{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:08:46Z","timestamp":1790251726145,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"UK Research and Innovation Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/T00200X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00200X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"UK Research and Innovation Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/N00812X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/N00812X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SSM - Population Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:43:42Z","timestamp":1787615022000},"page":"101962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A systematic review and empiric examination of the conceptual and analytic overlap between allostatic load and multimorbidity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9189-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara L.","family":"Booker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Meadows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Cranshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Dearman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Dilkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedict","family":"Hignell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adisetu Joy","family":"Malih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Navyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6394","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216394","article-title":"Immunology of stress: A review article","volume":"13","author":"Alotiby","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib2","series-title":"English longitudinal study of ageing: Waves 0-11, 1998-2024","author":"Banks","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800412455688","article-title":"A systematic review of allostatic load, health, and health disparities","volume":"14","author":"Beckie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Research For Nursing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22406","article-title":"Modeling multisystem biological risk in later life: Allostatic load in the lothian birth cohort study 1936","volume":"25","author":"Booth","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057136","article-title":"Allostatic load as predictor of mortality: A cohort study from Lolland -Falster, Denmark","volume":"12","author":"Bruun-Rasmussen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00088-7","article-title":"Ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for obesity based on type 2 diabetes risk in England: A population-based cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Caleyachetty","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.111050","article-title":"Measuring allostatic load: Approaches and limitations to algorithm cre ation","volume":"163","author":"Carbone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7204","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23208","article-title":"Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.4857","article-title":"Predicting individual pain sensitivity using a novel cortical biomarke r signature","volume":"82","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101860","article-title":"Global and regional prevalence of multimorbidity in the adult populati on in community settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib11","article-title":"The association between allostatic load and cognitive function: A syst ematic and meta-analytic review","volume":"121","author":"D'Amico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating ch aracteristic curves: A nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"DeLong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.09.018","article-title":"Unpacking the burden: Understanding the relationships between chronic pain and comorbidity in the general population","volume":"153","author":"Dominick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2025.02.016","article-title":"Allostatic load and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Evans","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000510696","article-title":"Allostatic load and its impact on health: A systematic review","volume":"90","author":"Guidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib18","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Conceptual and analytical overlap between allostatic load and systemic biological aging measures: Analyses from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States","volume":"77","author":"Hastings","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.121030","article-title":"Allostatic load, depressive symptoms, and risk of cardiometabolic mult imorbidity: A national representative cohort study","volume":"398","author":"Hong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e265","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00054-5","article-title":"Cardiometabolic multimorbidity, lifestyle behaviours, and cognitive fu nction: A multicohort study","volume":"4","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet. Healthy Longevity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.09.025","article-title":"A systematic review of allostatic load in relation to socioeconomic po sition: Poor fidelity and major inconsistencies in biomarkers employed","volume":"192","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.38361","article-title":"Associations of cardiometabolic multimorbidity with all-cause and coro nary heart disease mortality among black adults in the Jackson heart S tudy","volume":"5","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.10.002","article-title":"Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition","volume":"35","author":"Juster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105689","article-title":"Comparing different operationalizations of allostatic load measured in mid-life and their patterning by race and cumulative life course soci oeconomic status","volume":"139","author":"Kezios","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105917","article-title":"The association between allostatic load and brain: A systematic review","volume":"145","author":"Lenart-Bugla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119711","article-title":"Allostatic load partially mediates the association between number of s tressful life events and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A nationally representative cross sectional study from CHARLS","volume":"389","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2023.106117","article-title":"Towards a consensus definition of allostatic load: A multi-cohort, mul ti-system, multi-biomarker individual participant data (IPD) meta-anal ysis","volume":"153","author":"McCrory","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09546.x","article-title":"Stress, adaptation, and disease. Allostasis and allostatic load","volume":"840","author":"McEwen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1314.001","article-title":"Protection and damage from acute and chronic stress: Allostasis and Al lostatic overload and relevance to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders","volume":"1032","author":"McEwen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104789","article-title":"Does the choice of Allostatic Load scoring algorithm matter for predic ting age-related health outcomes?","volume":"120","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics10040084","article-title":"The longitudinal relationship between allostatic load and multimorbidi ty among older Americans","volume":"10","author":"Mira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.13989","article-title":"Association of allostatic load with all-cause mortality in patients Wi th breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Obeng-Gyasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systemat ic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.02.003","article-title":"Allostatic load and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Parker","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035942","article-title":"Clarifying the roles of homeostasis and allostasis in physiological re gulation","volume":"121","author":"Ramsay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15061092","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and allostatic load: A scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib37","series-title":"Longitudinal and life course studies","first-page":"1","article-title":"A glossary for social-to-biological research","author":"Robertson","year":"2024"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183297","article-title":"Allostatic load as a predictor of all-cause and cause-specific mortali ty in the general population: Evidence from the Scottish Health Survey","volume":"12","author":"Robertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib39","series-title":"Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2)","author":"Ryff","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib40","series-title":"Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2): Biomarker Project, 2004-2009","author":"Ryff","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.23911","article-title":"Comparison of 6 mortality risk scores for prediction of 1-Year mortali ty risk in older adults with multimorbidity","volume":"5","author":"Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4770","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.081072698","article-title":"Allostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological risk: MacArthur s tudies of successful aging","volume":"98","author":"Seeman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00376-4","article-title":"Multimorbidity","volume":"8","author":"Skou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu067","article-title":"Cohort profile: The health and retirement Study (HRS)","volume":"43","author":"Sonnega","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.12.020","article-title":"Health risk behaviours and allostatic load: A systematic review","volume":"108","author":"Suvarna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70065-7","article-title":"Systematic reviews: CRD's guidance for undertaking reviews in health c are","volume":"10","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib14","series-title":"Understanding Society: Waves 1-15, 2009-2024 and harmonised BHPS: Wave s 1-18, 1991-2009","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib15","series-title":"Understanding Society: Waves 2 and 3 Nurse Health Assessment, 2010- 20 12","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib47","series-title":"Health and Retirement Study (RAND HRS Longitudinal File 2022 (V1)) pub lic use dataset","author":"University of Michigan","year":"2025"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib49","article-title":"Assessment of multidimensional measures of aging cross-sectionally and longitudinally across the entire adult age span in the United Kingdom","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2024.06.006","article-title":"When in the lifecourse? Socioeconomic position across the lifecourse a nd biological health score","volume":"96","author":"Whitley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l6964","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6964","article-title":"Rising to the challenge of multimorbidity","volume":"368","author":"Whitty","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100792","article-title":"Allostatic load elevates the risk and adverse prognosis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: Modulatory effects of lifestyle interventions and genetic susceptibility","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024476","article-title":"Multimorbidity of cardiometabolic diseases: Prevalence and risk for mo rtality from one million Chinese adults in a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["SSM - Population Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352827326000649?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352827326000649?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:31:27Z","timestamp":1790249487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352827326000649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S2352827326000649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic review and empiric examination of the conceptual and analytic overlap between allostatic load and multimorbidity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"SSM - Population Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2026.101962","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101962"}}