{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:59:11Z","timestamp":1784267951041,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T09:47:04Z","timestamp":1706608024000},"page":"1056-1064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The risk of neurological deterioration while using neoadjuvant denosumab on patients with giant cell tumor of the spine presenting with epidural disease: a meta-analysis of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8813-1686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humaid","family":"Al Farii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"McChesney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7934-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalin S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence D.","family":"Rhines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerae O.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin E.","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0001","series-title":"WHO classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.01.016","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of fifth lumbar vertebrae: two case reports and review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Shimada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000206","article-title":"Surgical treatment of giant cell tumours of the thoracic and lumbar spine: report of nine patients","volume":"10","author":"Fidler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002094","article-title":"En bloc resection versus intralesional surgery in the treatment of giant cell tumor of the spine","volume":"42","author":"Charest-Morin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"22 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ba0024","article-title":"Aggressive \u201cbenign\u201d primary spine neoplasms: osteoblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, and giant cell tumor","volume":"34","author":"Harrop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1309\/BPET-F2PE-P2BD-J3P3","article-title":"RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B) and RANK ligand are expressed in giant cell tumors of bone","volume":"117","author":"Roux","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70277-8","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of denosumab for adults and skeletally mature adolescents with giant cell tumour of bone: interim analysis of an open-label, parallel group, phase 2 study","volume":"14","author":"Chawla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70010-3","article-title":"Denosumab in patients with giant-cell tumour of bone: an open-label, phase 2 study","volume":"11","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769010-00018","article-title":"Giant-cell tumor of bone","volume":"69","author":"Campanacci","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE09459","article-title":"Reliability analysis of the epidural spinal cord compression scale","volume":"13","author":"Bilsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.SPINE13937","article-title":"Giant cell tumors of the spine: has denosumab changed the treatment paradigm?","volume":"22","author":"Goldschlager","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.5.945","article-title":"Neurological recovery in two patients with cauda equina syndrome secondary to L5 lumbar spine giant cell tumour after treatment with denosumab without surgery","volume":"10","author":"Randhawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E654","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001350","article-title":"Interest of denosumab for the treatment of giant-cells tumors and aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine. About nine cases","volume":"41","author":"Dubory","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4005","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6655","article-title":"Total en bloc spondylectomy of the eleventh thoracic vertebra following denosumab therapy for the treatment of a giant cell tumor","volume":"14","author":"Inoue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E629","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001951","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of cervical spine presenting as acute asphyxia: successful surgical resection after down-staging with denosumab","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-019-2029-4","article-title":"Successful total en bloc spondylectomy of the L3 vertebra with a paravertebral giant cell tumor following preoperative treatment with denosumab: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12561","article-title":"Short-term preoperative denosumab with surgery in unresectable or recurrent giant cell tumor of bone","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.03.185","article-title":"Morphologic changes after denosumab therapy in patients with giant cell tumor of the spine: report of four cases and a review of the literature","volume":"127","author":"Yonezawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02554-9","article-title":"Can Denosumab cure giant cell tumors of the spine? A case report and literature review","volume":"30","author":"Xar\u00e1-Leite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0020","first-page":"76","article-title":"Denosumab therapy for giant-cell tumor of the lumbar spine: a case report and immunohistochemical examination","volume":"10","author":"Yayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05997-0","article-title":"Denosumab in the treatment of giant cell tumor of the spine. Preliminary report, review of the literature and protocol proposal","volume":"29","author":"Boriani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0022","first-page":"95","article-title":"Minimally invasive spinal stabilization with denosumab before total spondylectomy for a collapsing lower lumbar spinal giant cell tumor","volume":"75","author":"Minato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1801-85","article-title":"International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, Revised 2011","volume":"18","author":"Burns","year":"2012","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.3.553","article-title":"Denosumab for treatment of a recurrent cervical giant-cell tumor","volume":"10","author":"Kajiwara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000128643.38390.07","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the pelvis and sacrum: 17 cases and analysis of the literature","volume":"423","author":"Leggon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199306000-00025","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of the sacrum","volume":"291","author":"Turcotte","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.10.045","article-title":"Management of spinal giant cell tumors","volume":"16","author":"Luksanapruksa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2707-6","article-title":"Factors affecting prognosis of patients with giant cell tumors of the mobile spine: retrospective analysis of 102 patients in a single center","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0029","first-page":"643","article-title":"A new bisphosphonate treatment option for giant cell tumors","volume":"8","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Onc Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010650","article-title":"Bisphosphonate use and atypical fractures of the femoral shaft","volume":"364","author":"Schilcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-014-1268-5","article-title":"Giant cell tumour of bone: new treatments in development","volume":"17","author":"L\u00f3pez-Pousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2014.02.019","article-title":"Sustained long-term complete regression of a giant cell tumor of the spine after treatment with denosumab","volume":"14","author":"Mattei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.16.00072","article-title":"The role of denosumab in the modern treatment of giant cell tumor of bone","volume":"5","author":"Thornley","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.01.028","article-title":"Denosumab in advanced\/unresectable giant-cell tumour of bone (GCTB): for how long?","volume":"76","author":"Palmerini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2016.1278305","article-title":"Denosumab in patients with giant-cell tumor of bone in Norway: results from a nationwide cohort","volume":"56","author":"Boye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2019.100217","article-title":"Denosumab versus zoledronic acid in cases of surgically unsalvageable giant cell tumor of bone: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4634-9","article-title":"Surgical downstaging in an open-label phase II trial of denosumab in patients with giant cell tumor of bone","volume":"22","author":"Rutkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.01332","article-title":"A translational study of the neoplastic cells of giant cell tumor of bone following neoadjuvant denosumab","volume":"96","author":"Mak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943024000330?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943024000330?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T07:11:13Z","timestamp":1715757073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943024000330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943024000330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The risk of neurological deterioration while using neoadjuvant denosumab on patients with giant cell tumor of the spine presenting with epidural disease: a meta-analysis of the literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.01.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}