{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T23:52:21Z","timestamp":1769212341057,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","thespinejournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T22:56:41Z","timestamp":1428620201000},"page":"1856-1863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["An investigation into axial impacts of the cervical spine using digital image correlation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Timothy Patrick","family":"Holsgrove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7877-6755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Cazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5383-7072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezio","family":"Preatoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Trewartha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harinderjit Singh","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Gheduzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838120-00002","article-title":"Catastrophic injury in rugby union: is the level of risk acceptable?","volume":"38","author":"Fuller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092972","article-title":"Injury and biomechanical perspectives on the rugby scrum: a review of the literature","volume":"49","author":"Trewartha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00056-9","article-title":"Dynamic responses of the head and cervical spine to axial impact loading","volume":"29","author":"Nightingale","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199603000-00013","article-title":"Experimental impact injury to the cervical spine: relating motion of the head and the mechanism of injury","volume":"78A","author":"Nightingale","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199710150-00012","article-title":"The effects of padded surfaces on the risk for cervical spine injury","volume":"22","author":"Nightingale","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S511","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199110001-00011","article-title":"Strength and kinematic response of dynamic cervical spine injuries","volume":"16","author":"Yoganandan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.4.06","article-title":"Biomechanics of sports-induced axial-compression injuries of the neck","volume":"47","author":"Ivancic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4024822","article-title":"Compressive follower load influences cervical spine kinematics and kinetics during simulated head-first impact in an in\u00a0vitro model","volume":"135","author":"Saari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0625-9","article-title":"A dynamic investigation of the burst fracture process using a combined experimental and finite element approach","volume":"13","author":"Wilcox","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090360","article-title":"Mechanisms of cervical spine injury in rugby union: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"46","author":"Kuster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091257","article-title":"Mechanisms of cervical spine injury in rugby union: is it premature to abandon hyperflexion as the main mechanism underpinning injury?","volume":"46","author":"Dennison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib12","first-page":"S246","article-title":"The biomechanics of cervical spine injury and implications for injury prevention","volume":"29","author":"Winkelstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201010-00011","article-title":"A method to simulate in\u00a0vivo cervical spine kinematics using in\u00a0vitro compressive preload","volume":"27","author":"Miura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0758-5","article-title":"Biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication for whiplash simulation","volume":"14","author":"Ivancic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092904","article-title":"A modified prebind engagement process reduces biomechanical loading on front row players during scrummaging: a cross-sectional study of 11 elite teams","volume":"49","author":"Cazzola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib16","series-title":"Rugby union laws of the game","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1822-6","article-title":"Biomechanical in\u00a0vitro evaluation of the complete porcine spine in comparison with data of the human spine","volume":"20","author":"Wilke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1326-9","article-title":"Comparative anatomical dimensions of the complete human and porcine spine","volume":"19","author":"Busscher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092938","article-title":"Engagement techniques and playing level impact the biomechanical demands on rugby forwards during machine-based scrummaging","volume":"49","author":"Preatoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib20","article-title":"Spinal Muscle Activity in Simulated Rugby Union Scrummaging is Affected by Different Engagement Conditions","author":"Cazzola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00057-8","article-title":"Yield strain behavior of trabecular bone","volume":"31","author":"Kopperdahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.02.021","article-title":"Variability and anisotropy of mechanical behavior of cortical bone in tension and compression","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900406","article-title":"The axial load teardrop fracture\u2014a biomechanical, clinical, and roentgenographic analysis","volume":"19","author":"Torg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943015003459?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943015003459?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,23]],"date-time":"2018-09-23T14:54:33Z","timestamp":1537714473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943015003459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943015003459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An investigation into axial impacts of the cervical spine using digital image correlation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}