{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T11:07:19Z","timestamp":1783163239487,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,9]],"date-time":"2009-02-09T09:12:59Z","timestamp":1234170779000},"page":"392-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Thymectomy is more effective than conservative treatment for myasthenia gravis regarding outcome and clinical improvement"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Burkhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inken","family":"Schreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussuf","family":"Kaifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulus","family":"Schurr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Thayssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob R.","family":"Izbicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Strate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib1","first-page":"597","article-title":"Pathologisch-anatomischer beitrag zur erbschen krankheit","volume":"20","author":"Weigert","year":"1901","journal-title":"Neurolo Zentralbl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30094-X","article-title":"The history of myasthenia gravis","volume":"12","author":"Pascuzzi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60635-2","article-title":"Alfred Blalock and thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"43","author":"Kirschner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197808000-00008","article-title":"Thymomas in patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"188","author":"Slater","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.2.193","article-title":"Surgical treatment of myasthenia gravis in two major Middle East teaching hospitals: factors influencing outcome","volume":"51","author":"Hassantash","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198707000-00013","article-title":"Effects of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"206","author":"Papatestas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb03997.x","article-title":"Fulminant myasthenia gravis and polymyositis after thymectomy for thymoma","volume":"85","author":"Hassel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35684-3","article-title":"\u201cMaximal\u201d thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"95","author":"Jaretzki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63720-4","article-title":"A rational approach to total thymectomy in the treatment of myasthenia gravis","volume":"24","author":"Jaretzki","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)40309-7","article-title":"Distribution of thymic tissue at the anterior mediastinum. Current procedures in thymectomy","volume":"70","author":"Masaoka","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9794-2","article-title":"Long-term outcome and quality of life after open and thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"22","author":"Bachmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.5.3454","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracic surgery thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis","volume":"128","author":"Manlulu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.5.365","article-title":"The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology","volume":"85","author":"Aaronson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199608000-00017","article-title":"Long-term outcome and quality of life after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"224","author":"Busch","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1010182","article-title":"Morbidity after transsternal thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: a changing perspective?","volume":"46","author":"Machens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)00184-2","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome after transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"65","author":"Bril","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420200029005","article-title":"Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"128","author":"Blossom","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)90394-8","article-title":"Transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"57","author":"DeFilippi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01595-2","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America","volume":"70","author":"Jaretzki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.10.1121","article-title":"The natural course of myasthenia gravis: a long term follow up study","volume":"52","author":"Oosterhuis","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01675867","article-title":"The ocular signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis","volume":"52","author":"Oosterhuis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00031-3","article-title":"Thirteen years follow-up after radical transsternal thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Do short-term results predict long-term outcome?","volume":"21","author":"Roth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(83)90260-X","article-title":"Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"146","author":"Mulder","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1069343","volume":"109","author":"Schumpelick","year":"1984","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.27.12.1103","article-title":"A treatment carol: thymectomy revisited","volume":"27","author":"McQuillen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2000.00008.x","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: a retrospective study comparing thymectomy to conservative treatment","volume":"101","author":"Werneck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.11.040","article-title":"Comparison of late results of basic transsternal and extended transsternal thymectomies in the treatment of myasthenia gravis","volume":"78","author":"Zielinski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197610000-00008","article-title":"The value of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: a computer-assisted matched study","volume":"184","author":"Buckingham","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(74)90094-4","article-title":"Effect of thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. A sixteen year experience","volume":"128","author":"Mulder","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)66861-0","article-title":"Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: recent observations and comparisons with past experience","volume":"48","author":"Mulder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33774.x","article-title":"Comparison of the results of the transcervical and transsternal thymectomy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"377","author":"Papatestas","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)00184-2","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome after transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"65","author":"Bril","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.42.3.199","article-title":"Surgical treatment for myasthenia gravis","volume":"42","author":"Otto","year":"1987","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03722-0","article-title":"Transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis achieves results comparable to thymectomy by sternotomy","volume":"74","author":"Shrager","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2003.08.002","article-title":"Impact of minimally invasive trans-cervical thymectomy on outcome in patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"24","author":"de","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(93)90942-B","article-title":"Thoracoscopy in the management of anterior mediastinal masses","volume":"56","author":"Sugarbaker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(92)91162-3","article-title":"Thoracoscopic resection of an anterior mediastinal tumor","volume":"54","author":"Landreneau","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90098-1","article-title":"Response to thymectomy in Chinese patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"126","author":"Kay","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70151-4","article-title":"Results of video-assisted thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"112","author":"Mack","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-830424","article-title":"Comparison of early postoperative results of thymectomy: partial sternotomy vs videothoracoscopy","volume":"53","author":"Toker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.5.3454","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracic surgery thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis","volume":"128","author":"Manlulu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.5.1440","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"108","author":"Yim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)00184-2","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome after transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"65","author":"Bril","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.11.040","article-title":"Comparison of late results of basic transsternal and extended transsternal thymectomies in the treatment of myasthenia gravis","volume":"78","author":"Zielinski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62457-5","article-title":"An improved technique to facilitate transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"45","author":"Cooper","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)00184-2","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome after transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"65","author":"Bril","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420200029005","article-title":"Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis","volume":"128","author":"Blossom","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00167-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of extended thymectomy for elderly patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"67","author":"Tsuchida","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01139-1","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic predictors of outcome in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis","volume":"76","author":"Lopez-Cano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039606008007101?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039606008007101?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T14:24:27Z","timestamp":1589552667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039606008007101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0039606008007101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-6060"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-6060","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}