{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:53:25Z","timestamp":1792439605134,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005407","name":"Hong Kong Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","thespinejournalonline.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T14:21:04Z","timestamp":1792333264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of scoliosis screening on surgical threshold attainment: a 30-year population-based longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Erica Yan Ping","family":"Po","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason Pui Yin","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4034-8525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenny Yat Hong","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alec Lik Hang","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2427-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsz Ping","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8153-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack Chun Yiu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3480-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham Ka Hon","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8304-0419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth Man Chee","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2738-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yik Chung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7365-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Yee Tak","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11669","article-title":"Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"319","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0002","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"1","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337","article-title":"Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. Article","volume":"369","author":"Weinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.15.1427","article-title":"A population-based study of school scoliosis screening","volume":"282","author":"Yawn","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199911150-00006","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up evaluation of a school screening program for scoliosis. Is the forward-bending test an accurate diagnostic criterion for the screening of scoliosis?","volume":"24","author":"Karachalios","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.01.019","article-title":"A population-based cohort study of 394,401 children followed for 10 years exhibits sustained effectiveness of scoliosis screening","volume":"15","author":"Fong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c7cb8c","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of school screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a large population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Luk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1492","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ecf3fe","article-title":"Referral criteria for school scoliosis screening: assessment and recommendations based on a large longitudinally followed cohort","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-8-17","article-title":"Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: an information statement by the scoliosis research society international task force","volume":"8","author":"Labelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00224","article-title":"Early Detection of Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adolescents","volume":"98","author":"Hresko","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-2-17","article-title":"SOSORT consensus paper: school screening for scoliosis. Where are we today?","volume":"2","author":"Grivas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013-017-0145-8","article-title":"2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth","volume":"13","author":"Negrini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scoliosis Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0014","article-title":"U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Evidence Syntheses, formerly Systematic Evidence Reviews. Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Evidence Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Evidence Syntheses, formerly Systematic Evidence Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679308993666","article-title":"Screening for idiopathic scoliosis. Comparison of 90 cases shows less surgery by early diagnosis","volume":"64","author":"Montgomery","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181cbcc10","article-title":"Costs of school scoliosis screening: a large, population-based study","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181bcc835","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the clinical effectiveness of school scoliosis screening","volume":"35","author":"Fong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0018","article-title":"Usage of personal computers and Internet services by Hong Kong residents, 2002 to 2012","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2764","article-title":"Age-period-cohort models for the Lexis diagram","volume":"26","author":"Carstensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0020","author":"Carstensen"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004189","article-title":"Cost-utility Analysis Comparing Bracing Versus Observation for Skeletally Immature Patients with Thoracic Scoliosis","volume":"46","author":"Ikwuezunma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-7-18","article-title":"Scoliosis detection, patient characteristics, referral patterns and treatment in the absence of a screening program in Norway","volume":"7","author":"Adobor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000005565","article-title":"Effectiveness and Cost Burden of School Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"51","author":"Lam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E53","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ef9efc","article-title":"Male-female differences in Scoliosis Research Society-30 scores in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"36","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31826c6df4","article-title":"Surgical treatment of Lenke 1 main thoracic idiopathic scoliosis: results of a prospective, multicenter study","volume":"38","author":"Newton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.5881","article-title":"Worldwide Secular Trends in Age at Pubertal Onset Assessed by Breast Development Among Girls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Eckert-Lind","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.05.018","article-title":"The timing of puberty: is it changing? Does it matter?","volume":"47","author":"Walvoord","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.5.911","article-title":"National estimates of the timing of sexual maturation and racial differences among US children","volume":"110","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.049379","article-title":"Adults at 12? Trends in puberty and their public health consequences","volume":"60","author":"Bellis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","article-title":"World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Bull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01928.x","article-title":"Secular trends of sports participation, sedentary activity and physical self-perceptions in Hong Kong adolescents, 1995-2000","volume":"99","author":"Mak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-57","article-title":"Trends in physical activity and inactivity amongst US 14-18 year olds by gender, school grade and race, 1993-2003: evidence from the youth risk behavior survey","volume":"6","author":"Adams","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-07114-1","article-title":"Correlation between physical activity and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000203","article-title":"Trends in U.S. Adolescents\u2019 media use, 1976\u20132016: The rise of digital media, the decline of TV, and the (near) demise of print","volume":"8","author":"Twenge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106224","article-title":"Independent and combined associations between screen time and physical activity and perceived stress among college students","volume":"103","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.55466","article-title":"Association of Physical Activity and Screen Time With Body Mass Index Among US Adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Nagata","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-4-26","article-title":"Screen time and physical activity during adolescence: longitudinal effects on obesity in young adulthood","volume":"4","author":"Boone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-021-01776-y","article-title":"Impact of sleep duration, physical activity, and screen time on health-related quality of life in children and adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1265\/ehpm.23-00004","article-title":"Associations of physical activity and screen time with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"28","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"}],"container-title":["The Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943026007072?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1529943026007072?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T19:35:08Z","timestamp":1792438508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1529943026007072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S1529943026007072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1529-9430"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1529-9430","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of scoliosis screening on surgical threshold attainment: a 30-year population-based longitudinal cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Spine Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2026.10.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}