{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T01:58:23Z","timestamp":1780970303035,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","surgjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T15:23:03Z","timestamp":1776525783000},"page":"110209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Watch and Wait in practice: Adherence to surveillance after nonoperative management for rectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7541-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena K.","family":"Egbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishnavi","family":"Kavirayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kellie L.","family":"Mathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Stocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Etzioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib1","series-title":"Changes in US colorectal cancer mortality trends over the past 20 years","author":"Tan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib2","first-page":"233","article-title":"Colorectal cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib3","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Siegel","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2200869","article-title":"Increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer","volume":"386","author":"Sinicrope","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.14702","article-title":"Treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer in the era of total neoadjuvant therapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Turri","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000003057","article-title":"The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the management of rectal cancer 2023 supplement","volume":"67","author":"Langenfeld","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.4845","article-title":"Practice patterns for organ preservation in US patients with rectal cancer, 2006-2020","volume":"10","author":"Loria","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.08.775","article-title":"Watch-and-Wait compared to operation for patients with complete response to neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer","volume":"231","author":"Beard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00032","article-title":"Organ preservation in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with total neoadjuvant therapy","volume":"40","author":"Garcia-Aguilar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000002122","article-title":"Organ preservation in patients with rectal cancer treated with total neoadjuvant therapy","volume":"64","author":"Jimenez-Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4633","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.37.7176","article-title":"Wait-and-See policy for clinical complete responders after chemoradiation for rectal cancer","volume":"29","author":"Maas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw171","article-title":"Long-term outcome of an organ preservation program after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer","volume":"108","author":"Martens","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31078-X","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of clinical complete responders after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer in the international Watch & Wait Database (IWWD): an international multicentre registry study","volume":"391","author":"van der Valk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01208","article-title":"Long-term results of organ preservation in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma treated with total neoadjuvant therapy: the randomized phase II OPRA trial","volume":"42","author":"Verheij","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30074-2","article-title":"A watch-and-wait approach for locally advanced rectal cancer after a clinical complete response following neoadjuvant chemoradiation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Dossa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1056","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003738","article-title":"Management and outcome of local regrowths in a watch-and-wait prospective cohort for complete responses in rectal cancer","volume":"274","author":"van der Sande","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib22","article-title":"Long term outcome of patients with rectal cancer with complete clinical response or near complete clinical response after neoadjuvant therapy: a multicenter registry study by Chinese watch and wait Database","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31824485c4","article-title":"Morbidity risk factors after low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision and coloanal anastomosis: a retrospective series of 483 patients","volume":"255","author":"Bennis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9223","article-title":"Impact of bowel dysfunction on quality of life after sphincter-preserving resection for rectal cancer","volume":"100","author":"Emmertsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2023.0414","article-title":"Low anterior resection syndrome in total mesorectal excision: risk factors and its relationship with quality of life","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-017-3409-y","article-title":"Risk factor analysis for newly developed urogenital dysfunction after total mesorectal excision and impact of pelvic intraoperative Neuromonitoring-a prospective 2-year follow-up study","volume":"21","author":"Kauff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00467-2","article-title":"Watch-and-wait approach versus surgical resection after chemoradiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer (the OnCoRe project): a propensity-score matched cohort analysis","volume":"17","author":"Renehan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-023-04534-2","article-title":"Oncologic outcomes of watch-and-wait strategy or surgery for low to intermediate rectal cancer in clinical complete remission after adjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-021-08932-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the \u201cwatch-and-wait\u201d approach for rectal cancer with clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27852","article-title":"Surveillance after resection for colorectal cancer","volume":"119","author":"Brawarsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-013-0290-x","article-title":"Receipt of recommended surveillance among colorectal cancer survivors: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Carpentier","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.04.013","article-title":"Physician follow-up and observation of guidelines in the post treatment surveillance of colorectal cancer","volume":"154","author":"Vargas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1347","article-title":"Efficacy and effectiveness too trials: clinical trial designs to generate evidence on efficacy and on effectiveness in wide practice","volume":"105","author":"Selker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700607","article-title":"The 2 \u201cEs\u201d of research: efficacy and effectiveness trials","volume":"47","author":"Streiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06107-4","article-title":"Introduction to health economics for physicians","volume":"358","author":"Meltzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12782","article-title":"Reviving Cochrane's contribution to evidence-based medicine: bridging the gap between evidence of efficacy and evidence of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness","volume":"47","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2019.01.010","article-title":"Evaluating surveillance patterns after chemoradiation-only compared with conventional management for older patients with rectal cancer","volume":"228","author":"Ellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.04.045","article-title":"\u201cWatch-and-wait\u201d or \u201cLost to follow-up\u201d? Adherence to nonoperative management of rectal cancer","volume":"311","author":"Rubens","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01369","article-title":"From clinical trials to practice: anticipating and overcoming challenges in implementing watch-and-wait for rectal cancer","volume":"42","author":"Loria","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039606026001315?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0039606026001315?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T01:02:05Z","timestamp":1780966925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0039606026001315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0039606026001315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-6060"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-6060","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Watch and Wait in practice: Adherence to surveillance after nonoperative management for rectal cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2026.110209","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110209"}}