{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T06:05:43Z","timestamp":1794204343988,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":355,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","surgjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T03:27:37Z","timestamp":1684207657000},"page":"214-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A narrative review of ergonomic problems, principles, and potential solutions in surgical operations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"174","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2379-1004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan L.","family":"Barrios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0150-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie E.","family":"Polcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Hensley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3525-3417","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"George A.","family":"Sarosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia M.","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5354-443X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4679-8623","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Gilbert R.","family":"Upchurch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill M.","family":"Sumfest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"Efron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5128-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Dunleavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5417-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letitia","family":"Bible","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista P.","family":"Terracina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazen R.","family":"Al-Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8210-7159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Gravina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2113","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.2113","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the true benefit of robotic surgery: ergonomics","volume":"16","author":"Wee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Med Robot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-0148-x","article-title":"Optimal ergonomics for laparoscopic surgery in minimally invasive surgery suites: a review and guidelines","volume":"23","author":"Van Det","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivs173","article-title":"Ergonomics in thoracoscopic surgery: results of a survey among thoracic surgeons","volume":"15","author":"Welcker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9941.65161","article-title":"Ergonomics in laparoscopic surgery","volume":"6","author":"Supe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Minim Access Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2478\/v10035-011-0054-0","article-title":"Risk for the operator related to laparoscopic surgery and selected measures of their minimization","volume":"83","author":"Horst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pol Przegl Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2015.12.025","article-title":"Adult reconstructive surgery: a high-risk profession for work-related injuries","volume":"31","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(89)90190-7","article-title":"Cumulative trauma disorders: their recognition and ergonomics measures to avoid them","volume":"20","author":"Kroemer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib8","unstructured":"Jeffress CN. Statement of Charles N. Jeffress, Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, before the Subcommittee on Employment, Safety, and Training of the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, April 27, 2000 OSHA Archive: United States Department of Labor; 2000. https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/news\/testimonies\/04272000. Accessed December 1, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib9","series-title":"Occupational injuries and illnesses resulting in musculoskeletal disorders (msds)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib10","unstructured":"US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Nonfatal Occupational injuries and illnesses requiring days away from work, 2015 [press release]. United States Department of Labor;\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib11","series-title":"Hospital workers: an assessment of occupational injuries and illnesses","author":"Dressner","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2014.03.013","article-title":"Musculoskeletal occupational injury among surgeons: effects for patients, providers, and institutions","volume":"189","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"issue":"1 Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2021.11.026","article-title":"Endocrine surgeons have high rates of work-related musculoskeletal (MSK) injury and symptoms","volume":"224","author":"Jensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002223","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among surgeons performing minimally invasive surgery: a systematic review","volume":"266","author":"Alleblas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6460-1","article-title":"The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in bariatric surgeons","volume":"33","author":"Alsabah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0647-y","article-title":"Application of ergonomic guidelines during minimally invasive surgery: a questionnaire survey of 284 surgeons","volume":"20","author":"Wauben","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5247-5","article-title":"Ergonomics in the operating room","volume":"31","author":"Janki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2012.05.016","article-title":"Physical strain and urgent need for ergonomic training among gynecologic oncologists who perform minimally invasive surgery","volume":"126","author":"Franasiak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(03)00161-0","article-title":"Robotics and ergonomics","volume":"83","author":"Stylopoulos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720812451046","article-title":"Ergonomics principles associated with laparoscopic surgeon injury\/illness","volume":"54","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2017.28.e70","article-title":"Does a robotic surgery approach offer optimal ergonomics to gynecologic surgeons? A comprehensive ergonomics survey study in gynecologic robotic surgery","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2009.11.008","article-title":"The pain of surgery: pain experienced by surgeons while operating","volume":"8","author":"Soueid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18911","article-title":"Trends in the adoption of robotic surgery for common surgical procedures","volume":"3","author":"Sheetz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2008.0556","article-title":"Ergonomics considerations of radical prostatectomy: physician perspective of open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted techniques","volume":"23","author":"Bagrodia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endourol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00626350","article-title":"Subjective complaints in orthopedists and general surgeons","volume":"67","author":"Mirbod","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-009-9176-1","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in surgeons","volume":"19","author":"Szeto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2013.04.013","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pain in gynecologic surgeons","volume":"20","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000456","article-title":"Ergonomics in surgery: a review","volume":"24","author":"Catanzarite","year":"2018","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib29","article-title":"Stretching and strength training to improve postural ergonomics and endurance in the operating room","volume":"8","author":"Winters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.02.008","article-title":"Interventions to improve ergonomics in the operating theatre: a systematic review of ergonomics training and intra-operative microbreaks","volume":"55","author":"Koshy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2019.12.035","article-title":"Impact of procedure type, case duration, and adjunctive equipment on surgeon intraoperative musculoskeletal discomfort","volume":"230","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820932851","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of surgical ergonomics in otolaryngology","volume":"163","author":"Rodman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900316","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of surgeons\u2019 posture during laparoscopic and open surgical procedures","volume":"11","author":"Berguer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0834-3","article-title":"A\u00a0study of surgeons\u2019 postural muscle activity during open, laparoscopic, and endovascular surgery","volume":"24","author":"Szeto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0000000000000231","article-title":"Ergonomics in laparoscopic surgery: a survey of symptoms and contributing factors","volume":"26","author":"Shepherd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2019.04.020","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders in minimally invasive surgery","volume":"53","author":"Zahiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693026","article-title":"Ergonomics and musculoskeletal health of the surgeon","volume":"32","author":"Schlussel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-012-2021-4","article-title":"Ergonomics in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery: survey results","volume":"16","author":"Morandeira-Rivas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00129689-200202000-00001","article-title":"The pitfalls of laparoscopic surgery: challenges for robotics and telerobotic surgery","volume":"12","author":"Ballantyne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900705","article-title":"Surgical technology and the ergonomics of laparoscopic instruments","volume":"12","author":"Berguer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.01.054","article-title":"Work-related upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in paediatric laparoscopic surgery: a multicenter survey","volume":"48","author":"Esposito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3109\/13645701003643972","article-title":"The operation room as a hostile environment for surgeons: physical complaints during and after laparoscopy","volume":"19","author":"Sari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0b013e3181569ee2","article-title":"Ergonomic problems encountered by the surgical team during video endoscopic surgery","volume":"18","author":"Kaya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0b013e3181cded54","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders when performing laparoscopic surgery","volume":"20","author":"Stomberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2009.10.017","article-title":"Patients benefit while surgeons suffer: an impending epidemic","volume":"210","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2017.12.013","article-title":"Surgeon symptoms, strain, and selections: systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical ergonomics","volume":"27","author":"Stucky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1089\/109264202753486920","article-title":"Assessment of the ergonomically optimal operating surface height for laparoscopic surgery","volume":"12","author":"Van Veelen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-001-8190-y","article-title":"An ergonomic study of the optimum operating table height for laparoscopic surgery","volume":"16","author":"Berquer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib49","first-page":"7","article-title":"Ergonomics: requirements for adjusting the height of laparoscopic operating tables","volume":"5","author":"Matern","year":"2001","journal-title":"JSLS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(01)00801-7","article-title":"An ergonomic evaluation of surgeons\u2019 axial skeletal and upper extremity movements during laparoscopic and open surgery","volume":"182","author":"Nguyen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-4855-4","article-title":"The ergonomics of laparoscopic surgery: a quantitative study of the time and motion of laparoscopic surgeons in live surgical environments","volume":"30","author":"Aitchison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2015.01.022","article-title":"A\u00a0feasibility study determining surgical ergonomics in a live surgical setting","volume":"22","author":"Aitchison","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5360-5","article-title":"Which causes more ergonomic stress: laparoscopic or open surgery?","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649900717","article-title":"An ergonomic comparison of in-line vs pistol-grip handle configuration in a laparoscopic grasper","volume":"12","author":"Berguer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073734","article-title":"A\u00a0wearable sensor-based platform for surgeon posture monitoring: a tool to prevent musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"18","author":"Carbonaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2416-4","article-title":"Validation of inertial measurement units with optical tracking system in patients operated with total hip arthroplasty","volume":"20","author":"Z\u00fcgner","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib57","article-title":"Improved multi-position calibration for inertial measurement units","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Meas Sci Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-0184-6","article-title":"Ergonomics, user comfort, and performance in standard and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery","volume":"23","author":"Van der Schatte Olivier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350611413611","article-title":"Survey on surgical instrument handle design: ergonomics and acceptance","volume":"19","author":"Santos-Carreras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2014.10.004","article-title":"Comparison of postural ergonomics between laparoscopic and robotic sacrocolpopexy: a pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Tarr","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2014.2.95","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among robotic surgeons: a questionnaire analysis","volume":"86","author":"Giberti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5160-y","article-title":"Surgeons; physical discomfort and symptoms during robotic surgery: a comprehensive ergonomic survey study","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002845","article-title":"Robotic surgery is less physically demanding than laparoscopic surgery: paired cross sectional study","volume":"271","author":"Dalsgaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-08274-0","article-title":"Who is hurting? A prospective study of surgeon ergonomics","volume":"36","author":"Stewart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-022-05319-8","article-title":"Should all minimal access surgery be robot-assisted? A systematic review into the musculoskeletal and cognitive demands of laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery","volume":"26","author":"Shugaba","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3604-9","article-title":"Ergonomic analysis of robot-assisted and traditional laparoscopic procedures","volume":"28","author":"Zihni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-013-3213-z","article-title":"Comparative assessment of physical and cognitive ergonomics associated with robotic and traditional laparoscopic surgeries","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib68","first-page":"65","article-title":"The aching surgeon: a survey of physical discomfort and symptoms following open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgery","volume":"6","author":"Plerhoples","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Robot Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-8824-3","article-title":"The relationship between hand size and difficulty using surgical instruments: a survey of 726 laparoscopic surgeons","volume":"18","author":"Berguer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib70","first-page":"3496","article-title":"A\u00a0woman\u2019s place is in theatre, but are theatres designed with women in mind? A systematic review of ergonomics for women in surgery","volume":"11","author":"Bellini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-013-3281-0","article-title":"The ergonomics of women in surgery","volume":"28","author":"Sutton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9986-9","article-title":"One size does not fit all: current disposable laparoscopic devices do not fit the needs of female laparoscopic surgeons","volume":"22","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2022.04.019","article-title":"Investigation of the association between surgeon sex and laparoscopic device ergonomic strain in gynecologic surgery","volume":"29","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-012-0303-9","article-title":"Rating and issues of mechanical anastomotic staplers in surgical practice: a survey of 241 Japanese gastroenterological surgeons","volume":"42","author":"Kono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-021-08295-3","article-title":"Gender equity in ergonomics: does muscle effort in laparoscopic surgery differ between men and women?","volume":"36","author":"Armijo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib76","article-title":"Female sex is associated with increased reported injury rates and difficulties with use of orthopedic surgical instruments","volume":"13","author":"Fram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2011.10.022","article-title":"Work environment discomfort and injury: an ergonomic survey study of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology members","volume":"33","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib78","first-page":"414","article-title":"[Posture and fatigue among surgeons in the operating room]","volume":"31","author":"Toffola","year":"2009","journal-title":"G\u00a0Ital Med Lav Ergon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.06.020","article-title":"Improving ergonomics in the operating room for orthopaedic surgeons in order to reduce work-related musculoskeletal injuries","volume":"56","author":"Alaqeel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-002-9105-2","article-title":"Ergonomic problems encountered by the medical team related to products used for minimally invasive surgery","volume":"17","author":"Van Veelen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3674-7","article-title":"Ergonomics: making the OR a comfortable place","volume":"29","author":"Cardenas-Trowers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2020.07.017","article-title":"Ergonomic robotic console configuration in gynecologic surgery: an interventional study","volume":"28","author":"Hokenstad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2014.00166","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptance of a robotic surgery ergonomic training program","volume":"18","author":"Franasiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"JSLS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2013.07.006","article-title":"Ergonomics in the operating room: protecting the surgeon","volume":"20","author":"Rosenblatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Minim Invasive Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2009.0226","article-title":"Ergonomics, surgeon comfort, and theater checklists in pediatric laparoscopy","volume":"20","author":"Lenoir","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib86","first-page":"1658","article-title":"The impact of the Alexander technique on improving posture and surgical ergonomics during minimally invasive surgery: pilot study","volume":"186","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003199","article-title":"A\u00a0preventive program for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among surgeons: outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"270","author":"Giagio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.01.007","article-title":"Microbreaks in laparoscopic appendectomy have no effect on surgeons\u2019 performance and well-being","volume":"251","author":"Kromberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-1350-1","article-title":"Effects of intraoperative breaks on mental and somatic operator fatigue: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"25","author":"Engelmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001665","article-title":"Intraoperative \u201cmicro breaks\u201d with targeted stretching enhance surgeon physical function and mental focus: a multicenter cohort study","volume":"265","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31825efe87","article-title":"Do micropauses prevent surgeon\u2019s fatigue and loss of accuracy associated with prolonged surgery? An experimental prospective study","volume":"257","author":"Dorion","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2016.12.006","article-title":"The impact of intraoperative microbreaks with exercises on surgeons: a multi-center cohort study","volume":"60","author":"Hallbeck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.09.013","article-title":"Do no harm, except to ourselves? A survey of symptoms and injuries in oncologic surgeons and pilot study of an\u00a0intraoperative ergonomic intervention","volume":"224","author":"Voss","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000201481.08336.dc","article-title":"Can armrests improve comfort and task performance in laparoscopic surgery?","volume":"243","author":"Galleano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-007-9249-1","article-title":"A\u00a0newly designed ergonomic body support for surgeons","volume":"21","author":"Albayrak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/00129689-199908000-00002","article-title":"Ergonomic surgeon\u2019s chair for use during minimally invasive surgery","volume":"9","author":"Schurr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2008.0434","article-title":"Ergonomic aspects related to surgeon position in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy","volume":"23","author":"Mitre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endourol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-06678-1","article-title":"Ergonomics in handheld and robot-assisted camera control: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Wijsman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.11.035","article-title":"The impact of ergonomics on recruitment to surgical fields: a multi-institutional survey study","volume":"236","author":"Sergesketter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"}],"container-title":["Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039606023001770?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039606023001770?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T11:06:55Z","timestamp":1758539215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039606023001770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0039606023001770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-6060"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-6060","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A narrative review of ergonomic problems, principles, and potential solutions in surgical operations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2023.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}