{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:07:14Z","timestamp":1778299634521,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T21:17:42Z","timestamp":1743196662000},"page":"2253-2261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Racial disparities in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: an analysis of 67,621 patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Brian Q.","family":"Truong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linsen T.","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haseeb E.","family":"Goheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary T.","family":"Lyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3473-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan J.","family":"Carmouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00410","article-title":"Current concepts in orthopaedic care disparities","volume":"26","author":"Pandya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthopaed Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ab930e","article-title":"Insurance status, geography, race, and ethnicity as predictors of anterior cervical spine surgery rates and in-hospital mortality: an examination of United States trends from 1992 to 2005","volume":"34","author":"Alosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E116","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004544","article-title":"Trends in outpatient cervical spine surgery: are there emerging disparities?","volume":"48","author":"Amen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.10.072","article-title":"Trends in resource utilization and rate of cervical disc arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion throughout the United States from 2006 to 2013","volume":"18","author":"Saifi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000962","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for readmission in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy fusion: a predictive risk scale","volume":"33","author":"Siracuse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000967","article-title":"Identifying the most appropriate ACDF patients for an ambulatory surgery center: a pilot study using inpatient and outpatient hospital data","volume":"33","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2018.05.26","article-title":"Hypothyroidism increases 90-day postoperative complications in patients undergoing primary single level anterior cervical disectomy and fusion: a matched control analysis","volume":"4","author":"Vakharia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phan K, Kim JS, Kim JH, Somani S, Di'Capua J, Dowdell JE, et al. Anesthesia duration as an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications in adults undergoing elective ACDF. 101177\/2192568217701105 2017;7:727\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568217701105.","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217701105"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568221989293","article-title":"Octogenarians are independently associated with extended LOS and non-routine discharge after elective ACDF for CSM","volume":"12","author":"Elsamadicy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218811633","article-title":"Racial disparities in surgical outcomes after spine surgery: an ACS-NSQIP analysis","volume":"9","author":"Sanford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000429","article-title":"Complications and mortality in cervical spine surgery: racial differences","volume":"39","author":"Skolasky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000001","article-title":"Health care burden of anterior cervical spine surgery: national trends in hospital charges and length of stay, 2000-2009","volume":"28","author":"Alosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001346","article-title":"The effect of patient race on extent of functional improvement after cervical spine surgery","volume":"41","author":"Elsamadicy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002140","article-title":"Predictors for patient discharge destination after elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"42","author":"Di Capua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003936","article-title":"The five-item modified frailty index is predictive of 30-day postoperative complications in patients undergoing spine surgery","volume":"46","author":"Pierce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0016","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219843111","article-title":"Factors associated with extended length of stay and 90-day readmission rates following ACDF","volume":"10","author":"Dial","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000001312","article-title":"Racial differences in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a multi-site study","author":"Woodard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105883","article-title":"Associated risk factors for extended length of stay following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"195","author":"Elsamadicy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e483","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20180424-02","article-title":"Longer operative time is associated with increased adverse events after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion: 15-minute intervals matter","volume":"41","author":"Ondeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.04.023","article-title":"Longer operative time associated with prolonged length of stay, non-home discharge and transfusion requirement after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: an analysis of 24,593 cases","volume":"21","author":"Rajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003058","article-title":"Patient factors affecting emergency department utilization and hospital readmission rates after primary anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a review of 41,813 cases","volume":"44","author":"Sheha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.14444\/5034","article-title":"Rates of mortality in cervical spine surgical procedures and factors associated with its occurrence over a 10-year period: a study of 342\u2009477 patients on the nationwide inpatient sample","volume":"12","author":"Poorman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0024","article-title":"Disparities in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion provision and outcomes for cervical stenosis","volume":"14","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"North Am Spine Soc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2022.09.005","article-title":"Rates and reasons for reoperation within 30 and 90 days following cervical spine surgery: a retrospective cohort analysis of the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MSSIC) registry","volume":"23","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.03.003","article-title":"Is orthopedic department teaching status associated with adverse outcomes of primary total hip arthroplasty?","volume":"32","author":"Boylan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001091","article-title":"Racial disparities are present in the timing of radiographic assessment and surgical treatment of hip fractures","volume":"478","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2013.0026","article-title":"Racial disparities in receiving total hip\/knee replacement surgery: the effect of hospital admission sources","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lieber AM, Boniello AJ, Kerbel YE, Petrucelli P, Kavuri V, Jakoi A, et al. Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased complication rates: are risk adjustment models necessary in cervical spine surgery? 101177\/2192568219874763 2019;10:748\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2192568219874763.","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219874763"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E289","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001230","article-title":"Impact of resident participation on outcomes after single-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2396-6","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: is surgical education safe?","volume":"157","author":"Stienen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.11.014","article-title":"Racial disparities in surgical care and outcomes in the United States: a comprehensive review of patient, provider, and systemic factors","volume":"216","author":"Haider","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00496","article-title":"The impact of social determinants of health on 30 and 90-day readmission rates after spine surgery","volume":"104","author":"Mohanty","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg- Am Vol"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943025001731?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943025001731?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:21:12Z","timestamp":1758068472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943025001731"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1529943025001731"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial disparities in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: an analysis of 67,621 patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2025.03.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}