{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:47:58Z","timestamp":1788306478956,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Steroids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,14]],"date-time":"2011-12-14T02:14:36Z","timestamp":1323828876000},"page":"342-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Recommendations for treatment of nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH): An update"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Trapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon E.","family":"Oberfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.21-5-159","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"21","author":"Levine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000082896","article-title":"Female preponderance in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP21 deficiency in England: implications for neonatal screening","volume":"63","author":"Nordenstr\u00f6m","year":"2005","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199708000-00018","article-title":"Current status of neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"9","author":"Pang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(08)70017-3","article-title":"Newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"30","author":"Therrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"U71","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.151U071","article-title":"Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"151","author":"van der Kamp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02740.x","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and P450 oxidoreductase deficiency","volume":"66","author":"Krone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1210\/er.21.3.245","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"21","author":"White","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0040","unstructured":"NNSIS 2009. National Newborn Screening Information System. Available at http:\/\/www2.uthscsa.edu\/nnsis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625105","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2010-625105","article-title":"Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"2010","author":"Witchel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.78.2.241","article-title":"Clinical review 54: genetics, diagnosis, and management of 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"78","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-55-5-817","article-title":"Late-onset steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: a variant of classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"55","author":"Kohn","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0060","first-page":"650","article-title":"High frequency of nonclassical steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"37","author":"Speiser","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.6.2611","article-title":"Newly proposed hormonal criteria via genotypic proof for type II 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"87","author":"Lutfallah","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.11.1829","article-title":"CYP11B1 mutations causing non-classic adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 \u03b2 -hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"6","author":"Joehrer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0075","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.cypalleles.ki.se\/cyp21.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-008-9097-x","article-title":"Nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"10","author":"Speiser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115897","article-title":"Disease expression and molecular genotype in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"90","author":"Speiser","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)45304-X","article-title":"Determination of functional effects of mutations in the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21) using recombinant vaccinia virus","volume":"265","author":"Tusie-Luna","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050586","article-title":"Exhaustive screening of the 21-hydroxylase gene in a population of hyperandrogenic women","volume":"101","author":"Blanch\u00e9","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.1.207","article-title":"Phenotype-genotype correlation in 56 women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"86","author":"Deneux","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0105","first-page":"447","article-title":"Distribution of the V281L mutation of the CYP21 gene in Israeli congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients and its associate with HLA-B14","volume":"5","author":"Israel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K07-028","article-title":"Nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency due to a homozygous V281L mutation in CYP21A2 detected by the neonatal mass-screening program in Japan","volume":"54","author":"Shinagawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-5-5-685","article-title":"A mutation (Pro-30 to Leu) in CYP21 represents a potential nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency allele","volume":"5","author":"Tusie-Luna","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1202","article-title":"Phenotype-genotype correlations of 13 rare CYP21A2 mutations detected in 46 patients affected with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and in one carrier","volume":"95","author":"Tardy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.148","article-title":"Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"5","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e32833961d7","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in adults","volume":"17","author":"Auchus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108020","article-title":"21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia is a progressive disorder: a multicenter study","volume":"183","author":"Moran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2000.3036","article-title":"A multicenter study of women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia: relationship between genotype and phenotype","volume":"71","author":"Speiser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-2-320","article-title":"Genotyping steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: hormonal reference data","volume":"57","author":"New","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2053","article-title":"A prospective study of the prevalence of nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia among women presenting with hyperandrogenic symptoms and signs","volume":"93","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0062","article-title":"Reproductive outcome of women with 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"91","author":"Moran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00383-0","article-title":"Screening for 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia among hyperandrogenic women: a prospective study","volume":"72","author":"Azziz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-2-418","article-title":"Clinical and biological phenotypes in late-onset 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"63","author":"Dewailly","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4133","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2631","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: an endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"95","author":"Speiser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.5.1570","article-title":"High incidence of molecular defects of the CYP21 gene in patients with premature adrenarche","volume":"84","author":"Dacou-Voutetakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-3-609","article-title":"Genetic defects of steroidogenesis in premature pubarche","volume":"64","author":"Temeck","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0225","article-title":"Approach to the girl with early onset of pubic hair","volume":"96","author":"Oberfield","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0190","first-page":"79","article-title":"Growth and final height in classical and non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"30","author":"New","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2109","article-title":"Reduced final height outcome in congenital adrenal hyperplasia under prednisone treatment: deceleration of growth velocity during puberty","volume":"92","author":"Bonfig","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000110587","article-title":"Growth in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"68","author":"D\u00f6rr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000129677","article-title":"Patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiencycan achievetheir target height: the Leipzig experience","volume":"70","author":"Hoepffner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2128","article-title":"Treatment with growth hormone and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog improves final adult height in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"90","author":"Lin-Su","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15179.x","article-title":"Classification of the types of androgenetic alopecia (common baldness) occurring in the female sex","volume":"97","author":"Ludwig","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09777.x","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia in the paediatric population: a retrospective review of 57 patients","volume":"163","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05369.x","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and acne in male patients","volume":"148","author":"Degitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0230","unstructured":"New M. Infertility and androgen excess in nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Symposium on the Ovary: Regulation, Dysfunction and Treatment. Marco Island, 71. Jan 25\u201327, 1996, p.195\u2013198."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1457","article-title":"Extensive clinical experience. relative prevalence of different androgen excess disorders in 950 women referred because of clinical hyperandrogenism","volume":"91","author":"Carmina","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0917","article-title":"United Kingdom Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia AdultStudy Executive (CaHASE). Health statusofadultswith congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a cohort study of 203 patients","volume":"95","author":"Arlt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1383","article-title":"Fertility in women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"95","author":"Bidet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den118","article-title":"Fertility and pregnancy outcome in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"23","author":"Hagenfeldt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346799","article-title":"Reversible male infertility in late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"14","author":"Augarten","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/014850102753385198","article-title":"Reversible infertility, pharmaceutical and spontaneous, in a male with late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia, due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"48","author":"Kalachanis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.12.5721","article-title":"High prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumors, impaired spermatogenesis, and Leydig cell failure in adolescent and adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"86","author":"Stikkelbroeck","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0770","article-title":"Does an altered leptin axis play a role in obesity among children and adolescents with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency?","volume":"160","author":"V\u00f6lkl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.75.6.1421","article-title":"Insulin insensitivity in adrenal hyperplasia due to nonclassical steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"75","author":"Speiser","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0744","article-title":"Fractures and bone mineral density in adult women with 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"92","author":"Falhammar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1645","article-title":"Extensive clinical experience. Nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"91","author":"New","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Steroids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039128X11003540?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039128X11003540?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T01:14:58Z","timestamp":1639962898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039128X11003540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0039128X11003540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-128X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-128X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}