{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T11:24:27Z","timestamp":1775129067273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T03:01:01Z","timestamp":1618801261000},"page":"1700-1710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Burden of preoperative opioid use and its impact on healthcare utilization after primary single level lumbar discectomy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8699-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhil","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayur","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7752-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dengzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Ugiliweneza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doniel","family":"Drazin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxwell","family":"Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6380","article-title":"Opioids for low back pain","volume":"350","author":"Deyo","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-016-0558-1","article-title":"Opioids and chronic pain: where is the balance?","volume":"18","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001202","article-title":"Use of prescription opioids before and after an operation for chronic pain (lumbar fusion surgery)","volume":"159","author":"Deyo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003297","article-title":"The impact of preoperative chronic opioid therapy in patients undergoing decompression laminectomy of the lumbar spine","volume":"45","author":"Kha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002794","article-title":"Opioid dependence and health care utilization after decompression and fusion in patients with adult degenerative scoliosis","volume":"44","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.SPINE171258","article-title":"Factors predicting opioid dependence in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis: analysis from the MarketScan databases","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2007.0050","article-title":"Prevalence of opioid dependence in spine surgery patients and correlation with length of stay","volume":"3","author":"Walid","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Opioid Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000011","article-title":"Preoperative narcotic use and its relation to depression and anxiety in patients undergoing spine surgery","volume":"38","author":"Armaghani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.03.015","article-title":"Chronic preoperative opioid use is a risk factor for increased complications, resource use, and costs after cervical fusion","volume":"18","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002609","article-title":"Preoperative chronic opioid therapy: a risk factor for complications, readmission, continued opioid use and increased costs after one- and two-level posterior lumbar fusion","volume":"43","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003338","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for chronic postoperative opioid use after major spine surgery: a cross-sectional study with longitudinal outcome","volume":"127","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003446","article-title":"Duration and dosage of opioids after spine surgery: implications on outcomes at 1 year","volume":"45","author":"Hills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002964","article-title":"Preoperative opioids and 1-year patient-reported outcomes after spine surgery","volume":"44","author":"Hills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.12.014","article-title":"Comparing different chronic preoperative opioid use definitions on outcomes after spine surgery","volume":"19","author":"Oleisky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.09.011","article-title":"Chronic opioid use following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery for degenerative cervical pathology","volume":"20","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002385","article-title":"Preoperative opioid use is a predictor of poor return to work in workers\u2019 compensation patients after lumbar diskectomy","volume":"43","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003400","article-title":"Systematic review of outcomes following 10-year mark of spine patient outcomes research trial for intervertebral disc herniation","volume":"45","author":"Oster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.08.049","article-title":"Comparative clinical effectiveness of management strategies for sciatica: systematic review and network meta-analyses","volume":"15","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy209","article-title":"Drivers of variability in 90-day cost for primary single-level microdiscectomy","volume":"83","author":"Chotai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0020","unstructured":"MarketScan Research Databases - databases | IBM n.d. Armonk, NY, USA: IBM;https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/products\/marketscan-research-databases\/databases (accessed October 26, 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0021","unstructured":"Controlled Substance Schedules n.d. Springfield, VA: U.S Department of Justice and Drug Enforcement Agency; https:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/schedules\/ (accessed October 9, 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318169d03b","article-title":"De Facto long-term opioid therapy for noncancer pain","volume":"24","author":"Von Korff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0504","article-title":"New persistent opioid use after minor and major surgical procedures in us adults","volume":"152","author":"Brummett","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3298","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for chronic opioid use among opioid-naive patients in the postoperative period","volume":"176","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002238","article-title":"Persistent postsurgical pain: pathophysiology and preventative pharmacologic considerations","volume":"129","author":"Richeb\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000160","article-title":"A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11","volume":"156","author":"Treede","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199801000-00004","article-title":"Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data","volume":"36","author":"Elixhauser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3109\/15360288.2015.1101641","article-title":"Economic burden of prescription opioid misuse and abuse: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Oderda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3671-1","article-title":"Which variables are associated with patient-reported outcomes after discectomy? Review of SPORT disc herniation studies","volume":"473","author":"Koerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000550","article-title":"A 90-day bundled payment for primary single-level lumbar discectomy\/decompression. What does \"big data\" say?","volume":"31","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E849","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182959e4e","article-title":"Does opioid pain medication use affect the outcome of patients with lumbar disc herniation?","volume":"38","author":"Radcliff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.05.094","article-title":"How does preoperative opioid use impact postoperative health-related quality of life scores for patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy?","volume":"20","author":"Virk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.01.113","article-title":"Factors affecting long-term postoperative narcotic use in discectomy patients","volume":"112","author":"Qureshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0034","unstructured":"Evidence Based Clinical Guidelines for Multidisciplinary Spine Care. Diagnosis and Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation with Radiculopathy. Burr Ridge, IL: North American Spine Society; 2020.https:\/\/www.spine.org\/Portals\/0\/assets\/downloads\/ResearchClinicalCare\/Guidelines\/LumbarDiscHerniation.pdf (accessed November 13, 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4193-1","article-title":"Incidence of low back pain after lumbar discectomy for herniated disc and its effect on patient-reported outcomes","volume":"473","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0036","article-title":"Pre-operative opioid weaning before major spinal fusion: simulated data, real-world insights","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.156","article-title":"Operative approaches for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and multiple treatment meta-analysis of conventional and minimally invasive surgeries","volume":"114","author":"Alvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943021001960?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943021001960?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:34:59Z","timestamp":1761514499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943021001960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943021001960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Burden of preoperative opioid use and its impact on healthcare utilization after primary single level lumbar discectomy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}