{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:20:58Z","timestamp":1778872858875,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,24]],"date-time":"2010-05-24T08:29:25Z","timestamp":1274689765000},"page":"602-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Restoration of compressive loading properties of lumbar discs with a nucleus implant\u2014a finite element analysis study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Daniel G.T.","family":"Strange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandie T.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Boughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Kishen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish D.","family":"Diwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib1","series-title":"Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions in Australia 2005","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10311","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of low back pain: an evidence-based approach to clinical care","volume":"27","author":"Atlas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(96)84936-2","article-title":"The artificial disc: theory, design and materials","volume":"17","author":"Bao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198703000-00004","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of lower lumbar fusion patients","volume":"12","author":"Lehmann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2005.03.006","article-title":"Lumbar partial disc replacement","volume":"36","author":"Bertagnoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200206010-00020","article-title":"New technologies in spine: nucleus replacement","volume":"27","author":"Bao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199911150-00005","article-title":"Seven- to 20-year outcome of lumbar discectomy","volume":"24","author":"Loupasis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008954813910","article-title":"Replacing the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disk: prediction of suitable properties of a replacement material using finite element analysis","volume":"12","author":"Meakin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00042-0","article-title":"Replacing the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc","volume":"16","author":"Meakin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.06.036","article-title":"A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of the mechanical behavior of tissue engineered intervertebral discs under complex loads","volume":"27","author":"Yao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib11","unstructured":"Joshi AB. Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar intervertebral disc with polymeric hydrogel nucleus implant: an experimental and finite element study [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: Drexel University, 2004:183."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200206150-00022","article-title":"Artificial nucleus replacement: clinical experience","volume":"27","author":"Klara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib13","unstructured":"Sabet T, Ho R, Choi J, Diwan A. Kinematics of the motion segment are restored using a novel nuclear replacement device\u2014a comparative study using kangaroo spine model. In: Proceedings of the 7th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Spine Arthroplasty Society; 2007 May; Berlin, Germany."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib14","unstructured":"Pavlov P. The status of nucleus replacement for degenerative disc disease. In: Proceedings of AO Spine Masters Course; 2008 Dec; Davos Switzerland."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000182319.81795.72","article-title":"Finite element study of a novel intervertebral disc substitute","volume":"30","author":"Noailly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199909150-00003","article-title":"The influence of lumbar disc height and cross-sectional area on the mechanical response of the disc to physiologic loading","volume":"24","author":"Natarajan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000191527.96464.9c","article-title":"Influence prediction of injury and vibration on adjacent components of spine using finite element methods","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199504150-00003","article-title":"Role of ligaments and facets in lumbar spinal stability","volume":"20","author":"Sharma","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.05.019","article-title":"Novel model to analyze the effect of a large compressive follower pre-load on range of motions in a lumbar spine","volume":"40","author":"Renner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2005.03.007","article-title":"Finite element analysis of the lumbar spine with a new cage using a topology optimization method","volume":"28","author":"Zhong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.12.001","article-title":"Application of a new calibration method for a three-dimensional finite element model of a human lumbar annulus fibrosus","volume":"21","author":"Schmidt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.007","article-title":"Nonlinear finite element analysis of anular lesions in the L4\/5 intervertebral disc","volume":"40","author":"Little","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90009-6","article-title":"A finite element study of a lumbar motion segment subjected to pure sagittal plane moments","volume":"19","author":"Shirazi-Adl","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199503150-00010","article-title":"Interlaminar shear stresses and laminae separation in a disc. Finite element analysis of the L3\u2013L4 motion segment subjected to axial compressive loads","volume":"20","author":"Goel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198403000-00003","article-title":"Stress analysis of the lumbar disc-body unit in compression. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element study","volume":"9","author":"Shirazi-Adl","year":"1984","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90111-9","article-title":"Mechanical properties of lumbar spine motion segments under large loads","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860010-00006","article-title":"Mechanical response of the lumbar intervertebral joint under physiological (complex) loading","volume":"60","author":"Lin","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198410000-00010","article-title":"Effects of disc injury on mechanical behavior of the human spine","volume":"9","author":"Panjabi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.07.039","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison between fusion of two vertebrae and implantation of an artificial intervertebral disc","volume":"39","author":"Denoziere","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-0296(89)90027-8","article-title":"Compression stiffness of bonded square layers of nearly incompressible material","volume":"11","author":"Koh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eng Struct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971050-00013","article-title":"The development of low-back pain after\u00a0excision of a lumbar disc","volume":"71","author":"Hanley","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198211000-00015","article-title":"Lumbar discectomy. Results with limited disc excision and selective foraminotomy","volume":"7","author":"Spengler","year":"1982","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198705000-00010","article-title":"A morphometric study of human lumbar and selected thoracic vertebrae","volume":"12","author":"Berry","year":"1987","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198603000-00010","article-title":"A study of vertebra and disc geometric relations of the human cervical and lumbar spine","volume":"11","author":"Gilad","year":"1986","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2003.11.006","article-title":"Effects of laminectomy and facetectomy on the stability of the lumbar motion segment","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195739050-00014","article-title":"Some mechanical tests on the lumbosacral spine with particular reference to the intervertebral discs; a preliminary report","volume":"39","author":"Brown","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456040-00003","article-title":"The structural components of the intervertebral disc. A study of their contributions to the ability of the disc to withstand compressive forces","volume":"56","author":"Markolf","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.33B4.607","article-title":"Experimental investigations into the physical properties of the intervertebral disc","volume":"33","author":"Virgin","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943010003116?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943010003116?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T11:18:17Z","timestamp":1559128697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943010003116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943010003116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}}}