{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:33:44Z","timestamp":1790663624355,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20bm0704050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20bm0704050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/R017190\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R017190\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/V005367\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V005367\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPG-2018-356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG-2018-356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000735","name":"University of Cambridge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stem Cell Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T12:00:13Z","timestamp":1620734413000},"page":"1021-1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Biomedical and societal impacts of in\u00a0vitro embryo models of mammalian development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Naomi","family":"Moris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cantas","family":"Alev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Martinez Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib1","article-title":"Addressing the ethical issues raised by synthetic human entities with embryo-like features","volume":"6","author":"Aach","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.06.039","article-title":"International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology: world report on assisted reproductive technology, 2011","volume":"110","author":"Adamson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2018-105358","article-title":"Use of zebrafish models to investigate rare human disease","volume":"55","author":"Adamson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R10","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn170","article-title":"Aneuploidy and early human embryo development","volume":"17","author":"Ambartsumyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.06.006","article-title":"hPSC-derived lung and intestinal organoids as models of human fetal tissue","volume":"420","author":"Aurora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0578-0","article-title":"Multi-axial self-organization properties of mouse embryonic stem cells into gastruloids","volume":"562","author":"Beccari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib7","first-page":"3","article-title":"Human embryo culture","volume":"420","author":"Bioethics","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.131235","article-title":"Defining the three cell lineages of the human blastocyst by single-cell RNA-seq","volume":"142","author":"Blakeley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.259","article-title":"Properties of embryoid bodies","volume":"6","author":"Brickman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11701.1","article-title":"Recent advances in in\u00a0vitro fertilization","volume":"6","author":"Casper","year":"2017","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17948","article-title":"Self-organization of the in\u00a0vitro attached human embryo","volume":"533","author":"Deglincerti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.131","article-title":"Self-organization of human embryonic stem cells on micropatterns","volume":"11","author":"Deglincerti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1885-9","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro characterization of the human segmentation clock","volume":"580","author":"Diaz-Cuadros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j2249","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2249","article-title":"Etiology and clinical presentation of birth defects: population based study","volume":"357","author":"Feldkamp","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.97","article-title":"Birth defects associated with perturbations in preimplantation, gastrulation, and axis extension: from conjoined twinning to caudal dysgenesis","volume":"2","author":"Ferrer-Vaquer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30312-X","article-title":"Origins of lifetime health around the time of conception: causes and consequences","volume":"391","author":"Fleming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24033","article-title":"Genome editing reveals a role for OCT4 in human embryogenesis","volume":"550","author":"Fogarty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00829-9","article-title":"Stem-cell-based embryo models for fundamental research and translation","volume":"20","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-022020-024900","article-title":"Human embryogenesis: a comparative perspective","volume":"36","author":"Gerri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2021.01.006","article-title":"Human gastrulation: the embryo and its models","author":"Ghimire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3577","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells\u2014opportunities for disease modelling and drug discovery","volume":"10","author":"Grskovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib23","article-title":"Trophectoderm potency is retained exclusively in human na\u00efve cells","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0237-5","article-title":"Self-organizing neuruloids model developmental aspects of Huntington's disease in the ectodermal compartment","volume":"37","author":"Haremaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaal1810","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal1810","article-title":"Assembly of embryonic and extraembryonic stem cells to mimic embryogenesis in\u00a0vitro","volume":"356","author":"Harrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2019.05.004","article-title":"Full of potential: pluripotent stem cells for the systems biology of embryonic patterning","volume":"460","author":"Heemskerk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.150201","article-title":"The hope and the hype of organoid research","volume":"144","author":"Huch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4015","article-title":"Revisiting the Warnock rule","volume":"35","author":"Hurlbut","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2019.12.008","article-title":"Toward guidelines for research on human embryo models formed from stem cells","volume":"14","author":"Hyun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/533169a","article-title":"Embryology policy: revisit the 14-day rule","volume":"533","author":"Hyun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8937.1","article-title":"Early embryo mortality in natural human reproduction: what the data say","volume":"5","author":"Jarvis","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1558\/hrge.v17i1.66","article-title":"The \"special status\" of the human embryo in the United Kingdom: an exploration of the use of language in public policy","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Genet. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2019.07.009","article-title":"Recent advances in deriving human endodermal tissues from pluripotent stem cells","volume":"61","author":"Kechele","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1598-0","article-title":"Modelling human hepato-biliary-pancreatic organogenesis from the foregut-midgut boundary","volume":"574","author":"Koike","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.071688","article-title":"The roles of FGF and MAP kinase signaling in the segregation of the epiblast and hypoblast cell lineages in bovine and human embryos","volume":"139","author":"Kuijk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-154","article-title":"New insights into mechanisms behind miscarriage","volume":"11","author":"Larsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5258727","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5258727","article-title":"Animal models of cystic fibrosis pathology: phenotypic parallels and divergences","volume":"2016","author":"Lavelle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev180620","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.180620","article-title":"Naive human pluripotent stem cells respond to Wnt, Nodal and LIF signalling to produce expandable naive extra-embryonic endoderm","volume":"146","author":"Linneberg-Agerholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib39","article-title":"Modelling human blastocysts by reprogramming fibroblasts into iBlastoids","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.10.004","article-title":"Exposure-based assessment of chemical teratogenicity using morphogenetic aggregates of human embryonic stem cells","volume":"91","author":"Marikawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2019.12.011","article-title":"Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system for human diseases","volume":"63","author":"Markaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2144-9","article-title":"Recapitulating the human segmentation clock with pluripotent stem cells","volume":"580","author":"Matsuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2383-9","article-title":"An in\u00a0vitro model of early anteroposterior organization during human development","volume":"582","author":"Moris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib44","series-title":"The Department of Embryology","first-page":"21","article-title":"The human embryo collection at the Department of Embryology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington","volume":"Vol. V","author":"Noe","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1708","article-title":"Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study","volume":"320","author":"Nybo Andersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib46","series-title":"Stages in Early Human Development","author":"O\u2019Rahilly","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.11.004","article-title":"Derivation of human trophoblast stem cells","volume":"22","author":"Okae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.151191","article-title":"Human embryo research and the 14-day rule","volume":"144","author":"Pera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3586","article-title":"What if stem cells turn into embryos in a dish?","volume":"12","author":"Pera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-016-9642-y","article-title":"INFRAFRONTIER: a European resource for studying the functional basis of human disease","volume":"27","author":"Raess","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mamm. Genome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-07663-9","article-title":"Debate ethics of embryo models from stem cells","volume":"564","author":"Rivron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0051-0","article-title":"Blastocyst-like structures generated solely from stem cells","volume":"557","author":"Rivron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.10.030","article-title":"Human hypoblast formation is not dependent on FGF signalling","volume":"361","author":"Roode","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb437","article-title":"The mouse ascending: perspectives for human-disease models","volume":"9","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3347","article-title":"Self-organization of the human embryo in the absence of maternal tissues","volume":"18","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4829","article-title":"Self-organized amniogenesis by human pluripotent stem cells in a biomimetic implantation-like niche","volume":"16","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00236-w","article-title":"A pluripotent stem cell-based model for post-implantation human amniotic sac development","volume":"8","author":"Shao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0349-7","article-title":"A 3D model of a human epiblast reveals BMP4-driven symmetry breaking","volume":"21","author":"Simunovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-018-0147-7","article-title":"Self-assembly of embryonic and two extra-embryonic stem cell types into gastrulating embryo-like structures","volume":"20","author":"Sozen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/229132a0","article-title":"Human blastocysts grown in culture","volume":"229","author":"Steptoe","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00127-z","article-title":"Research on embryo-like structures struggles to win US government funding","volume":"577","author":"Subbaraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201810084","article-title":"Opening the black box: stem cell-based modeling of human post-implantation development","volume":"218","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0040-z","article-title":"Stem cell bioengineering: building from stem cell biology","volume":"19","author":"Tewary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0753-3","article-title":"Trophoblast organoids as a model for maternal-fetal\u00a0interactions during human placentation","volume":"564","author":"Turco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib65","article-title":"A spatially resolved single cell atlas of human gastrulation","author":"Tyser","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.023762","article-title":"Drosophila tools and assays for the study of human diseases","volume":"9","author":"Ugur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis. Model Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2024-3","article-title":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal somitogenesis in gastruloids","volume":"582","author":"van den Brink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113001","article-title":"Symmetry breaking, germ layer specification and axial organisation in aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"141","author":"van den Brink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr014","article-title":"Chromosomal mosaicism in human preimplantation embryos: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"van Echten-Arends","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21096","article-title":"Thalidomide-induced teratogenesis: history\u00a0and mechanisms","volume":"105","author":"Vargesson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib71","article-title":"Modeling mammalian trunk development in a dish","author":"Veenvliet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfx034","article-title":"Exposure-based validation of an in\u00a0vitro gastrulation model for developmental toxicity assays","volume":"157","author":"Warkus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3016","article-title":"A method to recapitulate early embryonic spatial patterning in human embryonic stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Warmflash","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib74","series-title":"Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology","author":"Warnock","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6489.187","article-title":"The Warnock report","volume":"291","author":"Warnock","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1686","article-title":"Non-invasive imaging of human embryos before embryonic genome activation predicts development to the blastocyst stage","volume":"28","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1875-y","article-title":"A developmental landscape of 3D-cultured human pre-gastrulation embryos","volume":"577","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10038","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10038","article-title":"A method for human teratogen detection by geometrically confined cell differentiation and migration","volume":"5","author":"Xing","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03356-y","article-title":"Blastocyst-like structures generated from human pluripotent stem cells","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1535-2","article-title":"Controlled modelling of human epiblast and amnion development using stem cells","volume":"573","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58144-8","article-title":"Estimates of human fertility and pregnancy loss","volume":"65","author":"Zinaman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."}],"container-title":["Stem Cell Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213671121001533?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213671121001533?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:46:28Z","timestamp":1761990388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213671121001533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213671121001533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-6711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-6711","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biomedical and societal impacts of in\u00a0vitro embryo models of mammalian development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Stem Cell Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.03.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}