{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T23:04:24Z","timestamp":1768691064144,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":339,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-DA057284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-DA057284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08-HS028672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08-HS028672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23-AR079565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23-AR079565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HS027788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HS027788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001502","name":"Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001502","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009931","name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009931","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","surgjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T21:31:06Z","timestamp":1694554266000},"page":"1255-1262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of state opioid laws on prescribing in trauma patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"174","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3588-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia D.","family":"Kelm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1274-9097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Staci T.","family":"Aubry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne H.","family":"Cain-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryant W.","family":"Oliphant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0726-2754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveen F.","family":"Sangji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Waljee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4143-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark R.","family":"Hemmila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304187","article-title":"Opioid crisis: No easy fix to its social and economic determinants","volume":"108","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.4234","article-title":"Association of opioid prescribing with opioid consumption after surgery in Michigan","volume":"154","author":"Howard","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0010","article-title":"Opioid Prescribing limits for acute pain: potential problems with design and implementation","volume":"321","author":"Chua","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000185","article-title":"Patient factors associated with high opioid consumption after common surgical procedures following state-mandated opioid prescription regulations","volume":"234","author":"Sacklow","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6610a1","article-title":"Characteristics of initial prescription episodes and likelihood of long-term opioid use \u2014 United States, 2006\u20132015","volume":"66","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18361","article-title":"Association of state opioid duration limits with postoperative opioid prescribing","volume":"2","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2019.03.008","article-title":"Surgeons take action to reduce opioid diversion via the implementation of guideline-based opioid prescribing","volume":"229","author":"Tortorello","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib13","article-title":"The impact of the Florida law HB21 on opioid prescribing patterns after spine surgery","volume":"14","author":"Geller","year":"2023","journal-title":"North Am Spine Soc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-22-00651","article-title":"Impact of state opioid regulation on postoperative opioid prescribing patterns for total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective analysis","volume":"31","author":"Kraekel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.5891","article-title":"Disappointing early results from opioid prescribing limits for acute pain","volume":"155","author":"Chua","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-00050","article-title":"Opioid prescribing patterns in orthopaedic surgery patients: the effect of New York State regulations and institutional initiatives","volume":"28","author":"Lott","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib17","unstructured":"Michigan Opioid Laws. Public Act 251 of 2017. Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA) and the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Pub.L 251 US: 99th Congress of Michigan; 2018. https:\/\/www.michigan.gov\/opioids\/nel\/laws. Accessed 8 September 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1905045","article-title":"Statewide implementation of postoperative opioid prescribing guidelines","volume":"381","author":"Vu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003138","article-title":"Effect of injury location and severity on opioid use after trauma","volume":"91","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.022","article-title":"Laws limiting the prescribing or dispensing of opioids for acute pain in the United States: a national systematic legal review","volume":"194","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib21","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Opioid oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME) conversion factors, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; 2017. https:\/\/msqc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Opioid-Morphine-EQ-Conversion-Factors-April-2017.pdf. Accessed 8 September\u00a02022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib22","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Opioid oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME) conversion factors, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; 2018. https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/guidance\/sites\/default\/files\/hhs-guidance-documents\/Opioid%20Morphine%20EQ%20Conversion%20Factors%20%28vFeb%202018%29.pdf. Accessed 8 September\u00a02022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"147","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.04.007","article-title":"Efficacy and durability of opioid restrictive state legislation two years after implementation for total knee arthroplasty","volume":"37","author":"Kraekel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E114","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001673","article-title":"Opioid-limiting legislation associated with reduced postoperative prescribing after surgery for traumatic orthopaedic injuries","volume":"34","author":"Reid","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-4363","article-title":"Effects of state opioid prescribing laws on use of opioid and other pain treatments among commercially insured U.S. adults","volume":"175","author":"McGinty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.14023","article-title":"Effects of state opioid prescribing cap laws on opioid prescribing after surgery","volume":"57","author":"Schmid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2250409","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.50409","article-title":"Association between state opioid prescribing limits and duration of opioid prescriptions from dentists","volume":"6","author":"Chua","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib29","unstructured":"John S. McCain Opioid Addiction Prevention Act. S.724, 116th Cong (2019)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200234","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0234","article-title":"Changes in opioid use after Florida\u2019s restriction law for acute pain prescriptions","volume":"3","author":"Hincapie-Castillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109626","article-title":"State prescribing cap laws\u2019 association with opioid analgesic prescribing and opioid overdose","volume":"240","author":"Tormohlen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.10.045","article-title":"Long-term success with diminished opioid prescribing after implementation of standardized postoperative opioid prescribing guidelines: an interrupted time series analysis","volume":"96","author":"Findlay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.01.016","article-title":"Prior prescription opioid use and its influence on opioid requirements after orthopedic trauma","volume":"238","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003509","article-title":"Patient factors associated with opioid consumption in the month following major surgery","volume":"273","author":"Larach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.05.013","article-title":"Patterns of use and factors associated with early discontinuation of opioids following major trauma","volume":"214","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.1685","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of opioid prescription at discharge after traumatic injury","volume":"152","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000274","article-title":"Association between statewide medicaid opioid policy and postoperative opioid prescribing among surgeons at a large safety-net hospital","volume":"235","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000283","article-title":"Invited commentary: are statewide policy changes enough to curb the opioid epidemic?","volume":"235","author":"Kao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003462","article-title":"Description and impact of a comprehensive multispecialty multidisciplinary intervention to decrease opioid prescribing in surgery","volume":"270","author":"Kaafarani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.12.014","article-title":"Multi-modal analgesic strategy for trauma: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial","volume":"232","author":"Harvin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib41","first-page":"401","article-title":"Hyperalgesia in heroin dependent patients and the effects of opioid substitution therapy","volume":"13","author":"Compton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2019.02.049","article-title":"Success of hospital intervention and state legislation on decreasing and standardizing postoperative opioid prescribing practices","volume":"229","author":"Zipple","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"}],"container-title":["Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039606023004956?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039606023004956?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T11:07:45Z","timestamp":1758539265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039606023004956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0039606023004956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-6060"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-6060","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of state opioid laws on prescribing in trauma patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2023.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}