{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:17:23Z","timestamp":1788315443722,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T05:46:26Z","timestamp":1594619186000},"page":"1752-1760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Does screw length for primary two-level ACDF influence pseudarthrosis risk?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghana","family":"Vulapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkat","family":"Boddapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis F.","family":"Amorosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeeshan M.","family":"Sardar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald A.","family":"Lehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Daniel","family":"Riew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.05.010","article-title":"Pseudoarthrosis rates in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Shriver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI-191-2019","article-title":"A review of complication rates for Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion (ACDF)","volume":"10","author":"Epstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0003","article-title":"Asymptomatic ACDF non-unions underestimate the true prevalence of radiographic pseudarthrosis","author":"Crawford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.09.104","article-title":"Quality of life and cost implications of pseudarthrosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and its subsequent revision surgery","volume":"133","author":"Pennington","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000636","article-title":"The revision rate and occurrence of adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a study of 672 consecutive patients","volume":"39","author":"van Eck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2018.06.16","article-title":"Outcomes and revision rates following multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"4","author":"Laratta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200105000-00004","article-title":"Impact of smoking on the outcome of anterior cervical arthrodesis with interbody or strut-grafting","volume":"83","author":"Hilibrand","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001829","article-title":"Impact of Insulin Dependence on Perioperative Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion","volume":"42","author":"Phan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217699207","article-title":"Trends, Costs, and Complications of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With and Without Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the United States Medicare Population","volume":"7","author":"Lord","year":"2017","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.12.044","article-title":"Impact of smoking on postoperative complications after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"38","author":"Purvis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.SPINE10231","article-title":"Multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with and without rhBMP-2: a comparison of dysphagia rates and outcomes in 150 patients","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.11.042","article-title":"Complications, revision fusions, readmissions, and utilization over a 1-year period after bone morphogenetic protein use during primary cervical spine fusions","volume":"14","author":"Goode","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19550","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019550","article-title":"Risk factors of cage nonunion after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"99","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.02.011","article-title":"Regional bone mineral density differences measured by quantitative computed tomography in patients undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery","volume":"20","author":"Salzmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31819877e7","article-title":"A Comparison of fixed-hole and slotted-hole dynamic plates for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"23","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0016","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion performed using structural allograft or polyetheretherketone: pseudarthrosis and revision surgery rates with minimum 2-year follow-up","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.6.1039","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of Caspar and Cervical Spine Locking Plate systems in a cadaveric model","volume":"84","author":"Clausen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199902150-00005","article-title":"The effect of locking fixation screws on the stability of anterior cervical plating","volume":"24","author":"Spivak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.07.004","article-title":"Static versus dynamic plating for multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"7","author":"DuBois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.10.004","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation comparing zero-profile devices versus fixed profile systems in a cervical hybrid decompression model: a biomechanical in vitro study","volume":"20","author":"Kinon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199509000-00003","article-title":"Assessment of unicortical and bicortical fixation in a quasistatic cadaveric model. Role of bone mineral density and screw torque","volume":"20","author":"Ryken","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000140196.99995.65","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of the pullout strength of cervical screws","volume":"18","author":"Conrad","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01411356","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of subcortical versus bicortical screw purchase in anterior cervical plating","volume":"138","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218755141","article-title":"Radiological Fusion Criteria of Postoperative Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Oshina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000940","article-title":"Radiological Determination of Postoperative Cervical Fusion: A Systematic Review","volume":"40","author":"Rhee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1836192.096","article-title":"Diagnosing Pseudoarthrosis After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurospine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200301010-00012","article-title":"Pseudoarthrosis of the cervical spine: a comparison of radiographic diagnostic measures","volume":"28","author":"Cannada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00167","article-title":"Dynamic radiographic criteria for detecting pseudarthrosis following anterior cervical arthrodesis","volume":"96","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.07.003","article-title":"What is the most accurate radiographic criterion to determine anterior cervical fusion?","volume":"19","author":"Riew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2930","article-title":"Measurement properties of the neck disability index: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"MacDermid","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.06.019","article-title":"Predictive value of fear avoidance in developing chronic neck pain disability: consequences for clinical decision making","volume":"85","author":"Nederhand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196244080-00007","article-title":"The results of anterior interbody fusion of the cervical spine","volume":"44","author":"Robinson Robert","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1969.30.2.0127","article-title":"The results of anterior interbody fusion of the cervical spine. Review of ninety-three consecutive cases","volume":"30","author":"Riley","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00005","article-title":"Robinson anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis for cervical radiculopathy. Long-term follow-up of one hundred and twenty-two patients","volume":"75","author":"Bohlman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199403001-00004","article-title":"Robinson anterior cervical fusion comparison of the standard and modified techniques","volume":"19","author":"Emery","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200001010-00009","article-title":"Increased fusion rates with cervical plating for two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199912000-00003","article-title":"The effect of cervical plating on single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199606000-00004","article-title":"Anterior cervical fusion: outcome analysis of patients fused with and without anterior cervical plates","volume":"9","author":"Connolly","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.86.6.0969","article-title":"Revision of anterior cervical pseudoarthrosis with anterior allograft fusion and plating","volume":"86","author":"Coric","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"PEEK interbody devices for multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: association with more than 6-fold higher rates of pseudarthrosis compared to structural allograft","author":"Teton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.12.006","article-title":"Prospective nonrandomized comparison of an allograft with bone morphogenic protein versus an iliac-crest autograft in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"8","author":"Buttermann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200908000-00003","article-title":"Pseudarthrosis of the spine","volume":"17","author":"Raizman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.100","article-title":"Correlation Between Different Interbody Grafts and Pseudarthrosis After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Compared with Control Group: Systematic Review","volume":"134","author":"Iunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.05.007","article-title":"Cervical spine bone mineral density as a function of vertebral level and anatomic location","volume":"11","author":"Anderst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2020.01.14","article-title":"Complications of anterior cervical spine surgery: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Yee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.07.474","article-title":"Revision rates and complication incidence in single- and multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion procedures: an administrative database study","volume":"14","author":"Veeravagu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.02.005","article-title":"Factors affecting reoperations after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion within and outside of a Federal Drug Administration investigational device exemption cervical disc replacement trial","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E23","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002077","article-title":"What Is the Fate of Pseudarthrosis Detected 1 Year After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion?","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943020309578?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943020309578?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T21:48:48Z","timestamp":1718488128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943020309578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943020309578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Does screw length for primary two-level ACDF influence pseudarthrosis risk?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.07.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}