{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:09:36Z","timestamp":1792624176757,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Pediatric Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T23:22:31Z","timestamp":1659655351000},"page":"100988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Perinatal Stroke in Fetuses, Preterm and Term Infants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mailo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0336","article-title":"Ischemic perinatal stroke: summary of a workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","volume":"120","author":"Raju","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-013201","article-title":"Population based birth prevalence of disease-specific perinatal stroke","volume":"146","author":"Dunbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30173-1","article-title":"Perinatal stroke: mechanisms, management, and outcomes of early cerebrovascular brain injury","volume":"2","author":"Dunbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000183","article-title":"Management of stroke in neonates and children: a scientific statement from the american heart association\/American stroke association","volume":"50","author":"Ferriero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.017356","article-title":"Workup for Perinatal Stroke Does Not Predict Recurrence","volume":"48","author":"Lehman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2019.08.003","article-title":"Perinatal Stroke","volume":"32","author":"Dunbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.01.016","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of arterial ischemic stroke in children: the canadian pediatric ischemic stroke registry","volume":"69","author":"deVeber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatric Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2016-0002","article-title":"Stroke in Neonates and Children","volume":"37","author":"Bernson-Leung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics in Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1480","article-title":"Evolution of unilateral perinatal arterial ischemic stroke on conventional and diffusion-weighted MR imaging","volume":"30","author":"Dudink","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14347","article-title":"Risk factors for perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke: a large case-control study","volume":"62","author":"Sorg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F411","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300973","article-title":"Risk factors for perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke in full-term infants: a case-control study","volume":"97","author":"Harteman","year":"2012","journal-title":"ArchDisChild Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"1359-2998","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F88","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.76.2.F88","article-title":"Unilateral neonatal cerebral infarction in full term infants","volume":"76","author":"Estan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.02.064","article-title":"Risk Factors for Neonatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke: The Importance of the Intrapartum Period","volume":"173","author":"Martinez-Biarge","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0014","first-page":"58","article-title":"Maternal hypertension and intrapartum fever are associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke during infancy","volume":"55","author":"Mann","year":"2013","journal-title":"DevMedChild Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.642181","article-title":"Antenatal factors associated with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"43","author":"Darmency-Stamboul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.6.723","article-title":"Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the infant","volume":"293","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1078","article-title":"Presumed pre- or perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: risk factors and outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Golomb","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13337","article-title":"Prenatal, perinatal and neonatal risk factors for perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2009.05.004","article-title":"Obstetrical and neonatal characteristics vary with birthweight in a cohort of 100 term newborns with symptomatic arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Chabrier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1163","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010309","article-title":"Association of neonatal inflammatory markers and perinatal stroke subtypes","volume":"95","author":"Mineyko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05116.x","article-title":"Congenital heart disease and brain development","volume":"1184","author":"McQuillen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304243","article-title":"Stroke in paediatric pneumococcal meningitis: a cross-sectional population-based study","volume":"98","author":"Pryde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2016.03.003","article-title":"Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke related to carotid artery occlusion","volume":"20","author":"Fluss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.11.061","article-title":"Placental pathology in neonatal stroke: a retrospective case-control study","volume":"195","author":"Bernson-Leung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e722","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1490","article-title":"Placental pathology in neonatal stroke","volume":"127","author":"Elbers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-010-0698-1","article-title":"Intracranial hemorrhage in full-term newborns: a hospital-based cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Brouwer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.4151","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes associated with neonatal hemorrhagic stroke: A population-based case-control study","author":"Cole","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912023412301","article-title":"Effect of mode of delivery in nulliparous women on neonatal intracranial injury","volume":"341","author":"Towner","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.583542","article-title":"Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis from symptom to outcome","volume":"41","author":"Berfelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108093450604","article-title":"Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children","volume":"345","author":"deVeber","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F48","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304068","article-title":"Haemorrhagic stroke in term and late preterm neonates","volume":"99","author":"Bruno","year":"2014","journal-title":"ArchDisChild Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"0364-5134","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10619","article-title":"Intraventricular hemorrhage in term neonates caused by sinovenous thrombosis","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2019.02.013","article-title":"Perinatal stroke syndromes: Similarities and diversities in aetiology, outcome and management","volume":"23","author":"Fluss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0034","first-page":"405","article-title":"Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in the neonate","volume":"63","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2006","journal-title":"ArchNeurol"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-013-1233-y","article-title":"Imaging the premature brain: ultrasound or MRI?","volume":"55","author":"de Vries","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-200597","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathogenesis of stroke in preterm infants: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Roy","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.479311","article-title":"Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the preterm infant","volume":"38","author":"Benders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001064","article-title":"Risk factors, clinical presentation, and neuroimaging findings of neonatal perforator","volume":"44","author":"Ecury-Goossen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2009.07.002","article-title":"Preterm arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Benders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.11.004","article-title":"Usefulness of cranial ultrasound for detecting neonatal middle Cerebral Artery Stroke","volume":"45","author":"Oliv\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.011605","article-title":"Cortical sparing in preterm ischemic arterial stroke","volume":"47","author":"van der Aa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210091101","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in children surviving extremely premature delivery and extremely low birthweight with cerebral palsy","volume":"21","author":"Bodensteiner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64189-2.00003-2","article-title":"Cerebellar injury in preterm infants","volume":"155","author":"Tam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0044","first-page":"S28","article-title":"Brain injury in the premature infant: is it preventable?","volume":"27","author":"Volpe","year":"1990","journal-title":"PediatrRes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1169","article-title":"Late gestation cerebellar growth is rapid and impeded by premature birth","volume":"115","author":"Limperopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs354","article-title":"Injury to the premature cerebellum: Outcome is related to remote cortical Development","volume":"24","author":"Limperopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1217-4","article-title":"The clinical presentation of preterm cerebellar haemorrhage","volume":"169","author":"Ecury-Goossen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64029-1.00008-4","article-title":"Preterm brain injury: Germinal matrix\u2013intraventricular hemorrhage and post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation","volume":"162","author":"Leijser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0049","first-page":"139","article-title":"Unilateral parenchymal haemorrhagic infarction in the preterm infant","volume":"5","author":"de Vries","year":"2001","journal-title":"EurJPaediatrNeurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00417-7","article-title":"White matter damage and intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants: the EPIPAGE study","volume":"143","author":"Larroque","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0051","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Developmental Neonatal Research Network, January 1995 through December 1996","volume":"107","author":"Lemons","year":"2003","journal-title":"NICD Neonatal Research Network"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12393","article-title":"Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants with a periventricular haemorrhagic infarction located in the temporal or frontal lobe","volume":"56","author":"Salamon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2021.151471","article-title":"Neonatal stroke in premature neonates","volume":"45","author":"Steggerda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F501","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.6.F501","article-title":"Increased serum levels of interleukin 6 are associated with severe intraventricular haemorrhage in extremely premature infants","volume":"88","author":"Heep","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-750893","article-title":"Thrombophilia risk is not increased in children after perinatal stroke","author":"Curtis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0056","first-page":"140","article-title":"Atypical timing and presentation of periventricular haemorrhagic infarction in preterm infants: The role of thrombophilia","volume":"54","author":"Harteman","year":"2012","journal-title":"DevMedChild Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.037621","article-title":"Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Preterm Infants","author":"Christensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2018.08.008","article-title":"Fetal stroke and cerebrovascular disease: Advances in understanding from lenticulostriate and venous imaging, alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic twins","volume":"22","author":"Kirkham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"0174-304X","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1071425","article-title":"Prenatal stroke suggested by intrauterine ultrasound and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"22","author":"Amato","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0060","first-page":"193","article-title":"Schizencephaly: Antenatal and postnatal assessment with colour-flow Doppler imaging","volume":"45","author":"Suchet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870170510","article-title":"Sonography of fetal intracranial hemorrhage: unusual causes and a review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Fogarty","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2003.08.004","article-title":"Fetal stroke","volume":"30","author":"Ozduman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040600681315","article-title":"The factor structure of the CVLT-C in pediatric epilepsy","volume":"12","author":"Griffiths","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-020-04847-2","article-title":"Fetal brain small vessel disease 1 caused by a novel mutation in the COL4A1 gene","volume":"51","author":"England","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22106","article-title":"Prevalence of COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations in severe fetal multifocal hemorrhagic and\/or ischemic cerebral lesions","volume":"57","author":"Maurice","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5096","article-title":"Fetal intracranial hemorrhage: role of fetal MRI: Fetal intracranial hemorrhage and fetal MRI","volume":"37","author":"Sanapo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.140","article-title":"Risk factors and presentations of periventricular venous infarction vs arterial presumed perinatal ischemic stroke","volume":"67","author":"Kirton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20557","article-title":"Predictors of outcome in perinatal arterial stroke: A population-based study","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073820986056","article-title":"Patterns of brain injury in perinatal arterial ischemic stroke and the development of infantile spasms","volume":"36","author":"Srivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21334","article-title":"Presumed perinatal ischemic stroke: vascular classification predicts outcomes","volume":"63","author":"Kirton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15000","article-title":"Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke and periventricular venous infarction in infants with unilateral cerebral palsy","volume":"64","author":"Vitagliano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e163","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.22-3-e163","article-title":"Perinatal stroke: A practical approach to diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"Srivastava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neoreviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0074","article-title":"What do we know about perinatal stroke?","volume":"39","author":"Mailo","year":"2022","journal-title":"A review of current practices, outcomes, and future directions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0075","first-page":"424","article-title":"Perinatal arterial stroke: Understanding mechanisms and outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"SeminNeurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100973","article-title":"Early postnatal EEG features of perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke with seizures","volume":"9","author":"Low","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2014.210","article-title":"The expanding phenotype of COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations: clinical data on 13 newly identified families and a review of the literature","author":"Meuwissen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.008210","article-title":"Thrombolysis in pediatric stroke study","author":"Rivkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0079","article-title":"Feasibility, safety, and outcome of endovascular recanalization in childhood stroke: The save child study","author":"Sporns","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0080","series-title":"Hypothermia for newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy","author":"Society","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811408092","article-title":"Hypothermia is correlated with seizure absence in perinatal stroke","volume":"26","author":"Harbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000436140.77832.7a","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of thrombosis in pediatric and congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"128","author":"Giglia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.039","article-title":"Treatment duration after acute symptomatic seizures in neonates: A multicenter cohort study","volume":"181","author":"Shellhaas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1550","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1577","article-title":"Risk of later seizure after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: A prospective cohort study","volume":"127","author":"Wusthoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.1437","article-title":"Safety of early discontinuation of antiseizure medication after acute symptomatic neonatal seizures","volume":"78","author":"Glass","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.3.PEDS13440","article-title":"Surgical management of medically refractory epilepsy due to early childhood stroke: Clinical article","volume":"14","author":"Ghatan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PED"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.243","article-title":"Promoting neuroregeneration after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: neurotrophic factors and mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"83","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.10.084","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of erythropoietin for neuroprotection after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"164","author":"Benders","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00207","article-title":"Stem cells for neonatal stroke- the future is here","volume":"8","author":"van Velthoven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00117-X","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of intranasally administered mesenchymal stromal cells after perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke in the Netherlands (PASSIoN): a first-in-human, open-label intervention study","volume":"21","author":"Baak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1106-4","article-title":"Feasibility trial of an early therapy in perinatal stroke (eTIPS)","volume":"18","author":"Basu","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.11.006","article-title":"The effectiveness of Baby-CIMT in infants younger than 12 months with clinical signs of unilateral-cerebral palsy; an explorative study with randomized design","volume":"72","author":"Eliasson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000543","article-title":"Enhancing Stroke Recovery Across the Life Span With Noninvasive Neurostimulation","volume":"37","author":"Dukelow","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2476","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010669","article-title":"Developmental neuroplasticity of the white matter connectome in children with perinatal stroke","volume":"95","author":"Craig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.020477","article-title":"Noninvasive neuromodulation to promote motor skill gains after perinatal stroke","volume":"50","author":"Hilderley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003518","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for children with perinatal stroke and hemiparesis","volume":"88","author":"Kirton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00464","article-title":"Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation of the motor cortex in children","volume":"14","author":"Hollis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0098","article-title":"Mechanical and Aspiration Thrombectomy in a 2-day-old Neonate with Perinatal Stroke","volume":"13","author":"Zele\u0148\u00e1k","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21936","article-title":"Anticoagulants in pediatric cerebral sinovenous thrombosis: A safety and outcome study","volume":"67","author":"Moharir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.554790","article-title":"Anticoagulation therapy and imaging in neonates with a unilateral thalamic hemorrhage due to cerebral sinovenous thrombosis","volume":"40","author":"Kersbergen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmv002","article-title":"Evaluation of duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Mathur","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0102","article-title":"Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis","author":"Brouwer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2018.09.005","article-title":"Stroke in pediatric bacterial meningitis: Population-based epidemiology","volume":"89","author":"Dunbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatric Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.06.013","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy for secondary stroke prevention in bacterial meningitis in children","volume":"165","author":"Boelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0397-5","article-title":"Predictors of caregiver depression and family functioning after perinatal stroke","volume":"15","author":"Bemister","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0106","series-title":"Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program. CPSP Website","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.12.004","article-title":"Similarities amid the difference: Caregiving burden and adaptation outcomes in dyads of parents and their children with and without cerebral palsy","volume":"34","author":"Carona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.107845","article-title":"Cerebral infarction in the term newborn: Clinical presentation and long- term outcome","volume":"137","author":"Sreenan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0109","first-page":"537A","article-title":"Neurological outcome in survivors of neonatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"53","author":"DeVeber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.000739","article-title":"Life after perinatal stroke","volume":"44","author":"Kirton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-4164","article-title":"Neurodevelopment after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"142","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2013.870178","article-title":"A review of cognitive outcomes in children following perinatal stroke","volume":"39","author":"Murias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0113","article-title":"Early prediction of unilateral cerebral palsy in infants at risk: MRI versus the hand assessment for infants","author":"Wagenaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn176","article-title":"Plasticity in the developing brain: intellectual, language and academic functions in children with ischaemic perinatal stroke","volume":"131","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13489","article-title":"Neonatal arterial ischemic stroke: evidence required for future guidelines","volume":"59","author":"Mineyko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.07.013","article-title":"Long-term outcome after bilateral perinatal arterial ischemic stroke","author":"Mineyko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12187","article-title":"Cognitive outcome in childhood after unilateral perinatal brain injury","volume":"55","author":"van Buuren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0118","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attention and executive functioning profiles in children following perinatal arterial ischemic stroke","author":"Bosenbark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2018.08.025","article-title":"Incidence of epilepsy and associated risk factors in perinatal ischemic stroke survivors","volume":"90","author":"Rattani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2015.04.003","article-title":"Hemispherotomy for isolated infantile spasms following perinatal ischemic stroke","volume":"19","author":"Taussig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.01.069","article-title":"Multimodal outcome at 7 years of age after neonatal arterial ischemic stroke","volume":"172","author":"Chabrier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.1.95","article-title":"Neonatal cerebral infarction and neuromotor outcome at school age","volume":"113","author":"Mercuri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0123","first-page":"283","article-title":"Neonatal posterior cerebral artery stroke: clinical presentation, MRI findings, and outcome","volume":"55","author":"van der Aa","year":"2013","journal-title":"DevMedChild Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0211","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome in survivors of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction","volume":"120","author":"Bassan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F201","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.118067","article-title":"Venous subtypes of preterm periventricular haemorrhagic infarction","volume":"93","author":"Dudink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1041","article-title":"Does cerebellar injury in premature infants contribute to the high prevalence of long-term cognitive, learning, and behavioral disability in survivors?","volume":"120","author":"Limperopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0874","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of perinatal hemorrhagic stroke: results from the kaiser pediatric stroke study","volume":"123","author":"Armstrong-Wells","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1053\/ejpn.2001.0403","article-title":"Primary neonatal thalamic haemorrhage and epilepsy with continuous spike-wave during sleep: A longitudinal follow-up of a possible significant relation","volume":"5","author":"Monteiro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0129","series-title":"International Alliance for Pediatric Stroke","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0130","series-title":"Pediatric Stroke Warriors","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988_bib0131","series-title":"A family guide to pediatric stroke | heart and stroke","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Pediatric Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071909122000365?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071909122000365?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T06:39:36Z","timestamp":1761028776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1071909122000365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":130,"alternative-id":["S1071909122000365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-9091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-9091","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Perinatal Stroke in Fetuses, Preterm and Term Infants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Pediatric Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2022.100988","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100988"}}