{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:52:25Z","timestamp":1790423545296,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:05:33Z","timestamp":1558483533000},"page":"32-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Are current DRG-based bundled payment models for lumbar fusions risk-adjusting adequately? An analysis of Medicare beneficiaries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Azeem Tariq","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank M.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safdar N.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/NNA.0000000000000492","article-title":"Bundled payments for care improvement: preparing for the medical diagnosis-related groups","volume":"47","author":"Hardin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nurs Adm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0002","first-page":"493","article-title":"Bundled payments: value-based care implications for providers, payers, and patients","volume":"9","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.010268","article-title":"Current state of value-based purchasing programs","volume":"133","author":"Chee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3520-2","article-title":"Bundled payments in orthopaedics","volume":"473","author":"Rana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150204-06","article-title":"Bundled payments in orthopedic surgery","volume":"38","author":"Bushnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9405-8","article-title":"Bundled payments in total joint arthroplasty and spine surgery","volume":"10","author":"Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001641","article-title":"Incremental hospital cost and length-of-stay associated with treating adverse events among medicare beneficiaries undergoing lumbar spinal fusion during fiscal year 2013","volume":"41","author":"Culler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.12.SPINE17674","article-title":"Variation in payments for spine surgery episodes of care: implications for episode-based bundled payment","volume":"29","author":"Kahn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.18161","article-title":"Medicare's new bundled payments: design, strategy, and evolution","volume":"315","author":"Press","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001649","article-title":"Cost variation within spinal fusion payment groups","volume":"41","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000378","article-title":"Spinal surgery: variations in health care costs and implications for episode-based bundled payments","volume":"39","author":"Ugiliweneza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.07.002","article-title":"Variations in Medicare payments for episodes of spine surgery","volume":"14","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00815.x","article-title":"Older adults discharged from the hospital with delirium: 1-year outcomes","volume":"54","author":"McAvay","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/002570879104800203","article-title":"Assessing Medicare's prospective payment system for hospitals","volume":"48","author":"Chulis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Care Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.10.050189.001041","article-title":"The effect of the Medicare prospective payment system","volume":"10","author":"Lave","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/002570879104800104","article-title":"The initial impact of the Medicare prospective payment system on U.S. health care: a review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Feinglass","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Care Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9423-6","article-title":"Bundled payments in total joint replacement: keeping our care affordable and high in quality","volume":"10","author":"McLawhorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4868-2","article-title":"The Frank Stinchfield Award: total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture is not a typical DRG 470: a propensity-matched cohort study","volume":"475","author":"Schairer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.01.049","article-title":"The Lawrence D. Dorr Surgical Techniques & Technologies Award: differences in postoperative outcomes between total hip arthroplasty for fracture vs osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.01.071","article-title":"Hip fractures and the bundle: a cost analysis of patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture vs degenerative joint disease","volume":"33","author":"Grace","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002248","article-title":"A comparison of anterior and posterior lumbar interbody fusions: complications, readmissions, discharge dispositions, and costs","volume":"42","author":"Qureshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E101","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001094","article-title":"Primary and revision posterior lumbar fusion have similar short-term complication rates","volume":"41","author":"Basques","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002812","article-title":"Lack of cost savings for lumbar spine fusions after bundled payments for care improvement initiative: a consequence of increased case complexity","volume":"44","author":"Bronson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002404","article-title":"Early effects of Medicare's bundled payment for care improvement program for lumbar fusion","volume":"43","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001980","article-title":"Utility of intraoperative neuromonitoring for lumbar pedicle screw placement is questionable: a review of 9957 cases","volume":"42","author":"Ajiboye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217700099","article-title":"Frailty is predictive of adverse postoperative events in patients undergoing lumbar fusion","volume":"7","author":"Leven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.12.168","article-title":"The modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5)\u2014a concise and useful tool for assessing the impact of frailty on post-operative morbidity following elective posterior lumbar fusions (PLF)","author":"Weaver","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.04.006","article-title":"Are Medicare's \u201ccomprehensive care for joint replacement\u201d bundled payments stratifying risk adequately?","volume":"33","author":"Cairns","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.0202","article-title":"Bundled payments for surgical colectomy among Medicare enrollees: potential savings vs the need for further reform","volume":"151","author":"Gani","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00327","article-title":"Refining risk adjustment for the proposed CMS surgical hip and femur fracture treatment bundled payment program","volume":"100","author":"Cairns","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00355","article-title":"Variability in costs associated with total hip and knee replacement implants","volume":"94","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E10","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.FOCUS17724","article-title":"Assessment of cost drivers and cost variation for lumbar interbody fusion procedures using the value driven outcomes database","volume":"44","author":"Twitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.2158","article-title":"Association of hospital market concentration with costs of complex hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery","volume":"152","author":"Cerullo","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0034","first-page":"e241","article-title":"Hospital market concentration, pricing, and profitability in orthopedic surgery and interventional cardiology","volume":"17","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000248132.15231.fe","article-title":"United States' trends and regional variations in lumbar spine surgery: 1992\u20132003","volume":"31","author":"Weinstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy264","article-title":"Drivers of variability in 90-day cost for elective laminectomy and fusion for lumbar degenerative disease","volume":"84","author":"Sivaganesan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943019301962?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943019301962?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:31:29Z","timestamp":1761514289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943019301962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943019301962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Are current DRG-based bundled payment models for lumbar fusions risk-adjusting adequately? An analysis of Medicare beneficiaries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.04.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}