{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:08:11Z","timestamp":1790856491192,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QLX3-2001-00225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QLX3-2001-00225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Steroids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]],"date-time":"2004-09-14T14:27:23Z","timestamp":1095172043000},"page":"653-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Antigen-specific T cell functions are suppressed over the estrogen-dendritic cell-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase axis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Bao-Guo","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.922.460","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and pregnancy","volume":"78","author":"Lorenzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.1.253","article-title":"Pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of onset and a better prognosis in multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Runmarker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807303390501","article-title":"Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis","volume":"339","author":"Confavreux","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib4","first-page":"28","article-title":"Hormones, pregnancy, and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Olsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gend Specif Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00110-7","article-title":"Non-infectious uveitis and pregnancy","volume":"136","author":"Rabiah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.705","article-title":"Postpartum autoimmune thyroid syndrome: a model of aggravation of autoimmune disease","volume":"9","author":"Amino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(94)90030-2","article-title":"Estrogen induces a potent suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and collagen-induced arthritis in mice","volume":"53","author":"Jansson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1230","article-title":"Estriol ameliorates autoimmune demyelinating disease: implications for multiple sclerosis","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.2080","article-title":"Low-dose estrogen therapy ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in two different inbred mouse strains","volume":"166","author":"Bebo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4802","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.9.4802","article-title":"Transfer of severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by IL-12- and IL-18-potentiated T cells is estrogen sensitive","volume":"170","author":"Ito","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.3.1548","article-title":"Oral feeding with ethinyl estradiol suppresses and treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice and inhibits the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system","volume":"170","author":"Subramanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10301","article-title":"Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol","volume":"52","author":"Sicotte","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10405","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1533207100","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by increasing T cell proliferation and lifespan through IFN-gamma-induced class II transactivator","volume":"100","author":"Cenci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1536","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency accelerates murine autoimmune arthritis associated with RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis","author":"Yoneda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02263501","article-title":"Additive effects of suboptimal doses of estrogen and cortisone on the suppression of T lymphocyte dependent inflammatory responses in mice","volume":"45","author":"Carlsten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.43.6.530","article-title":"Suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice pretreated with diethylstilbesterol: involvement of sex hormones in immunomodulation","volume":"43","author":"Kato","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000024312","article-title":"Beta-estradiol suppresses T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity through suppression of antigen-presenting cell function and Th1 induction","volume":"121","author":"Salem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.9.2875.009k12_2875_2882","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-estrogens inhibit the functional differentiation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"95","author":"Komi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10409","article-title":"Estrogen inhibition of EAE involves effects on dendritic cell function","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(89)90361-4","article-title":"The cell surface of mouse dendritic cells: FACS analyses of dendritic cells from different tissues including thymus","volume":"118","author":"Crowley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00427.x","article-title":"Adhesion molecule polymorphisms in chronic renal allograft failure","volume":"55","author":"McLaren","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.957","article-title":"IL-12\/IL-18-dependent IFN-gamma release by murine dendritic cells","volume":"167","author":"Stober","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.6.1457","article-title":"The MRC OX-62 antigen: a useful marker in the purification of rat veiled cells with the biochemical properties of an integrin","volume":"175","author":"Brenan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(03)00119-6","article-title":"The rapid quantitative analysis of bovine cytokine genes by real-time RT-PCR","volume":"94","author":"Konnai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01250.x","article-title":"Quantification of cytokine gene expression using an economical real-time polymerase chain reaction method based on SYBR Green I","volume":"57","author":"Ramos-Payan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01212.x","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and in pregnant women: association with the induction of allogeneic immune tolerance?","volume":"57","author":"Steckel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5175","article-title":"Estrogen inhibits systemic T cell expression of TNF-alpha and recruitment of TNF-alpha(+) T cells and macrophages into the CNS of mice developing experimental encephalomyelitis","volume":"102","author":"Ito","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000048757","article-title":"Differential effects of sex steroids on T and B cells: modulation of cell cycle phase distribution, apoptosis and bcl-2 protein levels","volume":"69","author":"McMurray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1183","article-title":"17 beta-estradiol inhibits cytokine, chemokine, and chemokine receptor mRNA expression in the central nervous system of female mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"65","author":"Matejuk","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00114-X","article-title":"17-beta-estradiol alters Jurkat lymphocyte cell cycling and induces apoptosis through suppression of Bcl-2 and cyclin A","volume":"11","author":"Jenkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.114","article-title":"Interaction of the estrogen receptors with the Fas ligand promoter in human monocytes","volume":"170","author":"Mor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00700.x","article-title":"T lymphocytes are not the target for estradiol-mediated suppression of DTH in reconstituted female severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice","volume":"114","author":"Taube","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00203-5","article-title":"Estrogen receptor alpha in mouse splenic lymphocyte: possible involvement in immunity","volume":"133","author":"Sakazaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63490-6","article-title":"Estrogen receptor alpha is a novel marker expressed by follicular dendritic cells in lymph nodes and tumor-associated lymphoid infiltrates","volume":"163","author":"Sapino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63516-X","article-title":"The protective effect of 17beta-estradiol on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated through estrogen receptor-alpha","volume":"163","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1426","article-title":"Estrogen preferentially promotes the differentiation of CD11c+ CD11b(intermediate) dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors","volume":"172","author":"Paharkova-Vatchkova","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6267","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.11.6267","article-title":"Immune modulation in multiple sclerosis patients treated with the pregnancy hormone estriol","volume":"171","author":"Soldan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5380.1191","article-title":"Inhibition of T cell proliferation by macrophage tryptophan catabolism","volume":"281","author":"Munn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01520-0","article-title":"Tryptophan catabolism and T-cell tolerance: immunosuppression by starvation?","volume":"20","author":"Mellor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00072-3","article-title":"Tolerance, DCs and tryptophan: much ado about IDO","volume":"24","author":"Grohmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020052","article-title":"Inhibition of allogeneic T cell proliferation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-expressing dendritic cells: mediation of suppression by tryptophan metabolites","volume":"196","author":"Terness","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"}],"container-title":["Steroids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039128X04001473?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039128X04001473?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T10:00:01Z","timestamp":1758535201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039128X04001473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0039128X04001473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-128X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-128X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antigen-specific T cell functions are suppressed over the estrogen-dendritic cell-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase axis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Steroids","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.steroids.2004.05.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}