{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T14:49:45Z","timestamp":1792248585486,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31570943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31570943"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T21:49:27Z","timestamp":1597268967000},"page":"160-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Low energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with low tension traction can better reshape the microenvironment in degenerated intervertebral disc regeneration and repair"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yan-Jun","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang-Bo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue Feng","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zong-Ping","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208109152130","article-title":"Nutrition of the intervertebral disc: solute transport and metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Holm","year":"1981","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.13","article-title":"Stem cell therapy for intervertebral disc regeneration: obstacles and solutions","volume":"11","author":"Sakai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v021a40","article-title":"Role of hypoxia and growth and differentiation factor-5 on differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells towards intervertebral nucleus pulposus-like cells","volume":"21","author":"Stoyanov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Cell Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2015.09.015","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine: focus on articular cartilage and intervertebral disc regeneration","volume":"99","author":"Richardson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817b8f53","article-title":"Behavior of mesenchymal stem cells in the chemical microenvironment of the intervertebral disc","volume":"33","author":"Wuertz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-49","article-title":"Responses of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to chemical microenvironment of the intervertebral disc","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000184365.28481.e3","article-title":"Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells transplanted to a rabbit degenerative disc model: potential and limitations for stem cell therapy in disc regeneration","volume":"30","author":"Sakai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B5.23015","article-title":"Effects of implantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, disc distraction and combined therapy on reversing degeneration of the intervertebral disc","volume":"92","author":"Hee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199811150-00016","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to nucleus pulposus cells. Implications for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Nishida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000085303.67942.94","article-title":"Gene transfer of the catabolic inhibitor TIMP-1 increases measured proteoglycans in cells from degenerated human intervertebral discs","volume":"28","author":"Wallach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/35038533","article-title":"Gene therapy: trials and tribulations","volume":"1","author":"Somia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"5644","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088547","article-title":"LMO2-associated clonal T cell proliferation in two patients after gene therapy for SCID-X1","volume":"302","author":"Hacein-Bey-Abina","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6977","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/427779a","article-title":"The future of gene therapy","volume":"427","author":"Cavazzana-Calvo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.01.008","article-title":"Assessment of changes in the micro-nano environment of intervertebral disc degeneration based on Pfirrmann grade","volume":"19","author":"Che","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.10.018","article-title":"Controlled immobilization-traction based on intervertebral stability is conducive to the regeneration or repair of the degenerative disc: an in vivo study on the rat coccygeal model","volume":"19","author":"Che","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f81314","article-title":"Development of an organ culture system for long-term survival of the intact human intervertebral disc","volume":"36","author":"Gawri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2011.0025","article-title":"Development of a bioreactor for axially loaded intervertebral disc organ culture","volume":"17","author":"Haglund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part C Methods"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2700","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146499.97948.52","article-title":"Nutrition of the intervertebral disc","volume":"29","author":"Urban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0746-2","article-title":"Tissue engineering and the intervertebral disc: the challenges","volume":"17","author":"Kandel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2004.04.004","article-title":"Anabolic and catabolic mRNA levels of the intervertebral disc vary with the magnitude and frequency of in vivo dynamic compression","volume":"22","author":"Maclean","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000201302.59050.72","article-title":"In vitro organ culture of the bovine intervertebral disc: effects of vertebral endplate and potential for mechanobiology studies","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.12.005","article-title":"The osseous endplates in lumbar vertebrae: thickness, bone mineral density and their associations with age and disk degeneration","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199602150-00003","article-title":"Transport properties of the human cartilage endplate in relation to its composition and calcification","volume":"21","author":"Roberts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.04.005","article-title":"Stable mechanical environments created by a low-tension traction device is beneficial for the regeneration and repair of degenerated intervertebral discs","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-7-11","article-title":"Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0026","first-page":"220","article-title":"An overview of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0027","first-page":"771","article-title":"Clinical application of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders: part II related to myofascial and nerve apparatus","volume":"29","author":"Saggini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0028","first-page":"533","article-title":"Clinical application of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders: part I","volume":"29","author":"Saggini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B6.0830873","article-title":"Low-energy extracorporeal shock-wave treatment (ESWT) for tendinitis of the supraspinatus. A prospective, randomised study","volume":"83","author":"Schmitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020568","article-title":"Effect of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on pain intensity, functional efficiency, and postural control parameters in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Walewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S224001","article-title":"The effectiveness of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with chronic low back pain: a prospective, randomized, single-blinded pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Walewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517707505","article-title":"Effectiveness of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (rESWT) when combined with supervised exercises in patients with subacromial shoulder pain: a double-masked, randomized, sham-controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Kvalvaag","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2204-6","article-title":"Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for knee tendinopathies and other soft tissue disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"Liao","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3680-0","article-title":"High-energy versus low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy for calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder: which is superior? A meta-analysis","volume":"472","author":"Verstraelen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-011-1289-2","article-title":"Extracorporeal shockwave therapy shows chondroprotective effects in osteoarthritic rat knee","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.26659","article-title":"Shockwave targeting on subchondral bone is more suitable than articular cartilage for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Chou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.17469","article-title":"Changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone after extracorporeal shockwave therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041217","article-title":"Shockwave therapy combined with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells is better than with human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly-Derived mesenchymal stem cells on knee osteoarthritis","volume":"21","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000148152.04401.20","article-title":"A novel rabbit model of mild, reproducible disc degeneration by an anulus needle puncture: correlation between the degree of disc injury and radiological and histological appearances of disc degeneration","volume":"30","author":"Masuda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00011","article-title":"Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"26","author":"Pfirrmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(86)90306-5","article-title":"Improved quantitation and discrimination of sulphated glycosaminoglycans by use of dimethylmethylene blue","volume":"883","author":"Farndale","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-340","article-title":"In vivo experimental intervertebral disc degeneration induced by bleomycin in the rhesus monkey","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2235-z","article-title":"Intervertebral disc degeneration induced by long-segment in-situ immobilization: a macro, micro, and nanoscale analysis","volume":"19","author":"Che","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817c64a9","article-title":"A simple disc degeneration model induced by percutaneous needle puncture in the rat tail","volume":"33","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.12.090","article-title":"Culturing on decellularized extracellular matrix enhances antioxidant properties of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24168","article-title":"Nano and micro biomechanical alterations of annulus fibrosus after in situ immobilization revealed by atomic force microscopy","volume":"37","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2020.102824","article-title":"Nano and micro biomechanical analyses of the nucleus pulposus after in situ immobilization in rats","volume":"130","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Micron"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199904150-00005","article-title":"New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life","volume":"24","author":"Wilke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.01.046","article-title":"Low-intensity vibrations partially maintain intervertebral disc mechanics and spinal muscle area during deconditioning","volume":"13","author":"Holguin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146101.53784.b1","article-title":"Biology of intervertebral disc aging and degeneration: involvement of the extracellular matrix","volume":"29","author":"Roughley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(03)00104-4","article-title":"Cell therapy for disc degeneration\u2013potentials and pitfalls","volume":"35","author":"Brisby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1721-x","article-title":"Development of an intact intervertebral disc organ culture system in which degeneration can be induced as a prelude to studying repair potential","volume":"20","author":"Jim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0327-9","article-title":"Characterization of an in vitro intervertebral disc organ culture system","volume":"16","author":"Korecki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000224558.81765.56","article-title":"Disc distraction shows evidence of regenerative potential in degenerated intervertebral discs as evaluated by protein expression, magnetic resonance imaging, and messenger ribonucleic acid expression analysis","volume":"31","author":"Guehring","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0953-z","article-title":"Intradiscal pressure measurements in normal discs, compressed discs and compressed discs treated with axial posterior disc distraction: an experimental study on the rabbit lumbar spine model","volume":"15","author":"Guehring","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000150487.17562.b1","article-title":"Effects of controlled dynamic disc distraction on degenerated intervertebral discs: an in vivo study on the rabbit lumbar spine model","volume":"30","author":"Kroeber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2017.11.1.105","article-title":"Change of lumbar ligamentum flavum after indirect decompression using anterior lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"11","author":"Ohtori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e318167b054","article-title":"Neurogenic intermittent claudication in lumbar spinal canal stenosis: the clinical relationship between the local pressure of the intervertebral foramen and the clinical findings in lumbar spinal canal stenosis","volume":"22","author":"Morishita","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050590","article-title":"Dimensions of the lumbar spinal canal: variations and correlations with somatometric parameters using CT","volume":"8","author":"Karantanas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2873-7","article-title":"Dynamic changes in the dural sac of patients with lumbar canal stenosis evaluated by multidetector-row computed tomography after myelography","volume":"23","author":"Kanbara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23195","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of biological aging in intervertebral discs","volume":"34","author":"Vo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5198-0","article-title":"Human nucleus pulposus intervertebral disc cells becoming senescent using different treatments exhibit a similar transcriptional profile of catabolic and inflammatory genes","volume":"26","author":"Vamvakas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318158cb85","article-title":"Aggrecanases and aggrecanase-generated fragments in the human intervertebral disc at early and advanced stages of disc degeneration","volume":"32","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0064","first-page":"93","article-title":"Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on cultured tenocytes","volume":"30","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000244620.15386.df","article-title":"An in vitro organ culturing system for intervertebral disc explants with vertebral endplates: a feasibility study with ovine caudal discs","volume":"31","author":"Gantenbein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.06.059","article-title":"Biological mechanism of shockwave in bone","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0067","first-page":"526","article-title":"Recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells and expression of TGF-beta 1 and VEGF in the early stage of shock wave-promoted bone regeneration of segmental defect in rats","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.07.004","article-title":"Efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"185","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2594","article-title":"Mechanotransduction at a distance: mechanically coupling the extracellular matrix with the nucleus","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1759","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170323","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0323","article-title":"From mechanobiology to developmentally inspired engineering","volume":"373","author":"Ingber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.01.001","article-title":"Hypoxia differentially regulates human nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cell extracellular matrix production in 3D scaffolds","volume":"21","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24073","article-title":"Cited2 modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in nucleus pulposus cells of the rat intervertebral disc","volume":"58","author":"Agrawal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.05.044","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is a survival factor for nucleus pulposus cells in the intervertebral disc","volume":"372","author":"Fujita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00104-9","article-title":"Shock wave therapy induces neovascularization at the tendon-bone junction. A study in rabbits","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10331","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308013200","article-title":"Ras induction of superoxide activates ERK-dependent angiogenic transcription factor HIF-1alpha and VEGF-A expression in shock wave-stimulated osteoblasts","volume":"279","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2011.564336","article-title":"Age-related increases of macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy in rat nucleus pulposus","volume":"52","author":"Ye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24444","article-title":"Regulation of autophagy in human and murine cartilage: hypoxia-inducible factor 2 suppresses chondrocyte autophagy","volume":"60","author":"Bohensky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.3.7545","article-title":"Autophagy in mineralizing tissues: microenvironmental perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Srinivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"428","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000144166.66737.3a","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and their clinical applications in orthopaedics","author":"Bramono","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0350652","article-title":"Matrix synthesis and degradation in human intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"35","author":"Le Maitre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0081","first-page":"349","article-title":"Biochemical and mechanical properties of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis","volume":"41","author":"Bailey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.1999.0324","article-title":"Articular cartilage nutrition is mediated by subchondral bone: a long-term autograft study in baboons","volume":"8","author":"Malinin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20675","article-title":"Factors influencing the oxygen concentration gradient from the synovial surface of articular cartilage to the cartilage-bone interface: a modeling study","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7749","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90179-1","article-title":"Role of mechanical factors in pathogenesis of primary osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"Radin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"213","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198612000-00005","article-title":"Role of subchondral bone in the initiation and progression of cartilage damage","author":"Radin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000222032.52336.8e","article-title":"The course of macroscopic degeneration in the human lumbar intervertebral disc","volume":"31","author":"Haefeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1517\/03009734000000042","article-title":"Nutrition of the intervertebral disc: acute effects of cigarette smoking. An experimental animal study","volume":"93","author":"Holm","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ups J Med Sci"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146050.57722.2a","article-title":"Cell mechanics and mechanobiology in the intervertebral disc","volume":"29","author":"Setton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4407","article-title":"Matrix elasticity of void-forming hydrogels controls transplanted-stem-cell-mediated bone formation","volume":"14","author":"Huebsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.028","article-title":"Mechanics and biology in intervertebral disc degeneration: a vicious circle","volume":"23","author":"Vergroesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1001","article-title":"Cell and molecular mechanics of biological materials","volume":"2","author":"Bao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100040307","article-title":"A unifying principle relating stress to trabecular bone morphology","volume":"4","author":"Fyhrie","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s002850050114","article-title":"A theoretical model to predict distribution of the fabric tensor and apparent density in cancellous bone","volume":"36","author":"Luo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32679","article-title":"New predictive model for monitoring bone remodeling","volume":"95","author":"Bougherara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2011.05.041","article-title":"Fibre-matrix interaction in the human annulus fibrosus","volume":"5","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00846.2011","article-title":"Brief daily exposure to low-intensity vibration mitigates the degradation of the intervertebral disc in a frequency-specific manner","volume":"111","author":"Holguin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5424rev","article-title":"Cellular mechanotransduction: putting all the pieces together again","volume":"20","author":"Ingber","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000505835","article-title":"The efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic coccydynia","author":"Gonen Aydin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943020310123?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943020310123?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:33:51Z","timestamp":1761514431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943020310123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943020310123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with low tension traction can better reshape the microenvironment in degenerated intervertebral disc regeneration and repair","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}