{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T02:53:31Z","timestamp":1770692011225,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:22:35Z","timestamp":1734049355000},"page":"966-973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Complementary effects of postoperative delirium and frailty on 30-day outcomes in spine surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6696-8984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nithin K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4955-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan T.","family":"Prvulovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Zoghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hikmat R.","family":"Chmait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Covell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron J.","family":"Sabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"DeGenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc D.","family":"Moisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meic H.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Bowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0001","series-title":"Am Assoc Adv Sci 296","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Broken limits to life expectancy","author":"Oeppen","year":"2002"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2021.160","article-title":"Major trends in population growth around the world","volume":"3","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"China CDC Weekly"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.07.017","article-title":"Influence of aging and environment on presentation of infection in older adults","volume":"31","author":"El Chakhtoura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.02.002","article-title":"The assessment of frailty in older adults","volume":"26","author":"Abellan van Kan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.01.028","article-title":"Frailty adversely affects outcomes of patients undergoing spine surgery: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"9868","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00044","DOI":"10.1227\/neuprac.0000000000000044","article-title":"The risk analysis index has superior discrimination compared with the modified frailty index-5 in predicting worse postoperative outcomes for the octogenarian neurosurgical patient","volume":"4","author":"Yocky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosurg Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4202","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the risk analysis index for measuring frailty in surgical populations","volume":"152","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0009","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in the elderly","volume":"80","author":"Parikh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthes Analges"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31818e4776","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in the elderly: risk factors and outcomes","volume":"249","author":"Robinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"10206","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","article-title":"Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health","volume":"394","author":"Hoogendijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12566","article-title":"Strategies for prevention of postoperative delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003276","article-title":"Recalibration and external validation of the risk Analysis index: a surgical frailty assessment tool","volume":"272","author":"Arya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4202","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the risk analysis index for measuring frailty in surgical populations","volume":"152","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0015","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Causation, mediation and explanation","volume":"45","author":"Pearce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107616","article-title":"Preoperative frailty risk in deep brain stimulation patients: risk analysis index predicts Clavien-Dindo IV complications","volume":"226","author":"Owodunni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04448-2","article-title":"Impact of frailty on the outcomes of patients undergoing degenerative spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Baek","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0019","first-page":"136","article-title":"Comparison of the Risk Analysis Index and the modified 5-factor frailty index in predicting 30-day morbidity and mortality after spine surgery","volume":"39","author":"Bowers","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosurg: Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.2606","article-title":"Effect of delirium and other major complications on outcomes after elective surgery in older adults","volume":"150","author":"Gleason","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-5215.2002.51002.x","article-title":"Delirium symptoms in post-acute care: prevalent, persistent, and associated with poor functional recovery","volume":"51","author":"Marcantonio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4233","article-title":"Preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium following hip fracture repair: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005563.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised patients","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.12.4.703","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium after spine surgery: an age-matched analysis","volume":"12","author":"Morino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs021","article-title":"The impact of frailty and delirium on mortality in older inpatients","volume":"41","author":"Eeles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01961-5","article-title":"Association of preoperative frailty with postoperative delirium in elderly orthopedic trauma patients","volume":"34","author":"Esmaeeli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02692-5","article-title":"Association of preoperative frailty with the risk of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66276-3","article-title":"Incidence & risk factors of postoperative delirium after spinal surgery in older patients","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.06.063","article-title":"Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management","volume":"125","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.02.040","article-title":"Post-operative delirium is an independent predictor of 30-day hospital readmission after spine surgery in the elderly (\u226565years old): a study of 453 consecutive elderly spine surgery patients","volume":"41","author":"Elsamadicy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a0d507","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for postoperative delirium after lumbar spine surgery","volume":"38","author":"Fineberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.09.008","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and impact of delirium on hospitalized older adults with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0695-x","article-title":"Preoperative medication use and postoperative delirium: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Kassie","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000787","article-title":"Frailty assessment and prehabilitation before complex spine surgery in patients with degenerative spine disease: a narrative review","volume":"35","author":"Mohamed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943024012026?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943024012026?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T01:45:25Z","timestamp":1744681525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943024012026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943024012026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Complementary effects of postoperative delirium and frailty on 30-day outcomes in spine surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.12.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}