{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:57:10Z","timestamp":1781686630770,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013804","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JBWZD001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JBWZD001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SSM - Population Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:52:07Z","timestamp":1776354727000},"page":"101924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gender differences in the long-term impact of early-life exposure to war on physical and mental health: Evidence from China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4488-2642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisheng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1353\/jhr.2014.0021","article-title":"Children of war: The long-run effects of large-scale physical destruction and warfare on children","volume":"49","author":"Akbulut-Yuksel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2017.02.005","article-title":"War during childhood: The long run effects of warfare on health","volume":"53","author":"Akbulut-Yuksel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.102.3.273","article-title":"War and stature: Growing up during the Nigerian civil war","volume":"102","author":"Akresh","year":"2012","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2023.101712","article-title":"The gender gap in life expectancy and lifespan disparity as social risk indicators for international countries: A fuzzy clustering approach","volume":"91","author":"Alaimo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Planning Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2017.06.002","article-title":"Gender differences in the association between adverse childhood experiences and cancer","volume":"27","author":"Alcal\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Women's Health Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.09.027","article-title":"The risk of return: Intimate partner violence in northern Uganda's armed conflict","volume":"70","author":"Annan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2010.08.011","article-title":"Civil wars beyond their borders: The human capital and health consequences of hosting refugees","volume":"96","author":"Baez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30854-0","article-title":"Estimating excess 1-year mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic according to underlying conditions and age: A population-based cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Banerjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/SJP.2024.29","article-title":"Gender matters: A critical piece in mental health","volume":"27","author":"Ba\u00f1os","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chieco.2025.102528","article-title":"The effect of family size on intergenerational support for elderly parents and their life expectancy: Evidence from China's \u201cLater, Longer, Fewer\u201d campaign","volume":"94","author":"Bansak","year":"2025","journal-title":"China Economic Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2023.03.007","article-title":"Gender wage and longevity gaps and the design of retirement systems","volume":"209","author":"Barigozzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib12","series-title":"Fetal and infant origins of adult disease","author":"Barker","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib13","series-title":"Mothers, babies, and disease in later life","author":"Barker","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120500200856","article-title":"Effect of an armed conflict on human resources and health systems in C\u00f4te d'Ivoire: Prevention of and care for people with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"18","author":"Betsi","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.07.005","article-title":"Neighborhood SES is particularly important to the cardiovascular health of low SES individuals","volume":"188","author":"Boylan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib16","first-page":"181","article-title":"The decline of cities under the impact of modern wars in China","volume":"131","author":"Cai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhejiang Social Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1086\/729097","article-title":"Attainment and gender equality in higher education: Evidence from a large-scale expansion","volume":"18","author":"Caner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Human Capital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30934-1","article-title":"New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"394","author":"Charlson","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053211037727","article-title":"The long arm of childhood: The prolonged influence of adverse childhood experiences on depression during middle and old age in China","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Health Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310","article-title":"Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis","volume":"98","author":"Cohen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.577","article-title":"Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress in childhood","volume":"64","author":"Copeland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113908","article-title":"Protective effect of adult children's education on parental survival in China: Gender differences and underlying mechanisms","volume":"277","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2011.08.019","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease","volume":"106","author":"Danese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01757-4","article-title":"Disparities in wellbeing in the USA by race and ethnicity, age, sex, and location, 2008\u201321: An analysis using the human development index","volume":"404","author":"Dwyer-Lindgren","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e650","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30113-4","article-title":"Frailty index and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Chinese adults: A prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000513","article-title":"Dynamics of socioecnomic risk factors for neglected tropical diseases and malaria in an armed conflict","volume":"3","author":"F\u00fcrst","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2009.04.004","article-title":"Health effects on labour market exits and entries","volume":"17","author":"Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Labour Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib28","first-page":"35","article-title":"Study on the frailty index of Chinese elderly people and its relationship with painful death","author":"Gu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Population Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21770","article-title":"Does perpetrating violence damage mental health? Differences between forcibly recruited and voluntary combatants in DR Congo","volume":"26","author":"Hecker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-016-0007-6","article-title":"Sex and gender equity in research: Rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use","volume":"1","author":"Heidari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research Integrity and Peer Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01157-X","article-title":"The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: Preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"49","author":"Heim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.21408","article-title":"Growing up in armed groups: Trauma and aggression among child soldiers in DR Congo","volume":"4","author":"Hermenau","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1162\/REST_a_00353","article-title":"The effects of world war II on economic and health outcomes across Europe","volume":"96","author":"Kesternich","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.01.011","article-title":"Associations between gender-role attitudes and mental health outcomes in a nationally representative sample of Australian adolescents","volume":"65","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2013.11.002","article-title":"In utero exposure to the Korean war and its long-term effects on socioeconomic and health outcomes","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60254-8","article-title":"Adverse health consequences of the Iraq war","volume":"381","author":"Levy","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chieco.2019.101394","article-title":"The long shadows of war in China: Battle shocks in early life and health\/wealth accumulation","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Economic Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00251-0","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive disorders and treatment in China: A cross-sectional epidemiological study","volume":"8","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2022.100399","article-title":"War trauma, mental health, aggression, and violent-extremism among former ISIS terrorists","volume":"10","author":"Mohammed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2025.106392","article-title":"Indoor housing conditions, neighborhood environment satisfaction, and mental health among older adults in China: Urban-rural differences","volume":"167","author":"Mu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2022.07.845","article-title":"Impact of the Russian invasion on mental health of adolescents in Ukraine","volume":"62","author":"Osokina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.12039","article-title":"Cultural influences on children's understanding of the human body and the concept of life","volume":"32","author":"Panagiotaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2025.101790","article-title":"Measuring county-level immigration policy contexts that may influence Latino health in California","volume":"30","author":"Perez-Lua","year":"2025","journal-title":"SSM, Population Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2020.102410","article-title":"Unfortunate moms and unfortunate children: Impact of the Nepali civil war on women's stature and intergenerational health","volume":"76","author":"Phadera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2004.05.003","article-title":"Changes with age in the distribution of a frailty index","volume":"125","author":"Rockwood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mechanisms of Ageing and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105394","article-title":"Mental health symptoms in public safety personnel: Examining the effects of adverse childhood experiences and moral injury","volume":"123","author":"Roth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1348\/026151008X346996","article-title":"Hyperactivity, shyness, and sex: Development and socio-emotional functioning","volume":"27","author":"Rydell","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2663","article-title":"The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress","volume":"129","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00067-9","article-title":"War, gender and culture: Mozambican women refugees","volume":"56","author":"Sideris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2018.06.002","article-title":"Early life shocks and mental health: The long-term effect of war in Vietnam","volume":"141","author":"Singhal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/738042","article-title":"Job tasks, task-specific work experience, and the gender wage gap","volume":"20","author":"Stinebrickner","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Human Capital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104447","article-title":"Prevalence, socio-demographic correlates and associations of adverse childhood experiences with mental illnesses: Results from the Singapore mental health study","volume":"103","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czaf060","article-title":"How are health capital and income inequality linked? Analysis of the 2012-2018 China labor-Force dynamics survey","volume":"40","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.056","article-title":"Social support under siege: An analysis of forced migration among women from the democratic republic of Congo","volume":"208","author":"Wachter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104026","article-title":"Exploring the role of psychological assistance hotlines in improving mental health problems among Chinese adult women: A perspective based on social expectations and gender roles","volume":"96","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30548-2","article-title":"Survival, disabilities in activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning among the oldest-old in China: A cohort study","volume":"389","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2010.10.008","article-title":"Predictors of mental and physical health: Individual and neighborhood levels of education, social well-being, and ethnicity","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-12022-8","article-title":"The impact of digital technology on health inequality: Evidence from China","volume":"24","author":"Zhen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2024.116847","article-title":"Improving health and reducing health inequality: An innovation of digitalization?","volume":"348","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.02.074","article-title":"Gender differences in the associations of adverse childhood experiences with depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"378","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"}],"container-title":["SSM - Population Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352827326000261?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352827326000261?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:21:10Z","timestamp":1781684470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352827326000261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S2352827326000261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender differences in the long-term impact of early-life exposure to war on physical and mental health: Evidence from China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"SSM - Population Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101924","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101924"}}