{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:54:32Z","timestamp":1790186072157,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009224","name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:44:47Z","timestamp":1776339887000},"page":"647-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The History of Minimally Invasive Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sullivan A.","family":"Ayuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Ujiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-006-9109-4","article-title":"The role of the surgeon in the evolution of flexible endoscopy","volume":"21","author":"Morgenthal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib2","article-title":"Minimally invasive surgery: a historical and legal perspective on technological transformation","volume":"19","author":"Jeganathan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Robot Surg.Springer Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2020.08.013","article-title":"A history of flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"100","author":"Ponsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surgical Clinics of North America.W.B. Saunders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00012268","article-title":"History of endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery","volume":"21","author":"Lau","year":"1997","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib5","article-title":"A brief history of endoscopy, laparoscopy, and laparoscopic surgery","volume":"7","author":"Spaner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-0025","article-title":"Visceral vistas: Basil Hirschowitz and the birth of fiberoptic endoscopy","volume":"165","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med.American College of Physicians"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481808400613","article-title":"How technology shaped modern surgery","volume":"84","author":"Nakayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-07135-9","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) in the treatment of refractory gastroparesis and predictors of outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis using surgical pyloroplasty as a comparator group","volume":"34","author":"Mohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-11957-1","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of Zenker\u2019s peroral endoscopic myotomy: endoscopic suturing is effective for large Zenker\u2019s diverticula","volume":"39","author":"Rwigema","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib10","article-title":"Outcomes of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for subepithelial tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract: experience from the United States","author":"Mohapatra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000001638","article-title":"Endoscopic peroral pyloromyotomy vs laparoscopic gastric electrical stimulator for gastroparesis: a propensity-matched multicenter trial","volume":"242","author":"Shim","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i32.4567","article-title":"New era: endoscopic treatment options in obesity-a paradigm shift","volume":"25","author":"Glass","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol.Baishideng Publishing Group Co"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7069","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i31.7069","article-title":"Weight loss endoscopy: development, applications, and current status","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib14","article-title":"Advances in endobariatrics: past, present, and future","volume":"11","author":"Shenoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf).Oxford University Press"},{"issue":"10350","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01280-6","article-title":"Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty for treatment of class 1 and 2 obesity (MERIT): a prospective, multicentre, randomised trial","volume":"400","author":"Abu Dayyeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000545531","article-title":"Diagnostic value of postsurgical endoscopy","volume":"41","author":"Kamaleddine","year":"2025","journal-title":"Visc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib17","first-page":"535","article-title":"FLS and FES: comprehensive models of training and assessment","volume":"90","author":"Vassiliou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib18","article-title":"The evolution of surgical skills simulation education: advanced laparoscopic skills","volume":"181","author":"Shehata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surgery (United States)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-06827-6","article-title":"Development of a fundamentals of endoscopic surgery proficiency-based skills curriculum for general surgery residents","volume":"34","author":"Mizota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib20","first-page":"1228","article-title":"Early implementation of fundamentals of endoscopic surgery training using a simulation-based mastery learning curriculum","volume":"169","author":"Dyke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgery (United States)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E699","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005088","article-title":"The impact of simulation based training on the fundamentals of endoscopic surgery performance examination","volume":"277","author":"Ritter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5697-4","article-title":"Simulation-based mastery learning for endoscopy using the endoscopy training system: a strategy to improve endoscopic skills and prepare for the fundamentals of endoscopic surgery (FES) manual skills exam","volume":"32","author":"Ritter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-007-3619-0","article-title":"Laparoscopic antireflux surgery for the elderly: a surgical and quality-of-life study","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9759-5","article-title":"Diagnostic laparoscopy guidelines : this guideline was prepared by the SAGES Guidelines Committee and reviewed and approved by the Board of Governors of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), November 2007","volume":"22","author":"Hori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0632-y","article-title":"SAGES guideline for laparoscopic appendectomy","volume":"24","author":"Korndorffer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5073-9","article-title":"SAGES guidelines for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair","volume":"30","author":"Heniford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5072-x","article-title":"SAGES guidelines for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair","volume":"30","author":"Earle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4079-z","article-title":"SAGES expert Delphi consensus: critical factors for safe surgical practice in laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"29","author":"Pucher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07568-7","article-title":"Safe cholecystectomy multi-society practice guideline and state-of-the-art consensus conference on prevention of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy","volume":"34","author":"Michael Brunt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2511-1","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the clinical practice guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES)","volume":"26","author":"Eikermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2010.05599.x","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for early distal gastric cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Liang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000151892.35922.f2","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open subtotal gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer: Five-year results of a randomized prospective trial","volume":"241","author":"Huscher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"9472","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66545-2","article-title":"Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic-assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): Multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"365","author":"Guillou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2019.137","article-title":"Survival and outcomes after laparoscopic versus open curative resection for colon cancer","volume":"39","author":"Alsaffar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-2016-3","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open distal pancreatectomy: a systematic review of comparative studies","volume":"26","author":"Jusoh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2011.00295.x","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcomes after laparoscopic and open hepatic resection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Mirnezami","year":"2011","journal-title":"HPB"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2025.1291","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of laparoscopic vs robotic-assisted cholecystectomy in acute care surgery","volume":"160","author":"Woldehana","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9710","article-title":"Natural-orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery","volume":"102","author":"Atallah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1308\/003588409X464487","article-title":"Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery","volume":"91","author":"Arulampalam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4382","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i39.4382","article-title":"Natural orifce transluminal endoscopic surgery: New minimally invasive surgery come of age","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1978-y","article-title":"Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery: review of its applications in bariatric procedures","volume":"26","author":"Erridge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006570","article-title":"Telesurgery: a systematic literature review and future directions","volume":"282","author":"Reddy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7087","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2010.07.013","article-title":"Laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery in gynecology\u2014A review of the literature and available technology","volume":"18","author":"Uppal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3393\/jksc.2010.26.6.429","article-title":"Transvaginal endoscopic appendectomy","volume":"26","author":"Shin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Coloproctol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib46","first-page":"209","article-title":"History of computer-assisted surgery","volume":"100","author":"Ranev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6079-2","article-title":"Review of emerging surgical robotic technology","volume":"32","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12401","article-title":"Robotic surgery for colorectal cancer","volume":"4","author":"G\u00f3mez Ruiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.07.038","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials comparing gynecologic laparoscopic procedures with and without robotic assistance","volume":"265","author":"Marchand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003915","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of robotic surgery compared to conventional surgical approaches (laparoscopic or open): a systematic overview of reviews","volume":"273","author":"Muaddi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003967","article-title":"Perioperative, oncological, and functional outcomes between robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy and open radical retropubic prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"212","author":"Nahas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000193","article-title":"Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: the first separate systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies","volume":"109","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000001074","article-title":"Robotics vs laparoscopy in foregut surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis analyzing Hiatal Hernia repair and heller myotomy","volume":"239","author":"Awshah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2020.0034","article-title":"Robotic inguinal vs transabdominal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: the RIVAL randomized clinical trial","volume":"155","author":"Prabhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.8123","article-title":"Robotic vs laparoscopic surgery for middle and low rectal cancer: the REAL randomized clinical trial","volume":"334","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-10773-3","article-title":"The evidence behind robot-assisted abdominopelvic surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"38","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v15.i10.1256","article-title":"Precision at scale: machine learning revolutionizing laparoscopic surgery","volume":"15","author":"Ardila","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6678","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002792","article-title":"Safety and reliability of telesurgery in China: a multicenter, single-arm, phase I clinical trial","volume":"111","author":"Tai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2025.104779","article-title":"Deep learning in surgical process modeling: a systematic review of workflow recognition","volume":"162","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Biomed Inf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12513","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-based computer vision in surgery: recent advances and future perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Kitaguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2226265","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.26265","article-title":"Development and validation of a model for laparoscopic colorectal surgical instrument recognition using convolutional neural network\u2013based instance segmentation and videos of laparoscopic procedures","volume":"5","author":"Kitaguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2025.103480","article-title":"Multitask learning in minimally invasive surgical vision: a review","volume":"101","author":"Alabi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348221101490","article-title":"Deep learning applications in surgery: current uses and future directions","volume":"89","author":"Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-021-02380-9","article-title":"Machine learning in gastrointestinal surgery","volume":"52","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348211065101","article-title":"The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in surgery: a comprehensive literature review","volume":"89","author":"Dagli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-025-03076-6","article-title":"Comprehensive overview of artificial intelligence in surgery: a systematic review and perspectives","volume":"477","author":"Chevalier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib67","first-page":"317","article-title":"Interpretation and use of applied\/operational machine learning and artificial intelligence in surgery","volume":"103","author":"Douglas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.046","article-title":"Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and surgical science: reality versus hype","volume":"264","author":"El Hechi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002693","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in surgery: promises and perils","volume":"268","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Surgical Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039610926000241?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039610926000241?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T20:02:23Z","timestamp":1788897743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039610926000241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0039610926000241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-6109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-6109","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The History of Minimally Invasive Surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Surgical Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suc.2026.02.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}