{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:46:22Z","timestamp":1792057582229,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007747","name":"University of Utah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001279","name":"Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008069","name":"University of California, San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,11]],"date-time":"2013-11-11T21:16:00Z","timestamp":1384204560000},"page":"326-330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":223,"title":["Spinal epidural abscesses: risk factors, medical versus surgical management, a retrospective review of 128 cases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Amit R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy B.","family":"Alton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Bransford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo B.","family":"Bellabarba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens R.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197509042931001","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"293","author":"Baker","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(99)00055-5","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: contemporary trends in etiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"52","author":"Rigamonti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra055111","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess","volume":"355","author":"Darouiche","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2003.11.013","article-title":"The clinical presentation and impact of diagnostic delays on emergency department patients with spinal epidural abscess","volume":"26","author":"Davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2002.1013","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess\u2013experience with 46 patients and evaluation of prognostic factors","volume":"45","author":"Tang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198706000-00007","article-title":"Experimental spinal epidural abscess: a pathophysiological model in the rabbit","volume":"20","author":"Feldenzer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193703000-00012","article-title":"Sacrococcygeal teratoma","volume":"105","author":"Deveer","year":"1937","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.1.0110","article-title":"The pathogenesis of spinal epidural abscess: microangiographic studies in an experimental model","volume":"69","author":"Feldenzer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199211000-00004","article-title":"Bacterial spinal epidural abscess. Review of 43 cases and literature survey","volume":"71","author":"Darouiche","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010050002","article-title":"Infection as a cause of spinal cord compression: a review of 36 spinal epidural abscess cases","volume":"142","author":"Akalan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(02)00020-3","article-title":"Adult spinal epidural abscess: clinical features and prognostic factors","volume":"104","author":"Lu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000183089.37768.2d","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: early clinical outcome in patients treated medically","volume":"439","author":"Savage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.08.081","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: clinical presentation, management, and outcome","volume":"63","author":"Curry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.22.2409","article-title":"Medical vs surgical management of spinal epidural abscess","volume":"164","author":"Siddiq","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib15","first-page":"122","volume":"62","author":"Sledzinska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Przegl Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199901150-00008","article-title":"Epidural abscess of the cervical spine with osteomyelitis of the odontoid process","volume":"24","author":"Wiedau-Pazos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.22","article-title":"Medical management of spinal epidural abscesses: case report and review","volume":"15","author":"Wheeler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-010-0140-1","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: current diagnosis and management","volume":"12","author":"Pradilla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199008000-00001","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a ten-year perspective","volume":"27","author":"Hlavin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.2.265","article-title":"Update on spinal epidural abscess: 35 cases and review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Danner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(92)90173-K","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a report of 40 cases and review","volume":"38","author":"Nussbaum","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199904000-00001","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Sampath","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.12.006","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess in adults caused by Staphylococcus aureus: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors","volume":"114","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194812022392301","article-title":"Nontuberculous spinal epidural infections","volume":"239","author":"Heusner","year":"1948","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943013016525?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943013016525?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:28:49Z","timestamp":1761514129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943013016525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943013016525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spinal epidural abscesses: risk factors, medical versus surgical management, a retrospective review of 128 cases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}