{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:45:28Z","timestamp":1790729128828,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013709","name":"The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013709","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006457","name":"Child Neurology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006457","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Pediatric Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T02:08:32Z","timestamp":1622426912000},"page":"100897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rethinking Stereotypies in Autism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Meredith J.","family":"McCarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4904-4368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey C.","family":"Brumback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0001","first-page":"849","article-title":"Stereotyped movements of mental defectives. I. Initial survey","volume":"66","author":"Berkson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/10883576050200040401","article-title":"The use of an antecedent-based intervention to decrease stereotypic behavior in a general education classroom","volume":"20","author":"Conroy","year":"2005","journal-title":"focus Autism Dev Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Published by American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, VA. doi: 10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596, 2013","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0004","first-page":"171","article-title":"Motor Stereotypies: A pathophysiological review","volume":"11","author":"P\u00e9ter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci-switz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2009.03.008","article-title":"Singer HS: Motor stereotypies","volume":"16","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23994","article-title":"Stereotypies: A critical appraisal and suggestion of a clinically useful definition","volume":"27","author":"Edwards","year":"2012","journal-title":"Movement Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2007.09.006","article-title":"Stereotypy in autism: The importance of function","volume":"2","author":"Cunningham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res Autism Spect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.08.478","article-title":"Repetitive behavior severity as an early indicator of risk for elevated anxiety symptoms in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"59","author":"Baribeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0009","first-page":"149","article-title":"Clinical approach to motor stereotypies in autistic children","volume":"20","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0010","first-page":"89","article-title":"Stereotyped movements in a group of autistic children","volume":"18","author":"Gritti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3027-2","article-title":"Anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty and restricted and repetitive behaviour: Insights directly from young people with ASD","volume":"47","author":"Joyce","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1531-y","article-title":"The relationship between anxiety and repetitive behaviours in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"42","author":"Rodgers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0013","article-title":"\u201cPeople should be allowed to do what they like\u201d: Autistic adults\u2019 views and experiences of stimming","volume":"1362361319829628","author":"Kapp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Int J Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0014","series-title":"The Importance of Stimming for Autistic People","author":"Gray-Hammond","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52891-9.00008-7","article-title":"Chapter 8 clinical neurophysiology in movement disorders","volume":"111","author":"Apartis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0016","first-page":"279","article-title":"Automatic Detection and Labeling of Self-Stimulatory Behavioral Patterns in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"2017","author":"Min","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-016-0069-x","article-title":"Prevalence of stereotypy in individuals with developmental disabilities: A Systematic Review","volume":"3","author":"Chebli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/09273972.2011.600417","article-title":"Manneristic behaviors of visually impaired children","volume":"19","author":"Molloy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.47","article-title":"Stereotypies in children with a history of early institutional care","volume":"164","author":"Bos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pediat Adol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2019.100750","article-title":"Fidgeting as self-evidencing: A predictive processing account of non-goal-directed action","volume":"56","author":"Perrykkad","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Ideas Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkinson S, Deane G, Nave K, et\u00a0al.: Getting Warmer: Predictive Processing and the Nature of Emotion. In: Candiotto L. (eds) The Value of Emotions for Knowledge. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-15667-1_5.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15667-1_5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0022","article-title":"using stress balls to focus the attention of sixth-grade learners","author":"Stavley","year":"2006","journal-title":"The J At-Risk Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0023","article-title":"Cortical layers, rhythms and BOLD signals","author":"Scheeringa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.09.012","article-title":"Low-frequency neuronal oscillations as instruments of sensory selection","volume":"32","author":"Schroeder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81096-X","article-title":"Synchronous membrane potential fluctuations in neurons of the cat visual cortex","volume":"22","author":"Lampl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.12.002","article-title":"Rhythmic facilitation of sensory processing: A critical review","volume":"86","author":"Haegens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2012.14.4\/gbuzsaki","article-title":"Brain rhythms and neural syntax: implications for efficient coding of cognitive content and neuropsychiatric disease","volume":"14","author":"Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.010","article-title":"Dynamics of active sensing and perceptual selection","volume":"20","author":"Schroeder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0029","first-page":"214","article-title":"The olfactory bulb theta rhythm follows all frequencies of diaphragmatic respiration in the freely behaving rat","volume":"8","author":"Rojas-L\u00edbano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.05.001","article-title":"How the brainstem controls orofacial behaviors comprised of rhythmic actions","volume":"37","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr020","article-title":"Saccade-related modulations of neuronal excitability support synchrony of visually elicited spikes","volume":"21","author":"Ito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004132","article-title":"Microsaccade-rhythmic modulation of neural synchronization and coding within and across cortical areas V1 and V2","volume":"16","author":"Lowet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plos Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.09.019","article-title":"Fries P: Gamma synchronization between V1 and V4 improves behavioral performance","volume":"100","author":"Rohenkohl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062012-170330","article-title":"Mechanisms and functions of theta rhythms","volume":"36","author":"Colgin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.02.033","article-title":"Thalamocortical synchronization and cognition: Implications for schizophrenia?","volume":"77","author":"Uhlhaas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.07.032","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of sustained attention are rhythmic","volume":"99","author":"Helfrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.112","article-title":"Sensory perception in autism","volume":"18","author":"Robertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24469","article-title":"Neural gain control measured through cortical gamma oscillations is associated with sensory sensitivity","volume":"40","author":"Orekhova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00417","article-title":"Missing and delayed auditory responses in young and older children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"8","author":"Edgar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz214","article-title":"Dysregulated oscillatory connectivity in the visual system in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"142","author":"Seymour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-5-24","article-title":"Resting state EEG abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurodev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0242","article-title":"Alpha-to-gamma phase-amplitude coupling methods and application to autism spectrum disorder","volume":"5","author":"Berman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Connectivity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.07.017","article-title":"Independent component analysis reveals atypical electroencephalographic activity during visual perception in individuals with autism","volume":"65","author":"Milne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.06.015","article-title":"Atypical excitation\u2013inhibition balance in autism captured by the gamma response to contextual modulation","volume":"3","author":"Snijders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.029","article-title":"Language deficits in schizophrenia and autism as related oscillatory connectomopathies: An evolutionary account","volume":"83","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv043","article-title":"Somatosensory cortex functional connectivity abnormalities in autism show opposite trends, depending on direction and spatial scale","volume":"138","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(03)00172-X","article-title":"Cortical auditory system maturational abnormalities in children with autism disorder: An MEG investigation","volume":"144","author":"Gage","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1229-18.2018","article-title":"Altered gamma oscillations during motor control in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"38","author":"An","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.06.003","article-title":"Predictive sensing: The role of motor signals in sensory processing","volume":"4","author":"Brooks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00031575","article-title":"Express saccades and visual attention","volume":"16","author":"Fischer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125627","article-title":"Brain circuits for the internal monitoring of movements*","volume":"31","author":"Sommer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.01.033","article-title":"A new perspective on predictive motor signaling","volume":"28","author":"Straka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13686","article-title":"The function and failure of sensory predictions","volume":"1426","author":"Bansal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Ny Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R11","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200008030-00002","article-title":"Why can't you tickle yourself?","volume":"11","author":"Blakemore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.08.001","article-title":"Branched thalamic afferents: What are the messages that they relay to the cortex?","volume":"66","author":"Guillery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0056","first-page":"nrn3650","article-title":"Branch management: mechanisms of axon branching in the developing vertebrate CNS","volume":"15","author":"Kalil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.046441","article-title":"Developmental regulation of axon branching in the vertebrate nervous system","volume":"138","author":"Gibson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00609","article-title":"Altered neural connectivity in excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits in autism","volume":"7","author":"Zikopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1904-1","article-title":"Opposite development of short- and long-range anterior cingulate pathways in autism","volume":"136","author":"Zikopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2087","article-title":"Electrophysiological alterations in motor-auditory predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"12","author":"van","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-020-00765-6","article-title":"Significance of beta-band oscillations in autism spectrum disorders during motor response inhibition tasks: A MEG study","volume":"33","author":"Moliadze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0062","first-page":"170","article-title":"Schizophrenia and corollary discharge: A neuroscientific overview and translational implications","volume":"17","author":"Parlikar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharm Neu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20612","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20612","article-title":"Individual differences in rhythmic cortical entrainment correlate with predictive behavior in sensorimotor synchronization","volume":"6","author":"Nozaradan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep-uk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.014","article-title":"Multi-sensory gamma stimulation ameliorates alzheimer's-associated pathology and improves cognition","volume":"177","author":"Martorell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03988-1","article-title":"Olfactory inputs modulate respiration-related rhythmic activity in the prefrontal cortex and freezing behavior","volume":"9","author":"Moberly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.11.005","article-title":"Steady-state visually evoked potentials: Focus on essential paradigms and future perspectives","volume":"90","author":"Vialatte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e163","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040163","article-title":"Neuronal Oscillations enhance stimulus discrimination by ensuring action potential precision","volume":"4","author":"Schaefer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plos Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(81)80146-7","article-title":"Kicking, rocking, and waving: Contextual analysis of rhythmical stereotypies in normal human infants","volume":"29","author":"Thelen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(79)90006-X","article-title":"Rhythmical stereotypies in normal human infants","volume":"27","author":"Thelen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2012.00121","article-title":"Stereotypies in autism: A video demonstration of their clinical variability","volume":"6","author":"Goldman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves N, Rodrigues JL, Costa S, Soares F: Automatic detection of stereotyped hand flapping movements: Two different approaches, 2012 IEEE RO-MAN: The 21st IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2012, pp. 392-397, doi: 10.1109\/ROMAN.2012.6343784.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2012.6343784"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2020.07.003","article-title":"Neural correlates of rhythmic rocking in prefrontal seizures","volume":"50","author":"Zalta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurophysiologie Clinique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2013.00032","article-title":"Autism: the micro-movement perspective","volume":"7","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25057","article-title":"Hand stereotypies distinguish Rett syndrome from autism disorder","volume":"27","author":"Goldman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Movement Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2008.06.003","article-title":"The relationship between stereotyped movements and self-injurious behavior in children with developmental or sensory disabilities","volume":"30","author":"Gal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2004.00632.x","article-title":"The early development of stereotypy and self-injury: A review of research methods","volume":"49","author":"Symons","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Intell Disabil Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.02.012","article-title":"Neonatal transitions in social behavior and their implications for autism","volume":"22","author":"Shultz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4547","article-title":"GABA and glutamate in children with primary complex motor stereotypies: An 1H-MRS study at 7T","volume":"37","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25753","article-title":"Absent movement-related cortical potentials in children with primary motor stereotypies","volume":"29","author":"Houdayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Movement Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0705-8","article-title":"Circuit and molecular architecture of a ventral hippocampal network","volume":"23","author":"Gergues","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2011.10.001","article-title":"Disrupted cortical connectivity theory as an explanatory model for autism spectrum disorders","volume":"8","author":"Kana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Life Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904348116","article-title":"ANK2 autism mutation targeting giant ankyrin-B promotes axon branching and ectopic connectivity","volume":"116","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc National Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.01.017","article-title":"E3 Ligase Nedd4 promotes axon branching by downregulating PTEN","volume":"65","author":"Drinjakovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh307","article-title":"Pursuit eye movement deficits in autism","volume":"127","author":"Takarae","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.5.917","article-title":"Oculomotor evidence for neocortical systems but not cerebellar dysfunction in autism","volume":"52","author":"Minshew","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18902-w","article-title":"A Biomarker Characterizing neurodevelopment with applications in Autism","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep-uk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.215","article-title":"Accuracy of reproducing hand position when using active compared with passive movement","volume":"6","author":"Laufer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062335","article-title":"Differential effects of motor efference copies and proprioceptive information on response evaluation processes","volume":"8","author":"Stock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(80)90248-7","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell projections to the superior colliculus of the hamster demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase technique","volume":"19","author":"Chalupa","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.024","article-title":"Reciprocal circuits linking the prefrontal cortex with dorsal and ventral thalamic nuclei","volume":"98","author":"Collins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12654","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2986-08.2008","article-title":"The smooth monostratified ganglion cell: Evidence for spatial diversity in the Y-cell pathway to the lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus in the macaque monkey","volume":"28","author":"Crook","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91974-7","article-title":"Corticothalamic projections from layer V cells in rat are collaterals of long-range corticofugal axons","volume":"664","author":"Desch\u00eanes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902010102","article-title":"A collateral pathway to the neostriatum from corticofugal neurons of the rat sensory-motor cortex: An intracellular HRP study","volume":"201","author":"Donoghue","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902770204","article-title":"Mediodorsal nucleus: areal, laminar, and tangential distribution of afferents and efferents in the frontal lobe of rhesus monkeys","volume":"277","author":"Giguere","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02359-X","article-title":"Cerebellar fastigial neurons send bifurcating axons to both the left and right superior colliculus in cats","volume":"970","author":"Katoh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02156-9","article-title":"Bifurcating projections from the cerebellar fastigial neurons to the thalamic suprageniculate nucleus and to the superior colliculus","volume":"864","author":"Katoh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2017.tb00758.x","article-title":"Functioning of Circuits Connecting Thalamus and Cortex","volume":"7","author":"Sherman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4269","article-title":"Thalamus plays a central role in ongoing cortical functioning","volume":"19","author":"Sherman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990405)406:2<221::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Single axon analysis of pulvinocortical connections to several visual areas in the Macaque","volume":"406","author":"Rockland","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24054","article-title":"Individual mediodorsal thalamic neurons project to multiple areas of the rat prefrontal cortex: A single neuron-tracing study using virus vectors","volume":"525","author":"Kuramoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13170","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0562-14.2014","article-title":"Two Functionally Distinct Networks of Gap Junction-Coupled Inhibitory Neurons in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328356c1aa","article-title":"Intracortical convergence of layer 6 neurons","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902620103","article-title":"Intrinsic circuitry involving the local axon collaterals of corticothalamic projection cells in mouse SmI cortex","volume":"262","author":"White","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5990","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5717-11.2012","article-title":"The Subthalamic Nucleus Is One of Multiple Innervation Sites for Long-Range Corticofugal Axons: A Single-Axon Tracing Study in the Rat","volume":"32","author":"Kita","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20925","article-title":"Single-axon tracing study of corticostriatal projections arising from primary motor cortex in primates","volume":"496","author":"Parent","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000821)424:2<197::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Corticothalamic projections from layer 5 of the vibrissal barrel cortex in the rat","volume":"424","author":"Veinante","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-07-01715.1984","article-title":"Postnatal maturation of cerebellar mossy and climbing fibers: transient expression of dual features on single axons","volume":"4","author":"Mason","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897_bib0108","first-page":"72424","article-title":"Functional compatibility between Purkinje cell axon branches and their target neurons in the cerebellum","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Pediatric Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071909121000255?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071909121000255?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T06:38:06Z","timestamp":1761028686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1071909121000255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["S1071909121000255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-9091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-9091","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rethinking Stereotypies in Autism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Pediatric Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2021.100897","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100897"}}