched case-control study","volume":"15","author":"Morgan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.09.004","article-title":"Neuropsychological evaluation in the diagnosis and management of sports-related concussion","volume":"22","author":"Moser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814543305","article-title":"Postconcussion syndrome: A review","volume":"31","author":"Barlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.2900","article-title":"Association of persistent postconcussion symptoms with pediatric quality of life","volume":"170","author":"Novak","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.JNS15664","article-title":"Postconcussion syndrome: Demographics and predictors in 221 patients","volume":"125","author":"Tator","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0081","first-page":"741","article-title":"Permanent postconcussion symptoms after mild head injury: A systematic review of age and gender factors","volume":"34","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuro Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa053614","article-title":"CD4+ invariant T-cell-receptor+ natural killer T cells in bronchial asthma","volume":"354","author":"Akbari","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0083","first-page":"504","article-title":"Influenza A associated morbidity and mortality in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit","volume":"28","author":"Milne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh304","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for concussion in high school athletes, North Carolina, 1996-1999","volume":"160","author":"Schulz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0085","first-page":"887","article-title":"Assessment and management of concussion in sports","volume":"60","author":"Harmon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.804205","article-title":"Parent-reported mild head injury history and behavioural performance in children at 6 years","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.06.133","article-title":"Ocular movement nerve palsy after mild head trauma","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.30.3.218","article-title":"Paediatric sports injuries in Hong Kong: A seven year survey","volume":"30","author":"Maffulli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0089","first-page":"63","article-title":"The characteristics of the course of the sequelae of nonsevere craniocerebral trauma in young people","author":"Akimov","year":"1992","journal-title":"Voen Med Zh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2017.1376572","article-title":"A history of concussions is associated with symptoms of common mental disorders in former male professional athletes across a range of sports","volume":"45","author":"Gouttebarge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0091","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and neurodegeneration in contact sports and American football","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00445","article-title":"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in professional American football players: Where are we now?","volume":"9","author":"Tharmaratnam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3182423bfd","article-title":"Second impact syndrome or cerebral swelling after sporting head injury","volume":"11","author":"McCrory","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S44625","article-title":"The costs of traumatic brain injury: A literature review","volume":"5","author":"Humphreys","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"43 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960410023840","article-title":"Non-surgical intervention and cost for mild traumatic brain injury: Results of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on mild traumatic brain injury","author":"Borg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.1991.tb00705.x","article-title":"Developmental and social factors in Nigerian children's accidents","volume":"17","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0097","first-page":"667","article-title":"Epidemiology of school injuries in Alexandria","volume":"73","author":"Kamel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.07.010","article-title":"Long term outcome following mild traumatic brain injury in Moroccan patients","volume":"113","author":"Fourtassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0854-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of head injuries focusing on concussions in team contact sports: A systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Prien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Pediatric Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071909119300257?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071909119300257?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T13:02:42Z","timestamp":1567515762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1071909119300257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S1071909119300257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-9091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-9091","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Concussion: A Global Perspective","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Pediatric Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2019.03.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}