{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:04:05Z","timestamp":1785769445040,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","thespinejournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T16:47:14Z","timestamp":1494521234000},"page":"1594-1600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multilevel Schwab grade II osteotomies for sagittal plane correction in the management of adult spinal deformity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"George M.","family":"Ghobrial","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan H.","family":"Lebwohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barth A.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Gjolaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.07.013","article-title":"The burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the United States","volume":"46","author":"Yelin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000179086.30449.96","article-title":"The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity","volume":"30","author":"Glassman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E599","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181aad219","article-title":"Pelvic tilt and truncal inclination: two key radiographic parameters in the setting of adults with spinal deformity","volume":"34","author":"Lafage","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000382","article-title":"T1 pelvic angle (TPA) effectively evaluates sagittal deformity and assesses radiographical surgical outcomes longitudinally","volume":"39","author":"Ryan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231725.38943.ab","article-title":"A clinical impact classification of scoliosis in the adult","volume":"31","author":"Schwab","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001202","article-title":"The health impact of symptomatic adult spinal deformity: comparison of deformity types to United States population norms and chronic diseases","volume":"41","author":"Bess","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000462076.73701.09","article-title":"The comprehensive anatomical spinal osteotomy classification","volume":"76","author":"Schwab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E293","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000744","article-title":"Will immediate postoperative imbalance improve in patients with thoracolumbar\/lumbar degenerative kyphoscoliosis? A comparison between Smith-Petersen osteotomy and pedicle subtraction osteotomy with an average 4 years of follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Bao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B2.3980526","article-title":"A technique for lumbar spinal osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"67","author":"McMaster","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199312000-00023","article-title":"Transpedicular decancellation closed wedge vertebral osteotomy for treatment of fixed flexion deformity of spine in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"18","author":"Thiranont","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"19 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231963.72810.38","article-title":"Decision making regarding Smith-Petersen vs. pedicle subtraction osteotomy vs. vertebral column resection for spinal deformity","volume":"31","author":"Bridwell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0065","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Wedge osteotomy of the spine with bilateral intervertebral foraminotomy; correction of flexion deformity in five cases of ankylosing arthritis of the spine","volume":"29","author":"Briggs","year":"1947","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31803d3b16","article-title":"The Ponte procedure: posterior only treatment of Scheuermann's kyphosis using segmental posterior shortening and pedicle screw instrumentation","volume":"20","author":"Geck","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196909000-00003","article-title":"Osteotomy of the spine for correction of flexion deformity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Smith-Petersen","year":"1969","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000815","article-title":"Comparison of Smith-Petersen osteotomy and pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the correction of thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0085","first-page":"338","article-title":"[Corrective surgery for kyphosis in Bekhterev's disease\u2014indication, technique, results (author's transl)]","volume":"120","author":"Puschel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199009000-00008","article-title":"Polysegmental lumbar osteotomies and transpedicled fixation for correction of long-curved kyphotic deformities in ankylosing spondylitis. Report on 177 cases","volume":"258","author":"Hehne","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000179085.92998.ee","article-title":"Comparison of Smith-Petersen versus pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the correction of fixed sagittal imbalance","volume":"30","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769050-00005","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment of adults with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"69","author":"Sponseller","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000142224.46796.a7","article-title":"Evaluation of a functional position for lateral radiograph acquisition in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"29","author":"Faro","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.2.SPINE11320","article-title":"Impact of spinopelvic alignment on decision making in deformity surgery in adults: a review","volume":"16","author":"Ames","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a13c08","article-title":"Sagittal plane considerations and the pelvis in the adult patient","volume":"34","author":"Schwab","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196042080-00012","article-title":"The problem of the primary curve","volume":"42-A","author":"Cobb","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072030-00003","article-title":"Measurement of scoliosis and kyphosis radiographs. Intraobserver and interobserver variation","volume":"72","author":"Carman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.08.067","article-title":"Validation of a new computer-assisted tool to measure spino-pelvic parameters","volume":"15","author":"Lafage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001171","article-title":"Defining spino-pelvic alignment thresholds: should operative goals in adult spinal deformity surgery account for age?","volume":"41","author":"Lafage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E792","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d35ca9","article-title":"Natural history of spinopelvic alignment differs from symptomatic deformity of the spine","volume":"35","author":"Mendoza-Lattes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000302","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical outcomes of posterior column osteotomies in spinal deformity correction","volume":"39","author":"Dorward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0150","series-title":"The effect of posterior shortening and anterior lengthening using Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO) for kyphosis correction","author":"Cho","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200103010-00016","article-title":"Multiple vertebral osteotomies in the treatment of rigid adult spine deformities","volume":"26","author":"Voos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0160","first-page":"438","article-title":"Complications of fusion in lumbar scoliosis","volume":"55","author":"Doherty","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198309000-00002","article-title":"The effect of Harrington instrumentation on the sagittal configuration and mobility of the spine in scoliosis","volume":"8","author":"Aaro","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198309000-00003","article-title":"Long-term anatomic and functional changes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by Harrington rod fusion","volume":"8","author":"Cochran","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199003000-00004","article-title":"The lumbar lordosis below Harrington instrumentation for scoliosis","volume":"15","author":"Swank","year":"1990","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199908150-00013","article-title":"Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance)","volume":"24","author":"Booth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198710000-00007","article-title":"The effect of Harrington rod contouring on lumbar lordosis","volume":"12","author":"Casey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198803000-00007","article-title":"Combined single stage anterior and posterior osteotomy for correction of iatrogenic lumbar kyphosis","volume":"13","author":"Kostuik","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870040-00014","article-title":"Treatment of symptomatic flatback after spinal fusion","volume":"70","author":"Lagrone","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0200","first-page":"692","article-title":"Correction of kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis using multiple spinal osteotomy and Zielke's VDS instruments","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050039","article-title":"Polysegmental lumbar posterior wedge osteotomies for correction of kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"7","author":"van Royen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200408000-00027","article-title":"Prevention and management of iatrogenic flatback deformity","volume":"86-A","author":"Potter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.58.7.399","article-title":"Lumbar osteotomy for correction of thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis. A structured review of three methods of treatment","volume":"58","author":"Van Royen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152994301730205X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152994301730205X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T13:48:07Z","timestamp":1659016087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152994301730205X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S152994301730205X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multilevel Schwab grade II osteotomies for sagittal plane correction in the management of adult spinal deformity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.05.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}