{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:35:59Z","timestamp":1790847359773,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002460","name":"Chung-Ang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SSM - Population Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T16:25:19Z","timestamp":1756398319000},"page":"101856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Depressive symptoms among single-person households: roles of dietary habits and frequency of eating meals with others"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Soyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyewon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5834-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bomi","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011","article-title":"Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat","volume":"29","author":"Adan","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.05.016","article-title":"The neurobiology of social distance","volume":"24","author":"Bzdok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03380-1","article-title":"Relationship between diet quality and depression among Iranian older adults in Tehran","volume":"22","author":"Chegini","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"100","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.08.018","article-title":"Social relationships and healthful dietary behaviour: Evidence from over-50s in the EPIC cohort, UK","volume":"100","author":"Conklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20093-9","article-title":"The association between dietary quality, sleep duration, and depression symptoms in the general population: Findings from cross-sectional NHANES study","volume":"24","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.112072","article-title":"The relationship between nutrition and depression in the life process: A mini-review","volume":"172","author":"Ekinci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1441006","article-title":"The association between living alone and depressive symptoms in older adults population: Evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000673","article-title":"The effects of dietary improvement on symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"81","author":"Firth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15173750","article-title":"Evaluation on the nutrition quotient scores of elderly people living alone in Korea","volume":"15","author":"Gang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-01943-4","article-title":"Association of food groups with depression and anxiety disorders","volume":"59","author":"Gibson-Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0621-7","article-title":"Household composition and suicidal behaviour in the adult population of Belgium","volume":"48","author":"Gisle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1669","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib13","article-title":"Perceived social isolation, evolutionary fitness and health outcomes: A lifespan approach","volume":"370","author":"Hawkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","article-title":"Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review","volume":"10","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcz004","article-title":"Living alone is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: 32 years of follow-up in the copenhagen Male study","volume":"5","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Heart Journal Quality of Care & Clinical Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-024-01342-0","article-title":"Biopsychosocial factors of quality of life among middle-aged adults living alone in South Korea: A secondary data analysis using the 2017 Korea community health survey","volume":"82","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4692","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084692","article-title":"Association between healthy eating index and mental health in middle-aged adults based on household size in Korea","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-020-00621-8","article-title":"Characteristics of eating alone affecting the stress, depression, and suicidal ideation","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5111","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15245111","article-title":"Associations of healthy eating behavior with mental health and health-related quality of life: Results from the Korean National Representative Survey","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.069880","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults","volume":"99","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2023.17.2.316","article-title":"The association of the Korean healthy eating index with chronic conditions in middle-aged single-person households","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrition Research and Practice"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib24","first-page":"1116","article-title":"Comparison of dietary behaviors and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Single- and multi-person households among Korean adults","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2021.0003","article-title":"Social isolation and all-cause and heart disease mortality among working-age adults in the United States: The 1998-2014 NHIS-NDI record linkage study","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Equity"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.10.2531","article-title":"Women living alone have an increased risk to develop diabetes, which is explained mainly by lifestyle factors","volume":"28","author":"Lidfeldt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2019.26.1.25","article-title":"Comparison of health status and nutrient intake by household type in the elderly population","volume":"26","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Bone Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39289-x","article-title":"The prevalence of chronic and episodic loneliness and social isolation from a longitudinal survey","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00898","article-title":"Associations of suicide rates with socioeconomic status and social isolation: Findings from longitudinal register and census data","volume":"10","author":"N\u00e4her","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.119936","article-title":"Home alone: A population neuroscience investigation of brain morphology substrates","volume":"269","author":"Noonan","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014002614","article-title":"The impact of whole-of-diet interventions on depression and anxiety: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Opie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v11.i11.997","article-title":"Healthy diet, depression and quality of life: A narrative review of biological mechanisms and primary prevention opportunities","volume":"11","author":"Pano","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.07.112","article-title":"Association between living alone and generalized anxiety disorder in Korean adults","volume":"362","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.20.0128","article-title":"Association of eating alone with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among Korean adults","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-236","article-title":"Living alone and antidepressant medication use: A prospective study in a working-age population","volume":"12","author":"Pulkki-R\u00e5back","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6663(03)00078-3","article-title":"Commensal eating patterns: A community study","volume":"41","author":"Sobal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00650-9","article-title":"Association between commensality with depression and suicidal ideation of Korean adults: The sixth and seventh Korean national health and nutrition examination survey, 2013, 2015, 2017","volume":"19","author":"Son","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1858-8","article-title":"Quality of life of middle-aged adults in single households in South Korea","volume":"27","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.02.011","article-title":"Who eats with family and how often? Household members and work styles influence frequency of family meals in urban Japan","volume":"125","author":"Takeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv145","article-title":"Eating alone and depression in older men and women by cohabitation status: The JAGES longitudinal survey","volume":"44","author":"Tani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib41","series-title":"Principles and recommendations for population and housing censuses (Rev. 2)","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020348","article-title":"Higher HEI-2015 score is associated with reduced risk of depression: Result from NHANES 2005-2016","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19344-6","article-title":"The association between the number of food kinds and risk of depression in U.S. adults","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2021.15.4.516","article-title":"Relationship between psychological distress and the adherence to the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI): The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013 and 2015","volume":"15","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrition Research and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2022.16.2.233","article-title":"Development of the Korean healthy eating index for adults, based on the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"16","author":"Yun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrition Research and Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.4855","article-title":"Social isolation, brain food cue processing, eating behaviors, and mental health symptoms","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"}],"container-title":["SSM - Population Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352827325001107?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352827325001107?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T12:17:12Z","timestamp":1757679432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352827325001107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S2352827325001107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Depressive symptoms among single-person households: roles of dietary habits and frequency of eating meals with others","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"SSM - Population Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101856","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101856"}}