{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T21:00:32Z","timestamp":1787864432135,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T23:25:10Z","timestamp":1702596310000},"page":"590-600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Spinal manipulation and electrical dry needling as an adjunct to conventional physical therapy in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a multi-center randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6559-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Dunning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Butts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bliton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Zacharko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodan","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firas","family":"Mourad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Charlebois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Gorby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-las-Pe\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h6234","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h6234","article-title":"Management of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"352","author":"Lurie","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.11.001","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Genevay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00034","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis: how is it classified?","volume":"24","author":"Schroeder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001476","article-title":"ISSLS prize winner: consensus on the clinical diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis: results of an international Delphi study","volume":"41","author":"Tomkins-Lane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.338","article-title":"Trends, major medical complications, and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults","volume":"303","author":"Deyo","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S173178","article-title":"Nonsurgical integrative inpatient treatments for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis: a multi-arm randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0007","article-title":"Current concepts and recent advances in understanding and managing lumbar spine stenosis","volume":"31","author":"Bagley","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h1225","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1225","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials","volume":"350","author":"Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.5921","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis: a review","volume":"327","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000241136.98159.8c","article-title":"A comparison between two physical therapy treatment programs for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Whitman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.09.044","article-title":"Associations between physical therapy and long-term outcomes for individuals with lumbar spinal stenosis in the SPORT study","volume":"14","author":"Fritz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.03.147","article-title":"Non-surgical interventions for lumbar spinal stenosis leading to neurogenic claudication: a clinical practice guideline","volume":"22","author":"Bussi\u00e8res","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-180","article-title":"Fluoroscopically guided transforaminal epidural dry needling for lumbar spinal stenosis using a specially designed needle","volume":"11","author":"Ahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2011-010122","article-title":"Spinal nerve root electroacupuncture for symptomatic treatment of lumbar spinal canal stenosis unresponsive to standard acupuncture: a prospective case seriesshow less","volume":"30","author":"Inoue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a2390","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2390","article-title":"Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement","volume":"337","author":"Zwarenstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.6828","article-title":"Comparative clinical effectiveness of nonsurgical treatment methods in patients With lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"2","author":"Schneider","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0017","first-page":"337","article-title":"Update on lumbar spinal stenosis. Retrospective study of 62 patients and review of the literature","volume":"65","author":"Radu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Engl Ed"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205405","article-title":"Electrical dry needling as an adjunct to exercise, manual therapy and ultrasound for plantar fasciitis: a multi-center randomized clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Dunning","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000634","article-title":"Periosteal electrical dry needling as an adjunct to exercise and manual therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"34","author":"Dunning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-0912-3","article-title":"Upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation versus mobilization and exercise in patients with cervicogenic headache: a multi-center randomized clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Dunning","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1946","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"303","author":"Haig","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2011.01.010","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis-diagnosis and management of the aging spine","volume":"16","author":"Backstrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0023","series-title":"Williams back exercises","author":"Dydyk","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(07)70040-5","article-title":"Treadmill walking with body weight support is no more effective than cycling when added to an exercise program for lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Pua","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90048-X","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis: a review of current concepts in evaluation, management, and outcome measurements","volume":"79","author":"Fritz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-018-0171-3","article-title":"The role of exercise in treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis symptoms","volume":"6","author":"Matsuwaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0027","series-title":"Peripheral manipulation","author":"Maitland","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0028","series-title":"Principles of manual medicine","author":"Greenman","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-9651(02)00076-1","article-title":"Nonsurgical management of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a literature review and a case series of three patients managed with physical therapy","volume":"14","author":"Whitman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2014.12.006","article-title":"Clinical outcomes for neurogenic claudication using a multimodal program for lumbar spinal stenosis: a retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"Ammendolia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.06.008","article-title":"Effects of supplemental heat therapy in multimodal treated chronic low back pain patients on strength and flexibility","volume":"57","author":"Freiwald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215516639653","article-title":"Effect of interferential current therapy on pain perception and disability level in subjects with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Albornoz-Cabello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.05.021","article-title":"Conservative management of temporomandibular dysfunction: a literature review with implications for clinical practice guidelines (Narrative review part 2)","volume":"21","author":"Butts","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1179\/108331913X13844245102034","article-title":"Dry needling: a literature review with implications for clinical practice guidelines","volume":"19","author":"Dunning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.24.1.5","article-title":"Effects of trigger point acupuncture on chronic low back pain in elderly patients\u2013a sham-controlled randomised trial","volume":"24","author":"Itoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2013.08.007","article-title":"Acupuncture for lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1994.tb03839.x","article-title":"Importance of modes of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic nociceptive low back pain","volume":"38","author":"Thomas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2018.02.002","article-title":"Single or multiple electroacupuncture sessions in nonspecific low back pain: are we low-responders to electroacupuncture?","volume":"11","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acupunct Meridian Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.1937","article-title":"Effects of flexion-distraction manipulation therapy on pain and disability in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.4967","article-title":"The within-session change in low back pain intensity following spinal manipulative therapy is related to differences in diffusion of water in the intervertebral discs of the upper lumbar spine and L5-S1","volume":"44","author":"Beattie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2012.3894","article-title":"Upper cervical and upper thoracic thrust manipulation versus nonthrust mobilization in patients with mechanical neck pain: a multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Dunning","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2003.12.014","article-title":"Does the adjustment cavitate the targeted joint? An investigation into the location of cavitation sounds","volume":"27","author":"Beffa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000129024.95630.57","article-title":"Determining cavitation location during lumbar and thoracic spinal manipulation: is spinal manipulation accurate and specific?","volume":"29","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0044","first-page":"39","article-title":"The manipulative crack. Frequency analysis","volume":"5","author":"Reggars","year":"1996","journal-title":"Australas Chiropr Osteopathy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2009.12.009","article-title":"What is 'manipulation'? A reappraisal","volume":"15","author":"Evans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-24","article-title":"Bilateral and multiple cavitation sounds during upper cervical thrust manipulation","volume":"14","author":"Dunning","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90228-9","article-title":"The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods","volume":"27","author":"Jensen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9","article-title":"Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. Clinical trial controlled clinical trial multicenter study","volume":"94","author":"Farrar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0049","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness of the neck disability index and numeric pain rating scale in patients with mechanical neck pain without upper extremity symptoms","volume":"35","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2015.1036696","article-title":"A proposed set of metrics for standardized outcome reporting in the management of low back pain","volume":"86","author":"Clement","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4327-8","article-title":"Focused evidence review: psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures for chronic musculoskeletal pain","volume":"33","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105966","article-title":"Minimum clinically important difference of major patient-reported outcome measures in patients undergoing decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"196","author":"Ogura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.05.004","article-title":"Psychometric properties of selected tests in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"12","author":"Cleland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011150-00017","article-title":"The Oswestry Disability Index","volume":"25","author":"Fairbank","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0055","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Oswestry Disability Index in patients with chronic low back pain: factor and Mokken analyses","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heat Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.09.020","article-title":"Oswestry Disability Index: a psychometric analysis with 1,610 patients","volume":"17","author":"Brodke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003920","article-title":"Responsiveness of outcome measures in nonsurgical patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Carlesso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201010-00020","article-title":"The reliability of the shuttle walking test, the Swiss spinal stenosis questionnaire, the Oxford spinal stenosis score, and the Oswestry Disability Index in the assessment of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"27","author":"Pratt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198303000-00004","article-title":"A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain","volume":"8","author":"Roland","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150420","article-title":"Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index: which has better measurement properties for measuring physical functioning in nonspecific low back pain? Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Chiarotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2915","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815b75ae","article-title":"Minimal clinically important change for pain intensity and disability in patients with nonspecific low back pain","volume":"32","author":"Kovacs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1959-3","article-title":"Responsiveness of the Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire in Italian subjects with sub-acute and chronic low back pain","volume":"21","author":"Monticone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2014-85","article-title":"A Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire target value to distinguish between functional and dysfunctional states in people with low back pain","volume":"68","author":"Stratford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(89)90005-6","article-title":"Measurement of health status. Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference","volume":"10","author":"Jaeschke","year":"1989","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.02.006","article-title":"Adverse events associated with the use of cervical manipulation and mobilization for the treatment of neck pain in adults: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Carlesso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0066","first-page":"A71","article-title":"Methods for handling missing data in the behavioral neurosciences: don't throw the baby rat out with the bath water","volume":"5","author":"Rubin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Undergrad Neurosci Educ"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E857","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001635","article-title":"Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"41","author":"Zaina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2009.50.5.683","article-title":"The efficacy of physical therapy and physical therapy plus calcitonin in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"50","author":"Sahin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001108","article-title":"Clinical scenarios for which spinal mobilization and manipulation are considered by an expert panel to be inappropriate (and appropriate) for patients With chronic low back pain","volume":"57","author":"Herman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2009.02.001","article-title":"Chiropractic treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: a review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Stuber","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0071","first-page":"535","article-title":"Spinal manipulation in the treatment of low-back pain","volume":"31","author":"Kirkaldy-Willis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000158941.21571.01","article-title":"Acupuncture and dry-needling for low back pain: an updated systematic review within the framework of the cochrane collaboration","volume":"30","author":"Furlan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147e153","DOI":"10.1179\/1743288X11Y.0000000007","article-title":"Effectiveness of acupuncture\/dry needling for myofasical trigger point pain","volume":"16","author":"Tough","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2008.02.006","article-title":"Acupuncture and dry needling in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Tough","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2015-010911","article-title":"Dry needling versus acupuncture: the ongoing debate","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"issue":"4:2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0076","first-page":"1","article-title":"Peripheral and spinal mechanisms of pain and dry needling mediated analgesia: a clinical resource guide for health care professionals","volume":"216","author":"Butts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Phy Med and Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.08.038","article-title":"Acupuncture vs noninsertive sham acupuncture in aging patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"133","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2087-y","article-title":"A comparative study of three conservative treatments in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: lumbar spinal stenosis with acupuncture and physical therapy study (LAP study)","volume":"18","author":"Oka","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0079","first-page":"37","article-title":"Difference between therapeutic effects of deep and superficial acu- puncture needle insertion for low back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Sachiko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Japanese Acupunct Moxibustion"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.20.2-3.78","article-title":"Superficial versus deep dry needling","volume":"20","author":"Baldry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16662","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016662","article-title":"Acupotomy for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.13045\/acupunct.2017093","article-title":"Randomized controlled trials of miniscalpel acupuncture for lumbar spinal stenosis cited in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database","volume":"34","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Acupunct Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0083","first-page":"69","article-title":"Therapeutic evaluation of percutaneous target radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with needle knife techniques therapy in age-related lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"30","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pract Geriatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem050","article-title":"Acupuncture treatment for low back pain and lower limb symptoms-the relation between acupuncture or electroacupuncture stimulation and sciatic nerve blood flow","volume":"5","author":"Inoue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02800-2","article-title":"Electroacupuncture induces the expression of Fos in rat dorsal horn via capsaicin-insensitive afferents","volume":"978","author":"Uchida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000101","article-title":"Mechanisms of acupuncture-electroacupuncture on persistent pain","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2013.01.004","article-title":"Purine receptor mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling of human fibroblasts","volume":"53","author":"Goldman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22442","article-title":"Fibroblast cytoskeletal remodeling contributes to connective tissue tension","volume":"226","author":"Langevin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20623","article-title":"Subcutaneous tissue fibroblast cytoskeletal remodeling induced by acupuncture: evidence for a mechanotransduction-based mechanism","volume":"207","author":"Langevin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20081","article-title":"Effects of electroacupuncture versus manual acupuncture on the human brain as measured by fMRI","volume":"24","author":"Napadow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2011.07.002","article-title":"Electroacupuncture alleviates affective pain in an inflammatory pain rat model","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200112000-00003","article-title":"Acupuncture for chronic low back pain: a randomized placebo-controlled study with long-term follow-up","volume":"17","author":"Carlsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00269-5","article-title":"Does acupuncture improve the orthopedic management of chronic low back pain\u2013a randomized, blinded, controlled trial with 3 months follow up. Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't","volume":"99","author":"Molsberger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp004","article-title":"How to select, calculate, and interpret effect sizes","volume":"34","author":"Durlak","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002_bib0095","first-page":"700","article-title":"Interpreting estimates of treatment effects: implications for managed care","volume":"33","author":"Faraone","year":"2008","journal-title":"P T"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943023035635?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943023035635?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T20:34:00Z","timestamp":1729110840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943023035635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943023035635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spinal manipulation and electrical dry needling as an adjunct to conventional physical therapy in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a multi-center randomized clinical trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.12.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}