{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T04:58:52Z","timestamp":1761800332339,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sexual &amp; Reproductive Healthcare"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T10:10:59Z","timestamp":1589191859000},"page":"100517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Variation in contraceptive prevalence rates in Tanzania: A multilevel analysis of individual and regional determinants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mackfallen G.","family":"Anasel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hinke","family":"Haisma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0005","unstructured":"UNFPA. State of the World Population; 2012. Available at: http:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/swp\/. [Accessed on 12 November 2014]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2307\/2137858","article-title":"Trends in unwanted childbearing in the developing world","volume":"28","author":"Bongaarts","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"The origins and evolution of family planning programs in developing countries","author":"Seltzer","key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0020","unstructured":"WHO Population and Development, \u2018International Conference on population and Development in Cairo Egypt\u2019 World Health Organization: Geneva; 1994."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0025","first-page":"767","article-title":"Some thoughts on ICPD+5","volume":"77","author":"AbouZahr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bulletin World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2009.00203.x","article-title":"How contraceptive use affects birth intervals: results of a literature review","volume":"40","author":"Yeakey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01338.x","article-title":"Effects of interpregnancy interval and outcome of the preceding pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in Matlab, Banglades","volume":"114","author":"DaVanzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0040","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Effects of preceding birth intervals on neonatal, infant and under-five years mortality and nutritional status in developing countries: evidence from the demographic and health surveys","volume":"89","author":"Rutstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet: Off Organ Int Federat Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0045","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: NBS and ICF Macro; 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.fr.9400182","article-title":"Construction, control and family planning in Tanzania: some bodies the same and some bodies different","volume":"78","author":"Richey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Feminist Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0055","unstructured":"United Republic of Tanzania, Country Report on Population and Development, International Conference on Population and Development, in Cairo, Egypt, 5th\u201313th September: Dar es Salaam; 1994."},{"issue":"9878","key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62204-1","article-title":"National, regional, and global rates and trends in contraceptive prevalence and unmet need for family planning between 1990 and 2015: a systematic and comprehensive analysis","volume":"381","author":"Alkema","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2003.00263.x","article-title":"Determinants of contraceptive method choice in rural Tanzania between 1991 and 1999","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2307\/1966669","article-title":"Fundamental elements of the quality of care: a simple framework","volume":"21","author":"Bruce","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.07.009","article-title":"Evaluating feasibility, reach and potential impact of a text message family planning information service in Tanzania","volume":"87","author":"L\u2019Engle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0080","first-page":"117","article-title":"Accessibility and use of family planning information (FPI) by rural people in Kilombero District, Tanzania","volume":"19","author":"Msoffe","year":"2009","journal-title":"African J Library, Arch Informat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0085","first-page":"26","article-title":"Utilization of modern family planning methods among women of reproductive age in rural setting: the case study of Shinyanga rural district, Tanzania","volume":"3","author":"Tengia-Kessy","year":"2006","journal-title":"East Afr J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.083329","article-title":"Low use of contraception among poor women in Africa: an equity issue","volume":"89","author":"Creanga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.11564\/28-0-550","article-title":"Determinants of contraceptive use among married women in Tanzania: Policy implication","volume":"28","author":"Anasel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Etude de la Population Africaine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.04.117","article-title":"Male fertility control \u2014 where are the men?","volume":"78","author":"Darroch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Determinant of contraceptive Usage; Lesson from women in Osun State Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Oyedokun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Humaniti Social Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2009.06.009","article-title":"Oral contraceptive discontinuation and its aftermath in 19 developing countries","volume":"81","author":"Ali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2008.18.17","article-title":"Global knowledge\/local bodies: Family planning service providers' interpretations of contraceptive knowledge(s)","volume":"18","author":"Richey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Demographic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0120","first-page":"139","article-title":"Effects of women's schooling on contraceptive use and fertility in Tanzania","volume":"19","author":"Ayoub","year":"2004","journal-title":"Afr Populat Stud"},{"year":"2008","series-title":"Decentralisation and Gender: Coordination and Cooperation on Maternal Health Issues in Selected District Councils in Tanzania","key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0125"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0130","unstructured":"Ringers PA. Contraceptive decision-making: the Wachagga of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania; 1999. (Unpublished) http:\/\/www.popline.org\/node\/524610 [Accessed on 14 December 2014]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0135","unstructured":"Steele F. Model 7 (Stata Practical): Multilevel for Binary Responses. LEMM VLE, Centre for Multilevel Modelling; 2008. http:\/\/www.cmm.bris.ac.uk\/lemma\/course\/view.php?id=13 [Accessed on 17 September 2014]."},{"year":"2010","series-title":"Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and application","author":"Hox","key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0140"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.029454","article-title":"A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: using measures of clustering in multilevel logistic regression to investigate contextual phenomena","volume":"60","author":"Merlo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0150","unstructured":"United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National Family Planning Costed Implementation Program 2010-2015, Dar es Salaam Tanzania: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare; 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(96)00278-8","article-title":"A hierarchical model of contraceptive use in urban and rural Bangladesh","volume":"55","author":"Khan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0160","first-page":"93","article-title":"Multilevel logistic regression analysis applied to binary contraceptive prevalence data","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Data Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0165","unstructured":"Wang W, Shanxiao W, Thomas P, et al. How Family planning supply and the service environment affect contraceptive use: findings from four East African countries. DHS Analytical Studies No. 26. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF International; 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10260-006-0010-z","article-title":"Determinants of contraceptive use in Egypt: A multilevel approach","volume":"15","author":"Giusti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stat Methods Appl"}],"container-title":["Sexual &amp; Reproductive Healthcare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877575620301403?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877575620301403?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T04:57:34Z","timestamp":1761800254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877575620301403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S1877575620301403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-5756"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1877-5756"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Variation in contraceptive prevalence rates in Tanzania: A multilevel analysis of individual and regional determinants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.srhc.2020.100517","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100517"}}