{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:57:36Z","timestamp":1760367456636,"version":"3.35.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Steroids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,18]],"date-time":"2008-10-18T08:27:59Z","timestamp":1224318479000},"page":"121-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Distribution, metabolism and excretion of a synthetic androgen 7\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone, a potential male-contraceptive"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Pramod Vishwanath","family":"Prasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramamani","family":"Arumugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Willman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren-Shan","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regine","family":"Sitruk-Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narender","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1210\/en.130.6.3677","article-title":"The biological activity of 7\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone is not amplified in male reproductive tract as is that of testosterone","volume":"130","author":"Kumar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.9.2200","article-title":"Gonadotropin and testosterone suppression by 7\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone acetate administered by sub-dermal implant to healthy men","volume":"14","author":"Noe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5232","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-022043","article-title":"A clinical trial of 7\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone implants for possible use as a long-acting contraceptive for men","volume":"88","author":"Eckardstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.5.967","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 7\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone after intramuscular administration in healthy men","volume":"12","author":"Suvisaari","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1997.tb01938.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of 7\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone in men and cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"18","author":"Narender Kumar","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.002683","article-title":"7\u03b1-Methyl-19-nortestosterone vs testosterone in combination with etonogestrel implants for spermatogenic suppression in healthy men","volume":"28","author":"Walton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0590218","article-title":"Selective uptake of radioactivity in rat ventral prostate following administration of testosterone-1,2-3H","volume":"59","author":"Tveter","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Endocr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(82)90555-X","article-title":"Uptake and retention of androgens by the rat ventral prostate and consideration of their use as site directing agents","volume":"31","author":"Symes","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(90)90172-O","article-title":"A comparative study of the selectivity and efficiency of target tissue uptake of five tritium-labeled androgens in the rat","volume":"36","author":"Carlson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib10","first-page":"724","article-title":"Fluorine-18-labeled androgens: radiochemical synthesis and tissue distribution studies on six fluorine-substituted androgens, potential imaging agents for prostatic cancer","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0610629","article-title":"1,2-3H-Testosterone: distribution and uptake in neural and genital tissues of intact male, castrate male and female rats","volume":"61","author":"Roy","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71412-9","article-title":"Excretion of the metabolites of tesosterone-4-14C in the rat","volume":"200","author":"Ashmore","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1983.571233x","article-title":"The absorption, distribution and excretion of anabolic agents","volume":"57","author":"Heitzman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib14","first-page":"366","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of anabolic steroids","volume":"143","author":"van der Vies","year":"1993","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib15","first-page":"141","article-title":"Metabolism of 1\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone acetate in man","author":"Caspi","year":"1965","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(79)90096-5","article-title":"The in vivo metabolism of 7\u03b2, 17-dimethyltestosterone-6,7-3H","volume":"34","author":"Segaloff","year":"1979","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(90)90405-A","article-title":"Radioimmunoassay of 7\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone and investigation of its pharmacokinetics in animals","volume":"37","author":"Narender Kumar","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-123-5-2187","article-title":"In vitro metabolism of 7\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone by rat liver, prostate, and epididymis","volume":"123","author":"Agarwal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib19","series-title":"The Leydig cell","first-page":"288","article-title":"Metabolism of testosterone in Leydig cells and peripheral tissues","author":"Sundaram","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(88)90655-8","article-title":"Human liver microsomal steroid metabolism: identification of the major microsomal steroid hormone 6\u03b2-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme","volume":"263","author":"Waxman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00022a001","article-title":"Oxidation of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals by human cytochrome P450 enzymes","volume":"4","author":"Guengerich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib22","series-title":"Mammalian cytochrome P-450","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enzymology of rat liver cytochrome P450","author":"Guengerich","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib23","series-title":"Cytochrome P450: structure, mechanism, and biochemistry","first-page":"473","article-title":"Human cytochrome P450 enzymes","author":"Guengerich","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(85)90193-X","article-title":"Simultaneous purification of multiple forms of rat liver micorsomal cytochrome P450 by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"842","author":"Yoshihiko","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1991.10.1","article-title":"The P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping and recommended nomenclature","volume":"10","author":"Nebert","year":"1991","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(98)00018-5","article-title":"Inhibitory monoclonal antibody to human cytochrome P450 2B6","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1993.12.1","article-title":"The P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers, early trivial names, and nomenclature","volume":"12","author":"Nelson","year":"1993","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/03602539409029789","article-title":"Role of human cytochrome P450 in the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens and toxins","volume":"26","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug Metab Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22379-5","article-title":"Interindividual variations in human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes invoved in the oxidation of drugs, carcinogens and toxic chemicals: studies with liver micorosmes of 30 Japanese and 30 Caucasians","volume":"270","author":"Shimada","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)06652-8","article-title":"Induction of liver microsomal cytochrome P450 in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"23","author":"Bullock","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(87)90399-7","article-title":"Studies on the rate-determining factor in testosterone hydroxylation by rat liver microsomal cytochrome P450: evidence against cytochrome P450 isozyme:isozyme interactions","volume":"255","author":"Dutton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(90)90620-Z","article-title":"Effects of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inducers on mouse hepatic microsomal metabolism of testosterone and alkoxyresorufins","volume":"39","author":"Kelley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)32132-X","article-title":"Regio- and stereo-selective metabolism of two C19 steroids by five highly purified and reconstituted rat hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes","volume":"258","author":"Wood","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1997.0302","article-title":"Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes","volume":"346","author":"Yamazaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib35","first-page":"157","article-title":"C16 and C17 derivatives of estradiol as inhibitors of 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: chemical synthesis and structure-activity relationships","volume":"15","author":"Sam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Design Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90026-E","article-title":"1-Aminobenzotriazole-induced destruction of hepatic and renal cytochromes P450 in male Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"19","author":"Mugford","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90320-5","article-title":"Microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent steroid metabolism in male sheep liver. Quantitative importance of 6\u03b2-hydroxylation and evidence for the involvement of a P450 from the IIIA subfamily in the pathway","volume":"38","author":"Murray","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0640529","article-title":"Binding and metabolism of 5\u03b1-androstane-3\u03b1-17\u03b2-diol and 5\u03b1-androstane-3\u03b2-17\u03b2-diol in the prostate, seminal vesicles and plasma of male rats: studies in vivo and in vitro","volume":"64","author":"Kreig","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Endocr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(99)00143-0","article-title":"7\u03b1-methyl-19-nortestosterone, a synthetic androgen with high potency: structure-activity comparisons with other androgens","volume":"71","author":"Narender Kumar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44323-7","article-title":"Regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of androgen hydroxylations catalyzed by cytochrome P450 isozymes purified from phenobarbital-induced rat liver","volume":"258","author":"Waxman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3109\/00498259309057030","article-title":"Species differences of testosterone 16-hydroxylases in liver microsomes of guinea pig, rat and dog","volume":"23","author":"Ohmori","year":"1993","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1210\/er.18.3.281","article-title":"Molecular endocrinology of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases","volume":"18","author":"Penning","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2174\/092986708783330629","article-title":"Inhibitors of 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase","volume":"15","author":"Bro\u017eic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(99)00400-4","article-title":"Metabolism of anabolic steroids by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of metabolites","volume":"735","author":"Rendic","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl"}],"container-title":["Steroids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039128X08002535?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039128X08002535?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T03:32:51Z","timestamp":1738467171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039128X08002535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0039128X08002535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.steroids.2008.09.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-128X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0039-128X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}