{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:56:03Z","timestamp":1783641363079,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SSM - Population Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:00:57Z","timestamp":1774339257000},"page":"101911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Factors associated with mental health among young adults: Cross-country longitudinal evidence from Ethiopia, India, and Peru"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Favara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Quigua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202000393","article-title":"Social determinants of mental health as mediators and moderators of the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"72","author":"Bernardini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib2","series-title":"\u2018How Many Rooms Are There in Your House?\u2019: Constructing the Young Lives Wealth Index. Young Lives Technical Note 43","author":"Briones","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib3","series-title":"How does teenage marriage and motherhood affect the lives of young women in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam?","author":"Briones","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.02.005","article-title":"Risk for recurrence in depression","volume":"27","author":"Burcusa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20291-5","article-title":"Social inequalities in child mental health trajectories: A longitudinal study using birth cohort data 12 countries","volume":"24","author":"Cadman","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100742","article-title":"The gender gap in adolescent mental health: A cross-national investigation of 566,829 adolescents across 73 countries","volume":"13","author":"Campbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"SSM, Population Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113236","article-title":"Establishing reliability and validity for mental health screening instruments in resource-constrained settings: Systematic review of the PHQ-9 and key recommendations","volume":"291","author":"Carroll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2023.100277","article-title":"Mental health in India: Sociocultural dimensions, policies and programs \u2013 An introduction to the India series","volume":"4","author":"Chakrapani","year":"2023","journal-title":"SSM Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2020.100697","article-title":"A bio-ecological framing of evidence on the determinants of adolescent mental health - A scoping review of the international health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study 1983\u20132020","volume":"12","author":"Currie","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSM, Population Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/wber\/lhn010","article-title":"Mental health patterns and consequences: Results from survey data in five developing countries","volume":"23","author":"Das","year":"2009","journal-title":"The World Bank Economic Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.676398","article-title":"Are the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 suitable for use in India? A psychometric analysis","volume":"12","author":"De Man","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib12","article-title":"Strengthening response toward promoting mental health in India: A narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Dhyani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib13","series-title":"An assessment of the young lives sampling approach in Peru","author":"Escobal","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab111","article-title":"Cohort profile update: The young lives study","volume":"50","author":"Favara","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psycom.2022.100025","article-title":"Young people, mental health, and civil conflict: Preliminary findings from Ethiopia's Tigray region","volume":"2","author":"Favara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118073","article-title":"Under pressure: Assessing the relationship between job loss and mental health of young adults in Vietnam","volume":"375","author":"Freund","year":"2025","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901309010001","article-title":"Childhood determinants of adult psychiatric disorder","volume":"9","author":"Fryers","year":"2013","journal-title":"CPEMH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib18","unstructured":"Gavrilovic, M., Palermo, T., Valli, E., Viola, F., Vinci, V., Heissler, K., Renault, M., Serdan, A.G.G., Mussa, E.C., n.d. Child marriage and Ethiopia's productive safety net program: Analysis of protective pathways in the amhara region. Final Report."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146515584151","article-title":"Job pressure and SES-contingent buffering: Resource reinforcement, substitution, or the stress of higher status?","volume":"56","author":"Koltai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib20","series-title":"An assessment of the young lives sampling approach in Andhra Pradesh","author":"Kumra","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv31","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckab153","article-title":"The COVID-19 disaster and mental health-assessing, responding and recovering","volume":"31","author":"Lindert","year":"2021","journal-title":"The European Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30060-9","article-title":"Social determinants of mental disorders and the sustainable development goals: A systematic review of reviews","volume":"5","author":"Lund","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib23","series-title":"Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 2709 shortage of mental health care professionals","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02753-3","article-title":"A systematic review of validated screening tools for anxiety disorders and PTSD in low to middle income countries","volume":"20","author":"Mughal","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89700-8","article-title":"Global prevalence of mental health issues among the general population during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Nochaiwong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib26","series-title":"COVID-19 and well-being","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.11.008","article-title":"The relationship between physical and mental health: A mediation analysis","volume":"195","author":"Ohrnberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib28","series-title":"An assessment of the young lives sampling approach in Ethiopia","author":"Outes-Leon","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib29","article-title":"Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31612-X","article-title":"The Lancet commission on global mental health and sustainable development","volume":"392","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-049653","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression symptoms of young people in the global south: Evidence from a four-country cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Porter","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2022.100232","article-title":"The evolution of young people's mental health during COVID-19 and the role of food insecurity: Evidence from a four low-and-middle-income-country cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Porter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health in Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023939","article-title":"Are anxiety and depression just as stable as personality during late adolescence? Results from a three-year longitudinal latent variable study","volume":"120","author":"Prenoveau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F3","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0297.00097","article-title":"On the specification and estimation of the production function for cognitive achievement","volume":"113","author":"Todd","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Economic Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib35","series-title":"Report of the international commission of human rights experts on Ethiopia","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076193","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of the patient health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, PHQ-8, PHQ-2) and general anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7, GAD-2) for depression and anxiety diagnosis: A cross-sectional study in a Peruvian hospital population","volume":"13","author":"Villarreal-Zegarra","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01688-8","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the GAD-7 (General anxiety Disorder-7): A cross-sectional study of the Peruvian general population","volume":"12","author":"Villarreal-Zegarra","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S298190","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators for implementing mental health services into the Ethiopian health extension program: A qualitative study","volume":"14","author":"Yitbarek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Management and Healthcare Policy"}],"container-title":["SSM - Population Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352827326000133?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352827326000133?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:22:28Z","timestamp":1781684548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352827326000133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S2352827326000133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Factors associated with mental health among young adults: Cross-country longitudinal evidence from Ethiopia, India, and Peru","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"SSM - Population Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101911","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101911"}}